Effect of aflatoxin B1 on digestibility and blood parameters in horses

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of mycotoxins on the digestion of nutrients and on the hematological profile of horses. Twelve horses were used in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and four replicates. Aliquots of 50 or 100 µg kg-1 of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were added to a basal diet naturally containing mycotoxins. The basal diet did not contain AFB1. The 40-day evaluation included a 12-day adaptation period and a 28-day experimental period. A digestion test was carried out at the end of the experimental period, using the partial stool collection method, using LIPE® as an indicator. Blood samples were collected once a week during 4 weeks of the essay for hematological and biochemical evaluations. The amounts of mycotoxins added did not influence the intake and digestibility of the nutrients (P>0.05). The aflatoxins in the diet influenced the white blood cell count, especially mature neutrophils and the creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase (P <0.05), which had higher activity in horses fed diets with greater toxicity.

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Horses fed meal contaminated with mycotoxins performing short-term exercises

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

pp. 717-725

Author(s):

Auro César Braga ◽

Fernando Q. Almeida ◽

Vinicius P. Silva ◽

Maria I.V. Almeida ◽

Kelly M. Keller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Test ◽

Interval Training ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Warm Up ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽

Experimental Stage

ABSTRACT: This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of mycotoxins on the performance of horses through physiological parameters, and hematology and serum biochemistry analyses. The essay lasted 40 days, with 12 days for adaptation and 28 days of experimentation. In the experimental stage, the horses were distributed in a completely randomized design, with three treatments with four animals each. The treatments used were 0 (control), 50 ppb and 100 ppb of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) added to a concentrate in a basal diet. The basal diet contained mycotoxins from feedstuffs naturally contaminated. The exercise test was performed over the 21th day of the experimental stage. The exercise consisted in an interval training test with a warm-up of 17 mins at a trot followed by three gallops of 450m/min. The heart rate was monitored between the gallops. Before the exercise test and immediately after the third gallop, the physiological and blood parameters were evaluated, and continued up to 48 hours after the exercise. The results of the physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The presence of AFB1 in the diet influenced the alkaline phosphatase activity, which presented higher values in horses fed diet with inclusion of 100 ppb AFB1, suggesting a hepatotoxic activity associated with the others mycotoxins naturally present in the feedstuffs.

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Use of different combinations of enzyme complexes in broiler diets

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n5p2907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 2903-2924

Author(s):

Lindolfo Dorcino dos Santos Neto ◽

◽

Julyana Machado da Silva Martins ◽

Genilson Bezerra de Carvalho ◽

Roberto Moraes Jardim Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basal Diet ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Enzyme Complex ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Final Weight ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Enzyme Complexes

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of “on top” addition of different enzyme complexes, the enzyme α-galactosidase and three sources of the enzyme phytase available on the market, in broiler diets. In the first experiment, 1260 one-day-old Cobb 500® chicks were distributed into seven treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates and 30 birds/replicate. Treatments consisted of combinations of different enzyme complexes, namely, complex A (phytase, protease, xylanase, ß-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, pectinase), complex B (protease and cellulase) and complex C (xylanase, amylase and protease); isolated α-galactosidase (GAL); and three sources of phytase (P1, P2 and P3) in the diet. The treatments were formulated as follows: T1 - basal diet (BD); T2 - BD + enzyme complex A + enzyme complex B (BDAB); T3 - BDAB + GAL; T4 - BD + complex A + GAL; T5 - BD + complex C + P1 + GAL (BDCG); T6 - BDCG + P2; and T7 - BDCG + P3. The following variables were measured in the experimental period of 42 days: feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), average final weight (AFW), feed conversion (FC), and carcass yield. Significant differences occurred for AFW, WG and FC in the pre-starter phase. In the second experiment, 112 Cobb 500® chicks aged 25 days were distributed into seven treatments in a CRD with four replicates and four birds/replicate. Treatments were the same as in the first experiment. Nutrient digestibility was evaluated in an experimental period of seven days. Differences were found in the metabolism coefficient of ether extract (MCEE). Dietary inclusion of enzyme complexes improves the AFW and WG of chickens from 1 to 7 days of age and MCEE in the grower phase.

