scholarly journals Universality and cultural variation in the conceptualisation of love via metaphors, metonymies and cultural scripts: The case of Montenegrin

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Slavica Perović ◽  
Milica Vuković-Stamatović
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Cultural Scripts ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Culture Specificity

This paper studies the conceptualisation of love by the Montenegrin student population, via conceptual metaphors, metonymies and related concepts, as well as through the lenses of cultural scripts. The corpus with the conceptual instantiations was collected using a sentence-completion elicitation questionnaire, which was administered to Montenegrin university students. The aim was to identify the cognitive model of love of the targeted population, and to determine the level of universality and cultural variation of the conceptualisations identified. The results suggest that the level of universality and culture-specificity depends on how generally we define the conceptualisation – the superordinate-level, i.e. more general and abstract metaphors displayed more universality, whereas more cultural specificity was likely to be found in the basic-level metaphors, i.e. narrower metaphors.

scholarly journals MODELS OF THE CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF THE ETHICAL CONCEPT OF EVILNESS IN RUSSIAN PHRASEOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
T WANG ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Cognitive Specificity ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Basic Level

Objective of this article is to describe models of conceptual metaphors of ethical concept “evilness” displayed and recorded in Russian phraseology, through the prism of national-cultural specificity of ethical fragment of Russian language picture of the world. Methods. We used the method of traditional linguistic analysis, lexical-semantic analysis and conceptual analysis. Results. The paper has shown that, on the one hand, among the diverse folk concepts, the concept “evilness” is determined as a basic-level concept, because it meets all the criteria for determining the basic-level concepts and acts as a reference point in the moral and value scale. On the other hand, in Russian phraseological units, the abstract ethical concept “evilness” can be represented as a materialized object (essence, substance, thing), including a specific object with specified features (functions, characteristics, attributes): liquid substance (water), spoiled food (spoiled apple) and goods, as a three-dimensional container and even as a mythological image (character): Baba-Yaga, the Devil and the Satan. Conclusions. The results obtained in this article allow us to say that these models are conceptual and metaphorical representation of evilness, largely shows not only ethnically related cultural characteristics of the ethical fragment of Russian language picture of the world, displayed in Russian phraseology, but also the cognitive specificity of Russian people.

Anxiety Disorders’ Effect on College and University Students’ Mental Health: A Common and Growing Concern

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Pesko
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
University Students ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Adult Student ◽  
College And University ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mental Health Settings

Anxiety disorders are commonly experienced by college and university students and should be routinely assessed in mental health settings. Epidemiological studies suggest that the burden of these illnesses has greatly expanded even over the past decade. Factors that contribute to the experience of an anxiety disorder in a young adult student population are considered herein. The best practice for evaluation and treatment of these disorders is presented based on the review of available literature in this field. Special attention is paid to the concept of resilience as it pertains to anxiety disorders in the student population.

Exploring the concurrent use of standardised and idiographic measures to assess cognitive behavioural therapy in a university student with autistic spectrum condition – a single case experimental design

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Birdsey ◽  
Linda Walz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
University Students ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
University Student ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Spectrum Condition

Abstract Limited research has directly addressed the challenges of higher education for students with autism, who face additional difficulties in navigating social, personal and academic obstacles. With more students experiencing mental health difficulties whilst at university, therapeutic interventions on offer need to be suitable for those accessing support. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is widely used to support university students, as it is firmly established as an effective treatment for a range of issues, including social and generalised anxiety in typically developing populations (NICE, 2013; NICE, 2019). However, the efficacy of CBT for individuals with autistic spectrum condition (ASC) is less well known, despite the high prevalence rates of anxiety in this population. This paper seeks to address a gap in the literature and uses a single-case (A-B) experimental design over 16 sessions to reduce co-morbid social and generalised anxiety in a university student with high-functioning ASC. Clark’s (2001) cognitive model of social anxiety and Wells’ (1997) cognitive model of generalised anxiety were employed to formulate anxiety experienced in this case. Standardised outcome measures were used for social anxiety, i.e. the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), and generalised anxiety, i.e. the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), in conjunction with idiographic ratings to assess the impact of therapy. Findings indicate that CBT was an acceptable and useful intervention with mixed results; discrepancies were found between clinical change recorded on standardised measures compared with idiographic ratings. This paper discusses the use of standardised measures of anxiety for individuals with ASC and identifies directions for further research. Key learning aims (1) To appreciate the unique mental health challenges of university students with ASC. (2) To identify psychological interventions that are suitable for individuals with ASC. (3) To consider the value in employing more than one evidence-based cognitive model of anxiety when clients present with co-morbid mental health issues. (4) To question the utility of using standardised outcome measures compared with idiographic measures in therapy.

