scholarly journals The Impact of Moderate and High Intensity Cardiovascular Exertion on Sub-Elite Soccer Referee’s Cognitive Performance: A Lab-Based Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 618-625
Author(s):  
Isabelle Senécal ◽  
Samuel J. Howarth ◽  
Greg D. Wells ◽  
Isaac Raymond ◽  
Silvano Mior
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Time To Completion ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
The Impact

Soccer referees represent a specialized population who are required to perform decisional or perceptual tasks during physical exertion. Recent studies have demonstrated that submaximal acute exercise has a positive impact on cognitive performance. However, less is known about the impact of more strenuous exertion on cognitive performance. This study assessed the effect of moderate and maximal intensity exercise exertion on a cognitive performance in sub-elite soccer referees. Twelve experienced soccer referees (4 female, 8 male) were recruited. Data were collected on 2 separate days. Baseline fitness level was assessed by a standardized aerobic capacity test (VO2max Test) on Day 1, along with practice trials of the Stroop Color Word Test (Stroop Test) for evaluating cognitive performance. On Day 2, cognitive performance was assessed before, during, and after an incremental intensity exercise protocol based on the Fédération International de Football Association (FIFA) referee fitness test. Relative to results obtained at rest performance on the Stroop Test improved at moderate exertion and at maximal exertion during the modified FIFA fitness test (F = 18.97, p = .005). Mean time to completion (in seconds) of the interference Stroop task significantly improved (p < .05) between rest and moderate exertion [-3.0 ± 3.0 seconds] and between rest and maximal exertion [-4.8 ± 2.6 seconds]. In summary, we observed that cognitive performance was found to improve when sub-elite soccer referees performed moderate and maximal exercise relative to results obtained at rest. It is possible that referees focus their attention to improve goal-oriented processing in the brain during physical exertion.

scholarly journals The effect of acute exercise on cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Blanka Dwojaczny ◽  
Sergii Iermakov ◽  
Tatiana Yermakova ◽  
Mirosława Cieślicka
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Face

Background and Study Aim. Several lines of evidence indicate that physical activity has a positive impact on central nervous system. The positive impact is observed in areas of brain related to cognitive processes such as memory, learning and attention. The majority of studies focused on the chronic effects of exercise. Relatively limited number of reports addresses the problem of influence of acute exercise (single bouts of exercise) on cognitive functions. Material and methods. We examined the influence of a single bout of exercise on cognitive performance of young volunteers (23 males; aged 20,91 ± 1,01). To evaluate the cognitive performance in our subjects we used Face/Name Association Test, Stroop Test and Trail Making Test. Volunteers run for 30 minute at moderate –intensity. Results. The mean results in the Face/Name Association Test before acute exercise were 63,52 ± 5,65% and after acute exercise 67,34 ± 5,82% (p<0,005). Statistically differences results were also observed in duration of the retrieval phase of this test (p<0,005). In the Trial Making Test, in part A mean results before acute exercise were 66,26 ±11,24 seconds and after physical training 52,39 ± 11,10 seconds (p<0,005). In part B mean results were 80,60 ± 22,52 and 70,47 ± 14,54 seconds before and after acute exercise, respectively (p<0,05). We have not observed statistical difference in results of the Stroop Test. Conclusions. Our data suggest that a single bout of exercise can influence the level of cognitive performance. We demonstrate improvement in cognitive function depending on hippocampus (short-term memory) and prefrontal cortex (attention, cognitive flexibility). We have not observed influence of acute exercise on Stroop test (executive function) results.

Efficacy of Brain Gym Training on the Cognitive Performance and Fitness Level of Active Older Adults: A Preliminary Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Cancela ◽  
M Helena Vila Suárez, ◽  
Jamine Vasconcelos ◽  
Ana Lima ◽  
Carlos Ayán
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Brain Gym ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluates the impact of Brain Gym (BG) training in active older adults. Eighty-five participants were assigned to four training groups: BG (n = 18), BG plus water-based exercise (n = 18), land-based exercise (n = 30), and land plus water-based exercise (n = 19). The effects of the programs on the attention and memory functions were assessed by means of the symbol digit modality test. The two-min step and the eight-foot up-and-go tests were used to evaluate their impact on fitness level. No program had a significant influence on the participant’s cognitive performance, while different effects on the sample’ fitness levels were observed. These findings suggest that the effects of BG on the cognitive performance and fitness level of active older adults are similar to those obtained after the practice of a traditional exercise program. Whether BG is performed in isolation or combined with other exercise programs seems to have no influence on such effects.