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Dietary lutein supplementation on diet digestibility and blood parameters of dogs

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20151493 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 2195-2201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laís Guimarães Alarça ◽

Fabiane Yukiko Murakami ◽

Ananda Portella Félix ◽

Everton Luis Krabbe ◽

Simone Gisele de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽

Test Group ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Proliferation Index ◽

Total Lymphocyte ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

In The Beginning

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the digestibility and the immunomodulatory effects of diets supplemented with lutein in dogs. Sixteen adult dogs were distributed in two groups (control and test) in a completely randomized design. Dogs were fed for 120 days with iso-nutritive diets, which only difference was the inclusion of 45g lutein/kg in the diet fed to the test group. Blood samples were collected in the beginning and at the end of the experimental period to evaluate total lymphocyte, lymphocyte proliferation index, and CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts. In order to evaluate apparent diet digestibility, dogs were housed in metabolic cages for ten days (five days of adaptation and five for faeces total collection). Coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility were not different between dogs in the control and the lutein-fed groups. Lutein dietary supplementation did not influence total lymphocyte or lymphocyte proliferation index, but resulted in higher CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte numbers. Lutein supplementation did not affect diet digestibility or lymphocyte proliferation index in dogs. However, it increases the concentrations of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subtypes.

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Alternatives to the use of antibiotics for laying hens in growing phase

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v50i4.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 553-563

Author(s):

S.M.C. Tfaile ◽

J.E. De Moraes ◽

F.E.L. Budiño ◽

D.F. Soares ◽

N.Y. Sitanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

Immunological Response ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Rapid Decomposition ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Microbiological Analyses ◽

Antibiotic Residue

This study evaluated the performance, immune response to vaccination, digestive organs, intestinal histomorphometry, and microbiological development in the diet and litter of Isa Brown strains at growing receiving phase alternative additives in the place of antibiotics. Four treatments were arrayed in a completely randomized design: T1) Basal diet without antibiotics, T2) Basal diet with antibiotics, T3) Basal diet with probiotics, and T4) Basal diet without antibiotics and water modified by a photoelectron generator. There were six replications of eight birds each and thus a total of 192 birds. Performance was evaluated for eight weeks and during this period blood samples were collected at 9, 12 and 15 weeks of age for serological evaluation. At the end of the experimental period, 24 birds were euthanized, collecting the intestinal tract and later performing histomorphometry. Microbiological analyses were performed in the experimental diets and in the material of the litter of the boxes. The results obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and the contrast between treatment means when significant by Tukey’s test. The results indicate that the replacement of antibiotics with T3 or T4 did not interfere negatively (P >0.05) in the performance of the birds, immunological response, viscera analyses and intestinal histomorphometry. In addition, use of T3 and T4 might lead to more rapid decomposition of excreta and reduce antibiotic residue in the soil when the litter is used in crop production.Keywords: dileka, Gallus domesticus, histomorphometry, laying hens, probiotics, serum biochemistry, water

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166 Optimal tryptophan:lysine Ratio for 25–40 Kg Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing 35 % Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 57-58

Author(s):

Maryane S Sespere Faria Oliveira ◽

John K Htoo ◽

J Caroline González-Vega ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Basal Diet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

High Concentration ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Distillers Dried Grains ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has a high concentration of Leu, and the Trp requirement for growing pigs may be increased if diets contain excess Leu. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio in growing pigs fed diets with excess Leu from DDGS. A diet based on corn, soybean-meal, and 35% DDGS was formulated to be deficient in Trp and Lys, according to NRC requirements (0.13% SID Trp; 0.88% SID Lys; 15% SID Trp:Lys ratio). Four diets were prepared by adding L-Trp to the basal diet, which resulted in analyzed SID Trp:Lys ratios of 18, 20, 23, and 24% in these diets. One-hundred and twenty growing pigs (26.3 ± 2.0 kg) were allotted to one of the 5 dietary treatments with 3 pigs per pen and 8 pen replicates in a completely randomized design. Diets were fed for 21d and blood samples were collected on d-21. Data were analyzed by linear and quadratic contrasts in SAS. The optimal SID Trp:Lys ratio was estimated using linear broken-line (LBL) and quadratic broken-line (QBL) regressions for ADG and G:F, using NLIN procedure in SAS. Results indicated that average daily feed intake, ADG, G:F, and final body weight increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) and plasma-urea-nitrogen decreased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) as dietary SID Trp:Lys increased (Table 1). The SID Trp:Lys ratio to optimize ADG was 20.9 and 23.4% by LBL and QBL, respectively. The G:F was optimized at 18.7 and 20.2% by LBL and QBL, respectively. The average SID Trp:Lys ratio for the 4 measurements was 20.8% which is greater than the current NRC requirement (SID 17.3%). In conclusion, diets formulated with 35% DDGS may need more dietary Trp than current NRC values.