Understanding studentification dynamics in low-income neighbourhoods: Students as gentrifiers in Concepción (Chile)

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (14) ◽  
pp. 2863-2879 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Prada
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
University System ◽  
Urban Contexts

The studentification of neighbourhoods in university towns is a topic addressed in several studies, together with its varied effects. However, there are no contributions to this issue from the Latin American sphere, where the increase in the student population in recent decades constitutes one of the main sociodemographic changes of the region. This article analyses and interprets the changes produced in a marginal area, the neighbourhood of Agüita de la Perdiz (Concepción, Chile), as a consequence of the arrival of university students. From the application of a methodology that combines the use of quantitative and qualitative data, results obtained confirm the existence of some transformations similar to other case studies, together with other particular ones, explainable by the socially peripheral character and the informal origin of the neighbourhood analysed. Likewise, the quality of the Chilean university system would suppose segregation between students with more or less resources at the time for looking at lodging, so the profile of the students who stay in the neighbourhood is well defined. The conclusions indicate an emerging type of gentrification whose trigger was the arrival of students; an improving of the image of the neighbourhood is also observed in parallel to a deterioration of neighbourhood links. The study of this case contributes with new elements on the varied and dynamic effects of studentification in ‘peripheral’ urban contexts.

Perceived Parental Rearing Behaviours, Responsibility Attitudes and Life Events as Predictors of Obsessive Compulsive Symptomatology: Test of a Cognitive Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikem Haciomeroglu ◽  
A. Nuray Karanci
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Mediator Role ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Parental Rearing ◽  
The Relationship

Background: It is important to investigate the role of cognitive, developmental and environmental factors in the development and maintenance of Obsessive Compulsive Symptomatology (OCS). Aims: The main objective of this study was to examine the vulnerability factors of OCS in a non-clinical sample. On the basis of Salkovskis’ cognitive model of OCD, the study aimed to investigate the role of perceived parental rearing behaviours, responsibility attitudes, and life events in predicting OCS. Furthermore, the mediator role of responsibility attitudes in the relationship between perceived parental rearing behaviours and OCS was examined. Finally, the specificity of these variables to OCS was evaluated by examining the relationship of the same variables with depression and trait anxiety. Method: A total of 300 university students (M = 19.55±1.79) were administered the Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision, Responsibility Attitudes Scale, s-EMBU (My memories of upbringing), Life Events Inventory for University Students, Beck Depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Form. Results: Regression analysis revealed that perceived mother overprotection, responsibility attitudes and life events significantly predicted OCS. Furthermore, responsibility attitudes mediated the relationship between perceived mother overprotection and OCS. The predictive role of perceived mother overprotection and the mediator role responsibility attitudes were OCS specific. Conclusions: The findings of the present study supported that perceived mother over-protection as a developmental vulnerability factor significantly contributed to the explanation of a cognitive vulnerability factor (namely responsibility attitudes), and perceived maternal overprotection had its predictive role for OCS through responsibility attitudes.

Surprise as a conceptual category

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kövecses
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Conceptual Category ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Lexical Approach ◽  
Emotion Concepts ◽  
English I

In this paper, I examine the concept of surprise from a cognitive linguistic perspective. As previous studies indicate, surprise is a not-quite-prototypical emotion category. My focus will be on the structure and content of surprise as an emotion category, as this can be revealed on the basis of the language speakers of English use to talk about it. As regards methodology, I will follow my earlier work and employ a “lexical approach” to emotion concepts (see, e.g., Kövecses, 1986, 1990, 2000) to explore the language-based folk model of surprise in English. I will investigate the conceptual metaphors and metonymies associated with surprise and will propose a cognitive model for the emotion. It is hoped that this methodology enables us to see why surprise is not a prototypical emotion concept on a par with, for example, anger or fear.

scholarly journals An Essential Concept for the Turkish Higher Education Area: "Competition"

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Tamtekin Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
University Students ◽  
Student Population ◽  
The State ◽  
University Student ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Turkish Higher Education

In 2000, Turkey had 1.5 million university students at 71 universities, whereas today, it has a much broader field of higher education with a university student population of over seven million at more than 200 universities. Although this quantitative expansion has brought some advantages, it has also created several problems, the most significant of which have emerged in terms of "quality". Whether quality increases in parallel with this expansion is an essential issue to consider. This paper emphasizes that HE institutions need to focus on "competition" to support the quantitative expansion in the field of Turkish HE with qualitative improvement. For this purpose, first, the state of the Turkish HE was overviewed from past to present. Next, the importance of "competition" for Turkish HE was highlighted and the two fundamental theories of competition were discussed by reviewing the related literature. Finally, a theoretical model based on the factors obtained through an assessment of how these theories can be applied to HE was presented.

Conceptual metaphor variation in meaning interpretation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Onysko
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
Meaning Interpretation

Abstract This paper contributes to research on metaphor variation in the context of world Englishes from a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Starting with a discussion of the dissonance between universality and cultural specificity in conceptual metaphor research, basic dimensions of variation are outlined that are relevant to conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). These dimensions inform a continuum of variation in CMT that ranges from basic conceptualizations (as primary metaphors) to the surface level of language use (as metaphorical expressions). The empirical part of the paper takes heed of this continuum of variation and outlines the methodological choices relevant to the description of conceptual metaphors in an associative task. The data are based on meaning interpretations given to novel English compounds by Māori and non-Māori speakers of New Zealand English. The results of the task highlight that Māori-English bilinguals apply a greater range of different conceptual metaphors compared to non-Māori bilingual and monolingual speakers of English. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for further research on metaphor variation in Aotearoa New Zealand and world Englishes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document