scholarly journals Os povos tribais da convenção 169 da OIT

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-179
Author(s):  
Carlos Frederico Marés de Souza Filho

A Convenção 169 da OIT tem como destinatário os povos indígenas, quilombolas e demais povos tradicionais existentes nos Estados independentes. Historicamente a OIT tratou estes povos como trabalhadores que deveriam ser integrados ao mercado de trabalho e, portanto, objeto de políticas públicas de pleno emprego. A partir de 1989 houve uma mudança de postura da OIT para definir direitos de existência coletiva e garantia de territorialidade capaz de manter o modo de vida destes povos, sejam conceituados como indígenas ou tribais. No Brasil o reconhecimento destes direitos aos povos indígenas e quilombolas é claro na legislação, mas assim não é para outros tradicionais, que igualmente têm estes direitos e necessitam de reconhecimento, nos exatos termos da Convenção. Abstract The Convention 169/ILO is in order to the indigenous peoples, quilombolas and other traditional peoples existing in the independent states. Historically, the ILO has treated these peoples as workers who should be integrated into the labor market and therefore the subject of full employment public policies. Since 1989 there has been a shift in the ILO's position to define rights of collective existence and guarantee of territoriality capable of maintaining the way of life of these peoples, whether considered as indigenous or not. In the Brazilian case the recognition of these rights to the indigenous and quilombolas is clear, but not always, mistakenly, is recognized to the other traditional peoples.

1938 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Corder ◽  
I. A. Richmond

The Roman Ermine Street, having crossed the Humber on the way to York from Lincoln, leaves Brough Haven on its west side, and the little town of Petuaria to the east. For the first half-mile northwards from the Haven its course is not certainly known: then, followed by the modern road, it runs northwards through South Cave towards Market Weighton. In the area thus traversed by the Roman road burials of the Roman age have already been noted in sufficient quantity to suggest an extensive cemetery. The interment which is the subject of the present note was found on 10th October 1936, when men laying pipes at right angles to the modern road, in the carriage-drive of Mr. J. G. Southam, having cut through some 4 ft. of blown sand, came upon a mass of mixed Roman pottery, dating from the late first to the fourth century A.D. Bones of pig, dog, sheep, and ox were also represented. Presently, at a depth of about 5 ft., something attracted closer attention. A layer of thin limestone slabs was found, covering two human skeletons, one lying a few feet from the west margin of the modern road, the other parallel with the road and some 8 ft. from its edge. The objects described below were found with the second skeleton, and the first to be discovered was submitted by Mr. Southam to Mr. T. Sheppard, F.S.A.Scot., Director of the Hull Museums, who visited the site with his staff. All that can be recorded of the circumstances of the discovery is contained in the observations then made, under difficult conditions. ‘Slabs of hard limestone’, it was reported, ‘taken from a local quarry of millepore oolite and forming the original Roman road, were distinctly visible beneath the present roadway—one of the few points where the precise site of the old road has been located. On the side of this… a burial-place has been constructed. What it was like originally it is difficult to say, beyond that a layer of thin … slabs of limestone occurred over the skeletons. This had probably been kept in place or supported by some structure of wood, as several large iron nails, some bent at right angles, were among the bones.’ If this were all that could be said about the burials, they would hardly merit a place in these pages. The chief interest of the record would be its apparent identification of the exact course of the Roman road at a point where this had hitherto been uncertain. Three objects associated with the second skeleton are, however, of exceptional interest.


Author(s):  
Silvina Cornaglia ◽  
Ariel Hernán Vercelli

En el artículo se analiza qué lugar ocupa y cómo se desarrolló la ciberdefensa dentro del sistema de defensa de la República Argentina. Para ello, se relevan y analizan las normas que se han producido sobre la temática durante el período 2006 – 2015. El estudio permite observar que dos instituciones han sido las más activas: por un lado, se destacan las regulaciones del Ministerio de Defensa y, por el otro, las regulaciones de la Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros. La investigación tiene una doble finalidad. En primer lugar, favorecer un mayor nivel de sistematicidad legislativa en materia de ciberdefensa. En segundo lugar, producir información sustantiva para la elaboración de políticas públicas y actividades regionales de colaboración. El artículo es parte de una investigación mayor abocada al análisis de las diferentes formas de regular el ciberespacio.ABSTRACTThe article analyzes the place and how cyberdefense was developed within the defense system of República Argentina. To this end, the norms that have been produced on the subject during 2006 - 2015 are relieved and analyzed. The study shows that two institutions have been the most active: on one hand, stand out the regulations of the Ministerio de Defensa, and, on the other, the regulations of the Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros. The research has a double purpose. Firstly, to favor a greater level of legislative systemacyin cyberdefense. Second, to produce substantive information for the elaboration of public policies and regional collaboration activities. The article is part of a larger investigation focused on the analysis of the different ways of regulating cyberspace.