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Haematological and serum biochemical indices of growing rabbits fed graded levels of Yam peel meal as replacement for maize

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v47i4.67 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 167-175

Author(s):

I. B. Amaza ◽

A. Maidala ◽

C. E. Isidahomen

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Feeding Trial ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Biochemical Indices ◽

Dietary Treatments

Haematological and serum biochemical parameters are indicators of physiological, nutritional and pathological status of animals. Investigation of these parameters provide information for diagnostic purposes. The study was conducted to determine the influence of feeding graded levels of yam peel meal (YPM) as a replacement for maize on haematology; blood chemistry was evaluated in rabbits. Thirty- six (New Zealand white X Chinchilla) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with nine rabbits per treatment. The rabbits were fed diets containing 0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5% of Yam peel meal (YPM) as a replacement for maize, designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The experimental diets and clean drinking water were supplied ad libitum throughout the experimental period of nine weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, three rabbits per treatment were randomly selected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis. All the haematological and serum biochemical indices except AST were affected (P<0.05) by dietary inclusion of YPM. Although most of the parameters investigated were affected by rabbits fed test ingredient, the values fell within the normal literature reference values for rabbits. It can therefore be concluded that up to 37.5% inclusion level of YPM can be fed to growing rabbits without deleterious effects on health status.

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Changes in Productive Performance, Blood Metabolites and Hematological Parameters of Growing Lambs Supplemented with Two Sources of Choline

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-1385 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J.A. Martínez-García ◽

J.C. Garcia-Lopez ◽

P.A. Hernández-García ◽

G.D. Mendoza-Martínez ◽

A. Vázquez-Valladolid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Live Weight ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Metabolic Functions ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dark Color ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Oral Doses ◽

Daily Gain

Background: Choline is a nutrient with numerous metabolic functions, but its requirements for ruminants are unknown. The supplementation with bypass choline could enhance productivity. Methods: Twenty-four male lambs (Rambouillet 23.5 kg±3.17 kg initial BW) were fed a basal diet with treatments which consisted of a control and oral doses of ruminally-protected choline (4 g/d RPC) and plant-based choline (4 g/d Biocholine) in a completely randomized design with initial weight as a covariate. The experiment was conducted for 42 days during which live weight, dry matter intake, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites and basic hemograms were measured. Result: The daily gain in lambs was similar between treatments. Intake was higher in lambs given Biocholine (1.32 kg/d). The L* (represents the light to dark color) value and mineral content in the meat were improved with both sources of choline. Blood triglycerides increased by RPC compared with the other treatments and cholesterol was reduced by Biocholine. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity decreased by effect of choline. Hematological parameters were affected by choline supplementation regardless of the source; erythrocyte, monocytes and lymphocytes count decreased with both sources of choline in growing lambs.

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Digestibility and bioavailability of phosphorus from spray-dried yeasts in the diet of starting pigs (15-30 kg)

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402013000200006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 308-321

Author(s):

Lina Maria Peñuela Sierra ◽

Ivan Moreira ◽

Antonio Claudio Furlan ◽

Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽

Ângela Rocio Poveda Parra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Live Weight ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Relative Bioavailability ◽

Mean Value ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Standard Curve ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Spray Dried

Two experiments were carried out to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus in two spray-dried yeasts - sugarcane yeast (SCY), and sugarcane yeast + brewer's yeast (SCBY) - in starting pigs, by comparing different methods (Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - ADCP; True Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - TDCP; slope ratio; and standard curve). In experiment I, a digestibility assay were carried out using 30 cross breed pig with initial weigh of 22.69 ± 4.24kg, allotted in a completely randomized design. The mean ADCP and TDCP values were 62.68 and 64.15% for SCY and 77.01 and 79.33% for SCBY. ADCP and TDCP for SCBY were higher (P<0.05) than the values for SCY. In Experiment II, a growth test was conducted, 56 crossbred piglets, were utilized, with initial live weight of 15.11 ± 3.43kg, allotted in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments, four replications, and two pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without supplementation with P and the same diet including supplementation with two levels of P (0.053% and 0.105%) from dicalcium phosphate, SCY and SCBY. The relative bioavailability mean value of 57.23% for SCY and 91.96% for SCBY, corresponding to 0.30% and 0.40% of available phosphorus, respectively.

