scholarly journals A PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL BUDGET OF JAYAWIJAYA REGENCY FROM 2010 TO 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didi Yigibalom ◽  
Ida Ayu Purba Riani
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Overlay Analysis ◽  
External Funding ◽  
Revenue Growth ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Budget Revenue

This study aims to assess performance of Regional Budget (APBD) which includes revenues, spending/expenditures and financing activities of Jayawijaya Government. The data used was the budgeted and realization of Revenue, Spending/Expenditure and Financing activities of Jayawijaya regency from 2010 to 2014. The analysis techniques used was a qualitative approach through various financial ratios. To calculate revenues performance this study employed Variant Analysis (differences of) Budget Revenue, Revenue Growth, Degree of Independence of the region, Regional Reliance to the central government, Degree of Decentralization, Local Tax Effectiveness and Overlay analysis to measure performance of the generated income. Meanwhile to measure expenditure used Variant Analysis (difference) Budgeted Expenditure, Growth of Regional Expenditure, Synchronization of Governmental Spending, Spending Effectiveness and Overlay analysis to measure overall spending/expenditures performance. Following the analysed data, the study obtained following results: 1) Jayawijaya’s revenue performance during 2010 to 2014 based on the overlay analysis was not good. The main caused was due to low degree of the region financial independence, high degree of fiscal dependence for external funding as well as the low degree of fiscal decentralization, 2) Spending/Expenditure Performance of Jayawijaya from 2010 to 2014 was good. This was because of the increasing growth of Jayawijaya’s spending/expenditure and the effectiveness of spending/expenditure in Jayawijaya. Keywords: Budget, Revenue, Spending/ Expenditure, Regional Budget Performance

Grant Systems and Vulnerability to Fiscal Stress: A Comparative Study of Danish and North American Local Government

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-299
Author(s):  
P E Mouritzen ◽  
B J Narver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
North American ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fiscal Stress ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
High Degree

The properties of a country's system of intergovernmental grants may have important effects on the vulnerability of local government to socioeconomic changes and to changes in grants from the central government. A comparison between Denmark and the United States suggests that a combination of a low degree of equalization, high reliance on general grants, and a visible structure of taxation lead to a high degree of vulnerability to fiscal stress.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PENGANGGARAN DAERAH DIMASA PANDEMI COVID-19 (STUDY KASUS PADA PEMERINTAH DAERAH PROVINSI BANTEN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-290
Author(s):  
Natta Sanjaya
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Budget Management ◽  
Budgetary Policy ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Circular Letter ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Budget Revenue

The problem in this research, the Provincial Government of Banten faced on the condition of the regional economy sluggish due to pandemic Covid-19 so it requires a scheme of setting budgetary policy of regions, ranging from setting regional revenue, regional expenditure, up to the setting of local financing. According to the Circular Letter of the Minister of Finance and Minister of internal Affairs, Local Government is obliged to make the mechanism of setting the Budget Revenue and Expenditure through refocusing and reallocation of the budget. The purpose of this study is to determine how the policy of local budgeting in the pandemic Covid-19 study case on Local Government of Banten Province. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using Purposive Sampling. The results showed the policy of the management of the regional budget in the pandemic Covid-19 at the Provincial Government of Banten that, the Provincial Government of Banten has been running a budget management in accordance with the directives and policies that have been set by the central government through the mechanism of refocusing and reallocation of the budget revenue, expenditure, and financing the area appropriately. 

