scholarly journals The effect of acute exercise on cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Blanka Dwojaczny ◽  
Sergii Iermakov ◽  
Tatiana Yermakova ◽  
Mirosława Cieślicka
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Face

Background and Study Aim. Several lines of evidence indicate that physical activity has a positive impact on central nervous system. The positive impact is observed in areas of brain related to cognitive processes such as memory, learning and attention. The majority of studies focused on the chronic effects of exercise. Relatively limited number of reports addresses the problem of influence of acute exercise (single bouts of exercise) on cognitive functions. Material and methods. We examined the influence of a single bout of exercise on cognitive performance of young volunteers (23 males; aged 20,91 ± 1,01). To evaluate the cognitive performance in our subjects we used Face/Name Association Test, Stroop Test and Trail Making Test. Volunteers run for 30 minute at moderate –intensity. Results. The mean results in the Face/Name Association Test before acute exercise were 63,52 ± 5,65% and after acute exercise 67,34 ± 5,82% (p<0,005). Statistically differences results were also observed in duration of the retrieval phase of this test (p<0,005). In the Trial Making Test, in part A mean results before acute exercise were 66,26 ±11,24 seconds and after physical training 52,39 ± 11,10 seconds (p<0,005). In part B mean results were 80,60 ± 22,52 and 70,47 ± 14,54 seconds before and after acute exercise, respectively (p<0,05). We have not observed statistical difference in results of the Stroop Test. Conclusions. Our data suggest that a single bout of exercise can influence the level of cognitive performance. We demonstrate improvement in cognitive function depending on hippocampus (short-term memory) and prefrontal cortex (attention, cognitive flexibility). We have not observed influence of acute exercise on Stroop test (executive function) results.

scholarly journals The Impact of Moderate and High Intensity Cardiovascular Exertion on Sub-Elite Soccer Referee’s Cognitive Performance: A Lab-Based Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 618-625
Author(s):  
Isabelle Senécal ◽  
Samuel J. Howarth ◽  
Greg D. Wells ◽  
Isaac Raymond ◽  
Silvano Mior
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Time To Completion ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
The Impact

Soccer referees represent a specialized population who are required to perform decisional or perceptual tasks during physical exertion. Recent studies have demonstrated that submaximal acute exercise has a positive impact on cognitive performance. However, less is known about the impact of more strenuous exertion on cognitive performance. This study assessed the effect of moderate and maximal intensity exercise exertion on a cognitive performance in sub-elite soccer referees. Twelve experienced soccer referees (4 female, 8 male) were recruited. Data were collected on 2 separate days. Baseline fitness level was assessed by a standardized aerobic capacity test (VO2max Test) on Day 1, along with practice trials of the Stroop Color Word Test (Stroop Test) for evaluating cognitive performance. On Day 2, cognitive performance was assessed before, during, and after an incremental intensity exercise protocol based on the Fédération International de Football Association (FIFA) referee fitness test. Relative to results obtained at rest performance on the Stroop Test improved at moderate exertion and at maximal exertion during the modified FIFA fitness test (F = 18.97, p = .005). Mean time to completion (in seconds) of the interference Stroop task significantly improved (p < .05) between rest and moderate exertion [-3.0 ± 3.0 seconds] and between rest and maximal exertion [-4.8 ± 2.6 seconds]. In summary, we observed that cognitive performance was found to improve when sub-elite soccer referees performed moderate and maximal exercise relative to results obtained at rest. It is possible that referees focus their attention to improve goal-oriented processing in the brain during physical exertion.

scholarly journals Effects of Caffeine and Acute Aerobic Exercise on Working Memory and Caffeine Withdrawal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa Morava ◽  
Matthew James Fagan ◽  
Harry Prapavessis
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Caffeine Withdrawal ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Cognitive Benefits