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Semi purified glycerins in growing and finishing pigs feeding (30-90 kg)

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402014000100018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 221-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Liliane Maria Piano Gonçalves ◽

Ivan Moreira ◽

Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽

Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽

Juliana Beatriz Toledo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Oil ◽

Control Diet ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Performance Results

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value and to evaluate the performance and carcass traits in the growing-finishing pigs fed on two types of semipurified glycerin, which were made from vegetable oil (SPGV) and mixed of animal + vegetable oil (SPGM). In the digestibility trial (experiment I) 32 crossbreed barrows were used with initial body weight of 45.08 ± 4.11kg. It were used three levels of inclusion (6, 12 e 18%) of semipurified glycerin (SPGV and SPGM) in the basal diet. The metabolizable energy (ME) value of glycerin were estimated by regression of ME (kcal/kg) intake associated with glycerin vs. glycerin intake (kg). The values of ME (kcal/kg) obtained were: 2,731 for SPGV and 2,210 for SPGM. In experiment II, 72 pigs (30.08 ± 1.65 to 60.58 ± 3.57) in growing and (60.83 ± 2.63 to 93.79 ± 5.72) in finishing phase, were allotted in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with two types of semipurified glycerin (SPGV and SPGA), four inclusion levels (4; 8; 12 and 16%), eight experimental unit and a control diet containing no glycerin (0%). All pigs were slaughtered to evaluate the carcass traits. The performance results suggest that it is feasible to use up to 16% of both semipurified glycerins on growing and finishing pigs feeding, without impairing performance and carcass traits.

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PSVII-14 Feeding carbohydrases to grazing beef cattle under different nutritional strategies on dry season: Ruminal fermentation

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.801 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 449-450

Author(s):

Anderson Acosta ◽

Guilherme S Vasconcellos ◽

Alexandre Perdigão ◽

Victor Valério de Carvalho ◽

Tiago S Acedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Dry Season ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Beta Glucanase ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Nutritional Strategies

Abstract The aim with this trial was to evaluate two nutritional plans with the addition of carbohydrases enzyme blend (CEB) on ruminal fermentation of grazing Nellore bulls in dry season. Five rumen cannulated Nellore steers (BW = 350 kg) were used. Animals were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence in a 5×5 Latin square experiment with 15 d-periods (10 d to diet adaptation and 5 d for data collection), following a completely randomized design, being the treatments: mineral-proteic supplementation (Fosbovi® Proteico 35; PS) offered at 0,1% BW (0 or 4.75 g/animal/day of CEB) or mineral-protein-energetic supplementation (Fosbovi® Proteico-Energético 25; PES) offered at 0.3% BW (0, 4.75 or 9.50 g/animal/day of CEB). The CEB was mainly composed by beta-glucanase and xylanase enzymes (Ronozyme® VP and Ronozyme® WX). Both enzymes and supplements were provided by DSM Nutritional Products Brasil S.A. Rumen fluid samples were collected on the last day of each experimental period before (0), and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after supplements were offered. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Steers fed PSE had greater (P ≤ 0.041) rumen concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and lower (P = 0.028) acetate to propionate ratio in comparison with animals fed PS. Rumen acetate concentrations were 61.6 and 58.8 mmol/L and rumen propionate concentrations were 15.2 and 13.7 mmol/L for animals under the PSE and PS, respectively. A quadratic effect (P = 0.048) for carbohydrases enzyme blend was observed in NH3-N ruminal concentration of PES animals, where 4.75 g/day level presented the lower concentrations compared to control (24.13 vs. 32.20 mg/dL). Furthermore, rumen concentrations of acetate (P = 0.002) and propionate (P = 0.021) linearly increased with enzymes inclusion for PSE plan. PSE nutritional strategy positively influence ruminal fermentation of Nellore steers in dry season and its effects can be enhanced with CEB inclusion of 4.75 g/day.

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