Analysis Financial Ratio of Regional Government Budget in Assessing Financial Management Performance of Regional Government of Gianyar Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
N K C Wandari ◽  
◽  
K A Bayu Wicaksana ◽  
P Adi Suprapto ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Management Performance ◽  
Financial Ratio ◽  
Financial Capacity ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Regional Budget

This research sought to assess the performance of regional financial management in Gianyar Regency during 2016-2020, as measured by the degree of fiscal decentralization ratio, the regional financial dependence ratio, the Original Regional Government Revenue effectiveness ratio, the regional financial efficiency ratio, and the regional expenditure compatibility ratio. In addition, this research also determined the regional financial capacity of Gianyar Regency, measured through the calculation of Share and Growth, the mapping of regional financial capacity, and the index of regional financial capacity. The research results revealed that the financial management performance of Gianyar Regency during 2016-2020 on average was in a bad condition. It can be seen from its low regional autonomy and its high dependency on the central government. In addition, the regional government has not been able to streamline the regional finances in which regional expenditures were greater than regional revenues. The distribution of regional budget in Gianyar Regency has not been evenly allocated so that the performance regional financial management was at worse state. However, viewed from the level of regional financial capacity, Gianyar Regency has very good potential, obstructed by its low level of Original Regional Government Revenue use to finance regional expenditures.

scholarly journals Fiscal decentralization and local public investment policy in the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-213
Author(s):  
Saša Ranđelović ◽  
Svetlana Vukanović
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Public Investment Policy ◽  
High Degree

This paper analyses the level of fiscal decentralization and structural characteristics of local public finances in Republic of Serbia with focus on local public investments. Share of central government expenditures in consolidated government spending of 83%, indicates relatively high degree of fiscal centralization. In spite of significant rise in local public revenues in the last decade public investments remained low - amounting to 1% of GDP, which is significantly below EU and Central and Eastern Europe average (1.4 and 1.5% GDP, respectively). Our results indicate large variation in relative size of public investments across LSGs. Most local public investments are focused on roads maintenance administrative infrastructure, while investments in environment and education are low. To tackle local disparities in terms of quality of local infrastructure and to foster economic convergence, development of planning and implementation capacities and introduction of systemic incentives for local public investments should be considered.

scholarly journals ANALISIS INTEGRASI DAN KOORDINASI TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI REFOCUSING ANGGARAN DALAM PENANGANAN COVID 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Dini Nurdiani
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Budget Management ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Budgetary Policy ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Circular Letter ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Budget Revenue

ABSTRAKPermasalahan dalam penelitian ini, Pemerintah Provinsi Banten dihadapkan pada kondisi perekonomian daerah yang lesu akibat pandemi Covid-19 sehingga diperlukan skema pengaturan kebijakan anggaran daerah, mulai dari pengaturan pendapatan daerah, belanja daerah, hingga penetapan anggaran belanja daerah. Pengaturan pembiayaan daerah. Berdasarkan Surat Edaran Menteri Keuangan dan Menteri Dalam Negeri, Pemerintah Daerah berkewajiban membuat mekanisme penetapan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah melalui refocusing dan realokasi anggaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan penganggaran daerah dalam studi kasus pandemi Covid-19 pada Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Banten. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan pengelolaan APBD pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Pemerintah Provinsi Banten bahwa, Pemerintah Provinsi Banten telah menjalankan pengelolaan anggaran sesuai dengan arahan dan kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Banten. pemerintah pusat melalui mekanisme refocusing dan realokasi anggaran pendapatan, belanja, dan pembiayaan daerah secara tepat. ABSTRACTThe problem in this research, the Provincial Government of Banten faced on the condition of the regional economy sluggish due to pandemic Covid-19 so it requires a scheme of setting budgetary policy of regions, ranging from setting regional revenue, regional expenditure, up to the setting of local financing. According to the Circular Letter of the Minister of Finance and Minister of internal Affairs, Local Government is obliged to make the mechanism of setting the Budget Revenue and Expenditure through refocusing and reallocation of the budget. The purpose of this study is to determine how the policy of local budgeting in the pandemic Covid-19 study case on Local Government of Banten Province. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using Purposive Sampling. The results showed the policy of the management of the regional budget in the pandemic Covid-19 at the Provincial Government of Banten that, the Provincial Government of Banten has been running a budget management in accordance with the directives and policies that have been set by the central government through the mechanism of refocusing and reallocation of the budget revenue, expenditure, and financing the area appropriately.