AbstractStudies show that a single bout of exercise confers cognitive benefits. However, many individuals use psychoactive substances such as caffeine to enhance cognitive performance. The effects of acute exercise in comparison to caffeine on cognition remain unknown. Furthermore, caffeine use is associated with withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. Whether acute exercise can reduce withdrawal symptoms also remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of acute moderate intensity aerobic exercise to caffeine on working memory (WM) and caffeine withdrawal symptoms (CWS). In Phase I, non-caffeine (n = 29) and caffeine consumers (n = 30) completed a WM assessment, followed by acute exercise and caffeine. In Phase II, caffeine consumers (n = 25) from Phase I underwent the WM assessment and reported CWS following a 12-hour deprivation period. Acute moderate intensity aerobic exercise and caffeine (1.2 mg/kg) significantly improved WM accuracy and reduced CWS comparably. WM performance was not reduced following caffeine deprivation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Single Bout of Acute Exercise on Working Memory Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-487
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Deo ◽  
Kopila Agrawal ◽  
Prem Bhattrai ◽  
Raju Kumar Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Back Task

Introduction: Working memory is a kind of short term memory important for reasoning and guiding decision-making and behavioral process.Objective: The goal of the present research was to study the outcome of single bout of acute moderate-intensity exercise on working memory.Methodology: Twenty two male subjects were asked to perform working memory task by 2n back task in baseline resting, immediately after exercise and after five minute of exercise session. 3 minute step test procedure was used as a moderate intensity exercise intervention.Results: The percentage correctness of 2n back task of working memory was found to be 64.36% for baseline resting condition, 78.01 % for immediately after 3-minute step test and 80.70% for 5 minute after the exercise. In both exercise session (i.e. immediately after exercise and after 5 minute of exercise), significant improvement (p value <0.05) in working memory was seen as compared to the baseline resting session while no such significant beneficial improvement was seen when compared between immediately after exercise and after 5 minute of exercise.Conclusion: Improvement in working memory after moderate exercise intervention was seen, which is important for learning and memory and decision-making.  BJHS 2018;3(2)6:484-487.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of the Essential Fatty Acid Oxidation Cofactor Carnitine Is Stimulated in Heart and Liver after a Single Bout of Exercise in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom L. Broderick ◽  
Frank A. Cusimano ◽  
Chelsea Carlson ◽  
Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Organic Cation Transporter ◽  
Carnitine Deficiency ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Carnitine Uptake

We determined whether one single bout of exercise stimulates carnitine biosynthesis and carnitine uptake in liver and heart. Free carnitine (FC) in plasma was assayed using acetyltransferase and [14C]acetyl-CoA in Swiss Webster mice after 1 hour of moderate-intensity treadmill running or 4 hours and 8 hours into recovery. Liver and heart were removed under the same conditions for measurement of carnitine biosynthesis enzymes (liver butyrobetaine hydroxylase, γ-BBH; heart trimethyllysine dioxygenase, TMLD), organic cation transporter-2 (OCTN2, carnitine transporter), and liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα, transcription factor for γ-BBH and OCTN2 synthesis). In exercised mice, FC levels in plasma decreased while heart and liver OCTN2 protein expressed increased, reflecting active uptake of FC. During recovery, the rise in FC to control levels was associated with increased liver γ-BBH expression. Protein expression of PPARα was stimulated in liver after exercise and during recovery. Interestingly, heart TMLD protein was also detected after exercise. Acute exercise stimulates carnitine uptake in liver and heart. The rapid return of FC levels in plasma after exercise indicates carnitine biosynthesis by liver is stimulated to establish carnitine homeostasis. Our results suggest that exercise may benefit patients with carnitine deficiency syndromes.

Arterial baroreflex resetting mediates postexercise reductions in arterial pressure and heart rate

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. H1627-H1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret P. Chandler ◽  
David W. Rodenbaugh ◽  
Stephen E. DiCarlo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Operating Point ◽  
Arterial Baroreflex ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