Effects of an Acute Bout of Exercise on Cognitive Aspects of Stroop Performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Sibley ◽  
Jennifer L. Etnier ◽  
Guy C. Le Masurier
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Negative Priming ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
The Impact

Recent reviews of the literature have demonstrated that exercise has a positive impact on cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on executive functioning in college-age adults. For the experimental intervention, the effects of 20 min of self-paced moderate-intensity exercise on a treadmill were compared to the effects of a 20-min sedentary control period. Executive functioning was assessed using Stroop color-word interference and negative priming tests. Results indicated that the bout of exercise led to improved performance on the Stroop color-word interference task but no change in performance on the negative priming task. This finding suggests that exercise may facilitate cognitive performance by improving the maintenance of goal-oriented processing in the brain.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Colour Effects on Cognitive Performance in Real-World and VR Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Guobin Xia ◽  
Philip Henry ◽  
Muzi Li ◽  
Francisco Queiroz ◽  
Stephen Westland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Colour Experience ◽  
Lateral Thinking ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Attention To Detail

This research explores the influence of colour on cognitive performance and intellectual abilities (i.e., logical and lateral thinking abilities and people’s attention to detail) in a conventional laboratory setting and an approximately identical virtual reality (VR) environment. Comparative experiments using psychological methods were carried out in both settings to explore the impact of immersive colour experience. This work builds on earlier studies that suggest that the VR environment enhances user experiences, with results evidencing that a considered approach to colour design can trigger a positive impact on user engagement. The experiments further evaluated the positive effects of immersive colour stimuli in VR by evaluating participants’ logical and lateral thinking abilities, as well as their attention to detail. Their response time and error rate when completing each psychometric test were recorded with different hue backgrounds in both environments. The data collected from participants reveal the differential impacts of colour between the reality setting using standard colour imaging displays and in an approximately identical VR environment. Analysis of the psychometric tests shows the differential influence of colours on logical and lateral thinking abilities and people’s attention to detail between the physical environment and the VR environment. Our findings add to the data demonstrating that a well-designed immersive colour experience in VR can trigger positive user engagement and, as explored in this study, improve cognitive performance. This again positions immersive colour experience as an important design tool to be fully considered in the creation of effective VR research and applications.

scholarly journals The Impact of Physical Activities on Cognitive Performance among Healthy Older Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Blanka Klimova ◽  
Radka Dostalova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Alternative Programs ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
The Impact

The population is aging in developed countries. This aging process results in many changes, both physical and mental. Over the years, there has been a gradual decline in the level of cognitive functions closely related to the ageing process, which is most often connected with ageing diseases such as dementia. So far, pharmacological treatment has not yet been able to cure this neurological disorder. Health policies around the world seek to find alternative programs and strategies to help a healthy population prevent cognitive decline and prolong active life. One such strategy appears to be physical activity. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of physical activity on cognitive performance among healthy older individuals. The methodology of this study is based on a systematic electronic literature search of available studies found in three databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The findings suggest that any physical activity in older age seems to have a positive impact on the improvement of cognitive function. Furthermore, it appears that dancing, due to its multiple mechanisms, might have the biggest effect on the enhancement of cognitive performance in healthy older individuals. However, controlled clinical trials of physical activity intervention in older adults are rare. Therefore, further research in this area (particularly on the amount of physical activity, its intensity and type) is needed.

scholarly journals Physiological Factors Which Influence Cognitive Performance in Military Personnel