Stimulation of β-(l → 6)-glucanase production by oxidized pustulan

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1543-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Degree Of Oxidation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Stimulation Of

A strain of Penicillium lilacinum, isolated from soil, produced pustulanase, β-(1 → 3)-glucanase, (EC. 3.2.1.6) and cellulase (EC.3.2.1.4) when cultivated on a medium containing pustulan as the sole source of carbon. If pustulan was replaced by ketopustulan, the production of pustulanase was stimulated about 10-fold although the amount of stimulation was dependent on the degree of oxidation of pustulan. β-(1 → 3)-Glucanase production was stimulated slightly by ketopustulan; however, the degree of oxidation did not affect significantly the yield of this enzyme. Cellulase production was either unaffected by the oxidized polymer, or at higher degrees of oxidation, decreased. Tween 80 stimulated the production of the three enzymes in media containing ketopustulan with a low degree of oxidation but was inhibitory to pustulanase and cellulase production in media containing ketopustulan with a high degree of oxidation. A combination of gel filtration and isoelectric focusing revealed that each enzyme activity was attributable to at least two proteins.

scholarly journals Game Theory-Based Analysis of Local Governments’ Behavioral Dissimilation in the Third-Party Soil Pollution Control under Chinese-Style Fiscal Decentralization

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Caihua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Party Control ◽  
The Third Party

The participation of a third party of the environmental service enterprise theoretically increases the level and efficiency of soil pollution control in China. However, Chinese-style fiscal decentralization may have a negative impact on the behaviors of participants, especially the local government. First, this paper conducts a positioning analysis on participants of the third-party soil pollution control in China and discusses the behavioral dissimilation of the local government under fiscal decentralization. Second, taking the government’s third-party soil pollution control as a case, a two-party game model of the central government and the local government is established around the principal-agent relationship, and a tripartite game model of the central government, the local government, and the third-party enterprise is designed around the collusion between the local government and the third-party enterprise. The results show that Chinese-style fiscal decentralization may lead to the behavioral dissimilation of local governments, that is, they may choose not to implement or passively implement the third-party control, and choose to conspire with third-party enterprises. Improving the benefits from implementing the third-party control of local governments and third-party enterprises, enhancing the central government’s supervision probability and capacity, and strengthening the central government’s punishment for behavioral dissimilation are conducive to the implementation of the third-party soil pollution control. Finally, this study puts forward policy suggestions on dividing the administrative powers between the central and local government in third-party control, building appraisal systems for the local government’s environmental protection performance, constructing environmental regulation mechanisms involving the government, market and society, and formulating the incentive and restraint policies for the participants in the third-party soil pollution control.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Chill-Hours and Degree-Days Affect Carpogenic Germination in Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Scherm ◽  
A. T. Savelle ◽  
P. L. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of cumulative chill-hours (hours with a mean temperature <7.2°C) and heating degree-days (base 7.2°C) to carpogenic germination of pseudosclerotia of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, which causes mummy berry disease of blueberry, was investigated. In two laboratory experiments, pseudosclerotia collected from rabbiteye blueberry in Georgia were conditioned at 5 to 6°C for 26 to 1,378 h prior to placement in conditions favorable for germination and apothecium development. The number of chill-hours accumulated during the conditioning period affected the subsequent proportion of pseudosclerotia that germinated and produced apothecia, with the greatest incidence of carpogenic germination occurring after intermediate levels of chilling (≈700 chill-hours). The minimum chilling requirement for germination and apothecium production was considerably lower than that reported previously for pseudo-sclerotia from highbush blueberry in northern production regions. The rate of carpogenic germination was strongly affected by interactions between the accumulation of chill-hours and degree-days during the conditioning and germination periods; pseudosclerotia exposed to prolonged chilling periods, once transferred to suitable conditions, germinated and produced apothecia more rapidly (after fewer degree-days had accumulated) than those exposed to shorter chilling periods. Thus, pseudosclerotia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi are adapted to germinate carpogenically following cold winters (high chill-hours, low degree-days) as well as warm winters (low chill-hours, high degree-days). Results were validated in a combined field-laboratory experiment in which pseudosclerotia that had received various levels of natural chilling were allowed to germinate in controlled conditions in the laboratory, and in two field experiments in which pseudosclerotia were exposed to natural chilling and germination conditions. A simple model describing the timing of apothecium emergence in relation to cumulative chill-hours and degree-days was developed based on the experiments. The model should be useful for better timing of field scouting programs for apothecia to aid in management of primary infection by M. vaccinii-corymbosi.