We tested the hypothesis that postexercise reductions in arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) are mediated by a lowering of the operating point and a reduction in the gain of the arterial baroreflex. To test this hypothesis, spontaneous changes in arterial pressure and the reflex responses of HR were examined before and after a single bout of mild to moderate dynamic exercise in 19 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, 10 male and 9 female). Eleven SHR subjected to sinoaortic denervation (SAD) (6 male, 5 female) were also studied. All rats were instrumented with an arterial catheter for the measurement of arterial pressure and HR. After exercise, arterial pressure and HR were reduced below preexercise levels. Furthermore, the operating point and spontaneous gain (G) of the arterial baroreflex were reduced. Specifically, after exercise, the spontaneous range of HR (P1, 50%), the pressure at the midpoint of the pressure range (P3, 13%) and the HR at the midpoint of the HR range (H3, 10%), the spontaneous minimum HR (P4, 8%) and maximum HR (10%), and G (76%) were significantly attenuated. SAD significantly attenuated the relationship between arterial pressure and HR by reducing G (males 94%, females 95%). These results demonstrate that acute exercise resulted in a postexercise resetting of the operating point and a reduction in the gain of the arterial baroreflex. Furthermore, these data suggest that postexercise reductions in arterial pressure and HR are mediated by a lowering of the operating point of the arterial baroreflex.

Effects of an Acute Bout of Exercise on Cognitive Aspects of Stroop Performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Sibley ◽  
Jennifer L. Etnier ◽  
Guy C. Le Masurier
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Negative Priming ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
The Impact

Recent reviews of the literature have demonstrated that exercise has a positive impact on cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on executive functioning in college-age adults. For the experimental intervention, the effects of 20 min of self-paced moderate-intensity exercise on a treadmill were compared to the effects of a 20-min sedentary control period. Executive functioning was assessed using Stroop color-word interference and negative priming tests. Results indicated that the bout of exercise led to improved performance on the Stroop color-word interference task but no change in performance on the negative priming task. This finding suggests that exercise may facilitate cognitive performance by improving the maintenance of goal-oriented processing in the brain.

scholarly journals Comparison of GFAP and HSP27 concentrations in acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise of different duration

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-7
Author(s):  
Robert Stefanus ◽  
Sophie Yolanda ◽  
Radiana D. Antarianto
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Synapse Plasticity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

Background: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and heat shock protein -27 (HSP27) plasma can be used as the parameters of exercise-induced astrocyte reactivity. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends an exercise of 30 minutes or 10 minutes duration (each performing bout accumulated toward 30 minutes). The aim of this study was to compare GFAP and HSP27 plasma concentrations in young adults undergoing acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise of different durations (10 minutes vs 30 minutes).Methods: An experimental study with pre-post design was conducted on 22 participants assigned to either 10 minutes or 30 minutes duration of single bout exercise. Blood sampling was performed before and after the exercise. GFAP and HSP27 plasma levels were measured with ELISA methods. Plasma GFAP and HSP27 levels before and after exercise were analyzed using paired t -test, while GFAP and HSP27 levels after exercise between the two groups were processed using unpaired t-test.Results: Plasma GFAP concentration decreased significantly (0,45 ng/mL) after 30 minutes of aerobic exercise (p<0.05). Plasma HSP27 concentration decreased significantly (1,71 ng/mL) after 10 minutes of aerobic exercise (p<0.05). No significant difference in plasma GFAP and HSP27 concentrations between 10 minutes (GFAP=0.49 ng/mL; HSP27=2.09 ng/mL) and 30 minutes duration of exercise (GFAP=0.45 ng/mL; HSP27=1,71 ng/mL).Conclusion: Acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with 10- and 30-minutes duration reduces the reactivity of astrocytes indication the increase of the synapse plasticity. The decrease in GFAP concentration occurred after 30 minutes of exercise and the decrease in HSP27 occurred after 10 minutes of exercise. These results showed that the body responds differently to different treatment duration in order to obtain the same effect on the body.

scholarly journals Acute Exercise Facilitates the N450 Inhibition Marker and P3 Attention Marker during Stroop Test in Young and Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Shih Hsieh ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Chien-Ting Wu ◽  
Yu-Kai Chang ◽  
Tsung-Min Hung
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Cognitive Inhibition ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Cognitive Benefits