Author(s):  
Neal Robinson

Ibn al-‘Arabi was a mystic who drew on the writings of Sufis, Islamic theologians and philosophers in order to elaborate a complex theosophical system akin to that of Plotinus. He was born in Murcia (in southeast Spain) in AH 560/ad 1164, and died in Damascus in AH 638/ad 1240. Of several hundred works attributed to him the most famous are al-Futuhat al-makkiyya (The Meccan Illuminations) and Fusus al-hikam (The Bezels of Wisdom). The Futuhat is an encyclopedic discussion of Islamic lore viewed from the perspective of the stages of the mystic path. It exists in two editions, both completed in Damascus – one in AH 629/ad 1231 and the other in AH 636/ad 1238 – but the work was conceived in Mecca many years earlier, in the course of a vision which Ibn al-‘Arabi experienced near the Kaaba, the cube-shaped House of God which Muslims visit on pilgrimage. Because of its length, this work has been relatively neglected. The Fusus, which is much shorter, comprises twenty-seven chapters named after prophets who epitomize different spiritual types. Ibn al-‘Arabi claimed that he received it directly from Muhammad, who appeared to him in Damascus in AH 627/ad 1229. It has been the subject of over forty commentaries. Although Ibn al-‘Arabi was primarily a mystic who believed that he possessed superior divinely-bestowed knowledge, his work is of interest to the philosopher because of the way in which he used philosophical terminology in an attempt to explain his inner experience. He held that whereas the divine Essence is absolutely unknowable, the cosmos as a whole is the locus of manifestation of all God’s attributes. Moreover, since these attributes require the creation for their expression, the One is continually driven to transform itself into Many. The goal of spiritual realization is therefore to penetrate beyond the exterior multiplicity of phenomena to a consciousness of what subsequent writers have termed the ‘unity of existence’. This entails the abolition of the ego or ‘passing away from self’ (fana’) in which one becomes aware of absolute unity, followed by ‘perpetuation’ (baqa’) in which one sees the world as at once One and Many, and one is able to see God in the creature and the creature in God.


1983 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
C. Stephen Finley

The poet – speaker of Book 1 ofThe Ring and the Bookbelieved that the first two monologues of his grand poem balanced one another. In his preview of the monologues, he writes that Half-Rome and Other Half-Rome are equally unsuccessful in their efforts to find the truth of the murder story. The speakers possess an “opposite feel” for the truth, but each achieves a “like swerve, like unsuccess” (I.883–84). Although Other Half-Rome succeeds in being on the right side of the issue, Browning as poet-speaker considers his defense of Pompilia to be the result only of luck or a “fancy-fit.” This “fancy-fit” is a mood which inclines the speaker to choose Pompilia as it might incline him to choose between two runners in a race according to the colors of their scarves (1.885–92). Browning sets this speech by a Bernini fountain, one where Triton blows water through a conch: “Puffs up steel sleet which breaks to diamond dust” (1.900). The poet may have intended this setting to suggest the way in which he views the language and imagery that Other Half-Rome uses to tell his story. The speaker's mixture of Christian and classical mythology and his concern for the painterly qualities of Pompilia's deathbed scene do suggest an aesthetic temperament. The poet may have considered the speech of such a man to be “diamond dust” signifying nothing. In any case, the poet-speaker of Book 1 concludes his description of Other Half-Rome by saying, with apparent sarcasm, that to this speaker Pompilia “seemed a saint and martyr both” (1.909). This assessment of Other Half-Rome has been the subject of disagreement among commentators on the poem.


Antichthon ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 58-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Burton

AbstractThis paper discusses a series of archaic poems in which one poet responds directly to the work of another, identifying the other by name or by direct allusion (for example, Simonides frag. 542 PMG, Solon frag. 20 West, Sappho frag. 137 Voigt). Such responses often disagree with their models, and this disagreement is frequently constructed in terms of a correction, not only to the subject matter, but also to the way in which the original is composed. These responses, therefore, not only reflect the pattern of improvisation and ‘capping’ common to much Greek poetry, but form an ongoing debate on the nature and role of the poet and his poetry. The construction of such responses also serves to underline both the importance of improvisation and the permanency of the fame conveyed by the completed poem.