Leadership Styles of Public Schools Principals in the City of Hail in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: أنماط القيادة لدى مدراء مدارس التعليم العام في مدينة حائل في المملكة العربية السعودية

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (41) ◽  
pp. 161-138
Author(s):  
Fahad Husain Alshammari Fahad Husain Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Public School Principals ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Study Population ◽  
High Degree

    This study aimed to: Identify the leadership style prevailing among public school principals in Hail from the teachers ’point of view, and to reveal the statistical significance of the differences in the estimates of the study sample individuals of the leadership style prevailing among school principals, which may due to variables of (educational stage, number of years of experience, and specialization). The researcher used the descriptive method, and prepared a questionnaire consisting of (24) statements distributed to (3) dimensions, which are: Democratic style, authoritarian style and chaotic style. The current study population included all the teachers of public education schools in Hail, who numbered (9390) teachers. The questionnaire was applied to a random sample of (296) teachers. The study found a set of results, the most important of which are: The prevailing leadership style among school principals is the democratic style, followed by the authoritarian style, and then the chaotic style. Where the democratic style obtained a mean (4.18) and a high degree of approval from the study sample, while the domineering style obtained a mean (1.83) and a low degree of approval from the study sample, and the chaotic style obtained an average (1.73) and a low degree of approval. Very members of the study sample. The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences in the degree of the study sample’s estimates of the leadership style prevailing among school principals due to the variable of years of experience, while there are no statistically significant differences in the degree of the study sample’s estimates of the leadership style prevailing among school principals due to the variables of the educational stage or specialization. In light of these results, the researcher recommended organizing training courses for school principals to enlighten them about the modern trends in educational leadership, and urged school principals to follow the democratic style of administration.

scholarly journals Genetic linkage map of Phaseolus vulgaris and identification of QTLs responsible for resistance to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaury S. Santos ◽  
Ricardo E. Bressan-Smith ◽  
Messias G. Pereira ◽  
Rosana Rodrigues ◽  
Claudia F. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Phenotypic Variations ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
High Degree

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars with a high degree of resistance to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) are not available in Brazil. Despite many studies, a low degree of resistance to Xap continues to exist due to its complex genetic inheritance, which is not well known. The objectives of this research were to complement a common bean genetic map based on the cross between a susceptible genotype 'HAB-52' and a resistant genotype 'BAC-6', and to map and analyze genomic regions (quantitative trait loci – QTLs) related to Xap resistance. Eleven linkage groups were determined using 143 RAPD markers, covering 1,234.5 cM of the genome. This map was used to detect QTLs associated with Xap resistance on leaves and pods. The averages of disease severity on leaves (represented by the transformed disease index – TDI) and pods (represented by the diameter of lesion on pods – DLP) were added to the data of the linkage map. Five TDI QTLs and only one LDP QTL were detected. The TDI QTLs were placed in the A, B, G and J linkage groups, with phenotypic variations ranging from 12.7 to 71.6%. The DLP QTL explained 12.9% of the phenotypic variation and was mapped in a distinct linkage group. These results indicate that there are different genes involved in the control of resistance on leaves and pods.

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