While considerable evidence supporting the positive influence of acute exercise on cognitive inhibition, little is known regarding the underlying cognitive processes. There is also little neuroelectric evidence regarding the effects on older adults of acute exercise-elicited cognitive benefits. Thus, our objective was to explore the possible neural markers underlying improved cognitive inhibition, with particular attention to the N450 and P3 components, following acute exercise. Another aim was to investigate whether cognitive gains seen in young adults are replicated in older adults. Twenty-four young males and 20 older males underwent either a single bout of aerobic exercise or video-watching in counterbalanced order. Afterwards, cognitive inhibition was assessed by the Stroop test. Results revealed that acute exercise resulted in shorter response time regardless of age or congruency. Regarding the neuroeletric data, acute exercise resulted in larger P3 amplitude and smaller N450 amplitude regardless of congruency or age. Further, following exercise, changes in response time interference were correlated with changes in incongruent N450 amplitude. Collectively, acute exercise-facilitated conflict monitoring and attention control, as signified by the N450 and P3 components, may be the underlying processes leading to better Stroop performance, with conflict monitoring having a stronger association with task performance. Further, cognitive gains resulting from acute exercise were found to the same extent in both young and older adults.

Effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on carnitine metabolism in men and women

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Lennon ◽  
F. W. Stratman ◽  
E. Shrago ◽  
F. J. Nagle ◽  
M. Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Carnitine Metabolism ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Males And Females

The purpose of this investigation was to describe the dynamics of carnitine metabolism during an acute episode of exercise. Twenty-eight subjects (14 male; 14 female) exercised for 40 min on a bicycle ergometer at 55% of their maximal aerobic capacities. Blood samples were obtained at rest, 10, 20, 30, and 40 min of exercise, and 15-min postexercise. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were performed before and after exercise. Results demonstrated that the percent of acylated plasma carnitine increased significantly (P less than 0.05) across all subjects from 17.3% at rest to 22.3% by 40 min of exercise and continued to increase to 22.8% 15-min postexercise. Total muscle carnitine levels fell significantly (P less than 0.001) across all subjects from 4.21 (1.27) (means +/- SD) mumol/g wet weight at rest to 3.29 (1.27) mumol/g wet weight after exercise. Well-trained males and females had almost identical levels of muscle carnitine [4.35(1.86) and 4.34 (0.64) mumol/g wet weight, respectively]. These levels were somewhat higher but not significantly higher than their moderately trained counterparts [3.86(1.34) and 4.28(1.18) males and females, respectively]. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase (E.C. 2.3.1.21) activity also declined significantly (P less than 0.05) across all subjects after exercise. This study is the first to demonstrate a potential loss of acylated carnitine forms from muscle to plasma during acute exercise, possibly reflecting an increase in carnitine turnover. Alterations in carnitine status may represent another metabolic adaptation to chronic exercise training.

scholarly journals Exercise Intensity Influences Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation during Cognitive Testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Moriarty ◽  
Kelsey Bourbeau ◽  
Bryanne Bellovary ◽  
Micah N. Zuhl
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Activation changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions have been linked to acute exercise-induced improvements in cognitive performance. The type of exercise performed may influence PFC activation, and further impact cognitive function. The present study aimed to compare PFC activation during cognitive testing after moderate-intensity, high intensity, and yoga exercises, and to determine if PFC activation is linked to cognitive performance. Eight subjects (four male and four female), aged 35 ± 5 completed a control, high intensity, moderate intensity, and yoga exercises followed by administration of a cognitive task (NIH Toolbox Fluid Cognition). Left and right PFC activation (LPFC and RPFC, respectively) were evaluated by measuring hemoglobin difference (Hbdiff) changes during post-exercise cognitive assessment using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Activation during the cognitive test was higher in the LPFC after moderate intensity exercise compared to control, high intensity, and yoga (5.30 ± 6.65 vs. 2.26 ± 2.40, 2.50 ± 1.48, 2.41 ± 2.36 μM, p < 0.05, respectively). A negative relationship was detected between LPFC and processing speed after exercise. PFC activation did not align with cognitive performance. However, acute exercise, regardless of type, appeared to alter neural processing. Specifically, less PFC activation was required for a given neural output after exercise.

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