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Martin ◽  
Julien Périard ◽  
Ben Rattray ◽  
David B. Pyne
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Physiological Factor ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To identify and detail physiological factors that influence cognition in military personnel. Background: Maintenance of cognitive and task performance is important under several scenarios, none more so than in a military context. Personnel are prepared for and trained to tolerate many of the stressors they encounter; however, consideration of stressors typically extends only as far as the physical, psychological, and environmental requirements of a given task. While considering these factors certainly characterizes the broader picture, several physiological states and traits can influence cognition and thus, should also be considered. Method: A systematic review of the electronic databases Medline (PubMed), EMBASE (Scopus), PsycINFO, and Web of Science was conducted from inception up to January 2019. Eligibility criteria included current military personnel, an outcome of cognition, and the assessment of a physiological factor. Results: The search returned 60,564 records, of which 60 were included in the review. Eleven studies examined the impact of demographic factors on cognition, 16 examined fatigue, 10 investigated nutrition, and 24 the impact of biological factors on cognitive performance. Conclusion: Factors identified as having a positive impact on cognition include aerobic fitness, nutritional supplementation, and visual acuity. In contrast, factors identified as having a negative impact include fatigue arising from sustained operations, dehydration, undernutrition, and an exaggerated physiological stress response to a cognitive task or a stressor. A further subset of these factors was considered modifiable. Application: The modifiable factors identified provide avenues for training and preparation to enhance cognition in ways previously unconsidered.

scholarly journals The Impact of Acute Exercise on Brain‐Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) and Cognitive Performance (LB694)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Calvert ◽  
Jungyun Hwang ◽  
Kiyoung Kim ◽  
Michelle Harrison ◽  
R. Brothers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Neurotropic Factor ◽  
The Impact

Multidisciplinary team decision is rare and decreasing in percutaneous vascular interventions despite positive impact on in-hospital outcomes

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian-Alexander Behrendt ◽  
Tilo Kölbel ◽  
Thea Schwaneberg ◽  
Holger Diener ◽  
Ralf Hohnhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Vascular Intervention ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Worldwide prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary invasive treatment. There is evidence that multidisciplinary team decision-making (MTD) has an impact on in-hospital outcomes. This study aims to depict practice patterns and time changes regarding MTD of different medical specialties. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design. 20,748 invasive, percutaneous PVI of PAD conducted in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany) were consecutively collected between January 2004 and December 2014. Results: MTD prior to PVI was associated with lower odds of early unsuccessful termination of the procedures (Odds Ratio 0.662, p < 0.001). The proportion of MTD decreased over the study period (30.9 % until 2009 vs. 16.6 % from 2010, p < 0.001) while rates of critical limb-threatening ischemia (34.5 % vs. 42.1 %), patients´ age (70 vs. 72 years), PVI below-the-knee (BTK) (13.2 % vs. 22.4 %), and rates of severe TASC C/D lesions BTK (43.2 % vs. 54.2 %) increased (all p < 0.001). Utilization of MTD was different between medical specialties with lowest frequency in procedures performed by internists when compared to other medical specialties (7.1 % vs. 25.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTD prior to PVI is associated with technical success of the procedure. Nonetheless, rates of MTD prior to PVI are decreasing during the study period. Future studies should address the impact of multidisciplinary vascular teams on long-term outcomes.

The Relation Between Aerobic Fitness and Cognitive Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hao Wang ◽  
Chun-Ming Shih ◽  
Chia-Liang Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Attention Performance ◽  
P3 Amplitude ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study aimed to assess whether brain potentials have significant influences on the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognition. Behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) data was collected from 48 young adults when performing a Posner task. Higher aerobic fitness is related to faster reaction times (RTs) along with greater P3 amplitude and shorter P3 latency in the valid trials, after controlling for age and body mass index. Moreover, RTs were selectively related to P3 amplitude rather than P3 latency. Specifically, the bootstrap-based mediation model indicates that P3 amplitude mediates the relationship between fitness level and attention performance. Possible explanations regarding the relationships among aerobic fitness, cognitive performance, and brain potentials are discussed.

Impact of external currency exposures on macroeconomic policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
I. V. Prilepskiy
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Exchange Rate Regime ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
Financial Account ◽  
Currency Exposure ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact

Based on cross-country panel regressions, the paper analyzes the impact of external currency exposures on monetary policy, exchange rate regime and capital controls. It is determined that positive net external position (which, e.g., is the case for Russia) is associated with a higher degree of monetary policy autonomy, i.e. the national key interest rate is less responsive to Fed/ECB policy and exchange rate fluctuations. Therefore, the risks of cross-country synchronization of financial cycles are reduced, while central banks are able to place a larger emphasis on their price stability mandates. Significant positive impact of net external currency exposure on exchange rate flexibility and financial account liberalization is only found in the context of static models. This is probably due to the two-way links between incentives for external assets/liabilities accumulation and these macroeconomic policy tools.

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