Author(s):  
Alina Badulescu ◽  
Daniel Badulescu

AbstractThe subject of entrepreneurial attitudes, orientation and potential of young students is one of great interest in approaching the way public policies can be designed in order to support and foster entrepreneurship among students. In addressing this need - with focus on doctoral students, and in the framework of other similar approaches in literature, we have conducted a survey in January 2012 and developed a sample-based study. The papers aims to present and defend the results of this study, by emphasizing Romanian doctoral students’ attitudes and facts concerning issues such as: entrepreneurial background, interest in entering entrepreneurship, on-going steps if any, factors and motivations driving the choice of an entrepreneurial career. There are also investigated some personal characteristics (age, gender, family status) in relation with entrepreneurial approaches and there are also presented concluding remarks and policy recommendations.


Satya Widya ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Ika Wulansari

This study aims to find out how caregivers in helping children to develop or build discipline from an early age conducted by 3 caregivers of the Orphanage of the White Cross on the Orphanage Children of the White Cross especially against one early childhood. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative with case study method, data collection by interview and data analysis with qualitative. In this study there are 3 subjects that help one child in building discipline. The results of the study show that the discipline of children is increasing from previously unattended discipline until now already have good discipline, in building discipline. The way in which the subject tends to be different from the other caregivers. Subjects do not use corporal punishment and it is done in a better way. The way the subject tends to be a subtle way with good advice, real stories, habits, good examples, daily schedules made, gift giving to children.  


ALQALAM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
E. ZAENAL MUTTAQIN

Daudi Bohras as a prominent Shiite Ismaili sect in India has been recognized as a modern Islamic society. Despite their traditional Islamic Shiite custom which is brought up from their ancestry, yet the people of Bohras has a distinct perspective toward Islam as the way of life. Unlike the other Shiite sects that put themselves on a distance to the modernity, Bohras people are able to cooperate within the modern issues in the frame of traditional. Mullah, or Da'i Mutlaq played an important role as a top cleric leader in guiding his people according to their rules. Indeed, Da'i Mutlaq, who is recognized as a representative of imam (leader of Shiite Islam), has successfully combined the outlook of his people in defining Islam in their cultural frame. Therefore, it is an intriguing phenomenon to be observed This paper is, as a matter of fact, Jonah Blanks anthropological work used as a main reference. Keywords: Daudi Bohra, Shiite, India


Author(s):  
Mauricio Amorim ◽  
Monica Sousa

Resumo: O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o controle judicial das políticas públicas. Para tanto, será explanado o conceito doutrinário dessas políticas, bem como a delimitação da seara política na qual se desenvolvem. Uma breve abordagem da divisão dos poderes será necessária, com vistas a melhor definir o que pode ser considerado como ativismo judicial. Sobre este mesmo tema do ativismo, será demonstrado que não existe um consenso em sua classificação, mas que esta depende do tempo e lugar a ser analisado. Uma relevante discussão sobre a Teoria da Reserva do Possível é demonstrada, bem como a possibilidade ou não da sua utilização quando da análise da legitimidade da intervenção judicial na esfera de atuação dos demais poderes da república. Por fim, será estudado o tema da intervenção judicial na atualidade, e suas possíveis consequências para a democracia.Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas; Ativismo judicial; Reserva do possível.                                Abstract:This study aims to analyze the judicial control of public policies. Thus, the doctrinal concept of these policies will be explained, and the delimitation of political harvest and develops. A brief overview of the division of powers is necessary, in order to better define what can be considered as judicial activism. About this same theme of activism, will be shown that there is no consensus on their classification, but it depends on the time and place to be analyzed. A relevant discussion on the possible Reserve Theory is demonstrated, as well as whether or not their use when analyzing the legitimacy of judicial intervention in the sphere of activities of the other two branches of government. Finally, the subject of judicial intervention at the present time will be studied, and their possible consequences for democracy.Keywords: Public policy; Judicial activism; Possible reserve theory. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
I Made Adi Wirawan ◽  
I Ketut Sumadi ◽  
I Gede Suwindia

<p><em>This research focuses on the study of the Kaṭha Upaniṣad text and its implementation in social life. The Kaṭha Upaniṣad is one of the important books among the other Upanishad books. This book also contains many teachings of Hindu theology and divine philosophy. Ātman and Brahman are important discussions in the Kaṭha Upaniṣad. The philosophical side of the Kaṭha Upaniṣad is closely related to human concepts and the way of life to be free from suffering. The Kaṭha Upaniṣad offers a unique perspective by understanding the main character of mankind, namely Ātman (God within oneself). The most tangible context of the Kaṭha Upaniṣad teachings can be seen in the Sai Study Group (SSG) Denpasar. Sai Baba’s discourses do not indeed refer to the Kaṭha Upaniṣad as the main reference, but every activity at the Sai Study Group Denpasar has an alignment with the Vedic teachings.</em></p>


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