scholarly journals Histopathological changes in the internal organs of female striped gourami (Trichogaster fasciata) exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of salt water

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
WATINI REZA ◽  
MD. TAREQUL ISLAM ◽  
MD. HELAL UDDIN ◽  
KIZAR AHMED SUMON ◽  
HARUNUR RASHID
Keyword(s):  
Water Exchange ◽  
Renal Tubule ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Hepatic Rupture ◽  
Water Holding

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of climate induced salinity on histoarchitecture of liver, kidney and ovary tissue of female striped gourami (Trichogaster fasciata) exposed tothree sub-lethal concentrations (3, 6 and 9 ppt) of crude salt along with a control group (0 ppt) for a periodof 30 days. The 96-h LC50 value of crude salt for striped gourami was previously estimated as 11.107 ppt. Toconduct the experiment 12 plastic tanks each having 70L water holding capacity were used for the fourtreatments with three replications for each. Water exchange was done on every 10th day and crude salt wasused to maintain desired salinity. Several histopathological changes were observed in fish liver, kidney andovary exposed to different concentrations of salinity. Increasing necrosis, hemorrhage, hepatic rupture,melano-macrophage cells, degenerated cell and vacuums in the liver tissue were found in salt water treatedgroups. Similarly, a number of changes such as, vacuole, cellular degeneration, hemorrhage, disintegratedglomeruli, destructed renal tubule and extensive vacuolein were observed in the kidney tissue of salt watertreated groups. Degenerated oocyte, inter-follicular space, disrupted oocytes, etc. were observed in ovarywith increasing concentration of salinity and time of exposures. Physiological and metabolic dysfunctionsmight have happened to female stripped gourami due to changes in vital internal organs like liver, kidney andovary. Therefore, the present research further suggested that climate induced salinity intrusion is capable ofstressing freshwater fishes resulting in deformities of liver, kidney and ovary.

Carvacrol attenuates amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atta Mohammad Dost ◽  
Mehmet Gunata ◽  
Onural Ozhan ◽  
Azibe Yildiz ◽  
Nigar Vardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Per Oral

Abstract Amikacin (AK) is frequently used in the treatment of gram-negative and some gram-positive infections. However, its use is limited due to nephrotoxicity due to the increase in reactive oxygen radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of carvacrol (CAR) against AK-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Thirty-two Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (Vehicle), AK (400 mg/kg), CAR + AK (80 mg/kg CAR + 400 mg/kg AK), and AK + CAR (400 mg/kg AK + 80 mg/kg CAR) groups. AK and CAR were administered via intramuscular and per-oral for 7 days, respectively. Blood and kidney tissue samples were taken at the end of the experiment. Renal function and histopathological changes were compared, and the relevant parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation were detected. Histopathological findings (necrotic changes and dilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration) significantly increased in the AK group compared to the control group. Also, the rats in the AK group lost weight significantly. It was found that CAR treatment before and after AK significantly improved nephrotoxicity histopathologically (p < 0.05). However, this improvement was not detected biochemically. These results show that CAR treatment before and after AK improves nephrotoxicity in the histopathological level.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PATHOGENICITY BETWEEN ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS AND PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM IN MICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Yassein
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

This study was conducted to compare between two types of opportunistic fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum) in concerning their pathogenicity after intraperitoneal inoculation of mice. A total of twenty four male albino mice were used in this study which divided equally into 3 groups, The first and second groups were inoculated with 0.2ml of 1x 107spores/ml of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum  intraperitonially respectively, while the third group was inoculated with normal saline which served as control group. All animals were monitored for 2 weeks after infection. The blood samples were collected by heart puncture after 18 days post infection to isolate of serum that used for biochemical analysis of liver and kidney functions. After that, all animals were sacrificed. Some internal organs of infected groups (liver, kidney, intestine, heart, spleen and lung) were taken to study the histopathological changes. It was found that there was severe histopathological changes in studied organs of infected mice particularly liver, kidney, spleen and intestine which corresponding with significant variation (p<0.01) in enzyme activities of liver and kidney like (Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Urea and Creatinine). Also, It was found that P. chrysogenum had more impact on these enzymes (15.65 ± 0.78, 135.23 ± 8.75 and 0.928 ± 0.02 respectively) than A. fumigatus (21.70 ± 1.04, 57.91 ± 5.99 and 0.587 ± 0.03 respectively). Therefore, the present study indicated that fungi present in the environment can induce severe inflammation reach to tissue damage in most vital internal organs So, further studies should be performed to determine the specific virulence factors and active components, which are responsible for pathogenesis of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum in spite of the fact that P. chrysogenum can produce antibiotic.

scholarly journals Study of histopathological changes in brian of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii isolated from domestic rabbit

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Raghad Ibraheam Khalil AL-Mahdawi
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Domestic Rabbit ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Dark Blue ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

     The study was designed to determine the infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii in the rabbits and histopathological changes of infected internal organs in mice. A total of 60 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy rabbits from different region of Baghdad city for the serological detection of T. gondii infection. Biological assay in mice was performed by intraperitoneal inoculation of 0.1 ml digested organs suspension, (lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscles, and brain) during the period from October 2013 until July 2014. The results revealed histopathological changes in bioassay mice infected by T. gondii isolated from domestic rabbit, no histopathological changes in the brain of animals of first group1 (control group), but in the group 2 (killed at day 15) the main pathological changes were perivascular perineuronal edema with presence of some degenerated neurons characterized  by shrunken dark blue stained (basophilic) cell bodies. In the animals of the group 2 (killed at day 21) the main brain histopathological changes were Sever congestion of meningeal blood vessels with infiltration of inflammatory cells and focal aggregation of microglial cells with diffuse obvious focal gliosis, whereas, in the same group animals that killed at day 28 the main brain histopathological changes were focal encephalomalacia and edema between molecular and granular layer.

scholarly journals Study of important moulds isolated from milk and its products in Baghdad – with experimental study the pathogenesis of Aspergillus Fumigatus moulds in mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Bushra I. Al-Kaisie
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Group Control

This study was designed to isolate and identify the type of moulds and theirpercentage of distribution with pathological study of highly moulds isolated from(130)samples were included in this study with divided into (30)samples driedmilk,(30).samples baby food ,(30)samples raw milk , (40) samples dairy products .The results revealed the percentage of infection according to total count ofisolation in raw milk were 100 % dairy product 65 %. The most common fungiisolated from raw milk were Asp.niger of 16.2 % Asp. fumigatus of 15 % Asp.flavusof 13.7 % Pencillium spp. 12.5 % . From dairy products were isolated withpercentage of Asp. Fumigatus 34.9% Geotrichum spp . of 23 % ,Asp. nager of 11.5% . Pathological study was carried out to investigate the clinical signs with grosslyand Histopathological changes inoculated with most pathogenic moulds Asp.fumigatus (30)male white swiss mice were used in this study and divided into fourgroups . The first group were injected I/P with 0.2 ml of Asp. fumigatus containing1X105 spores / ml , 4th group (control)given orally 0.2 ml of PBs.Two mice fromeach treated groups and one from each control group were scarified on week (1,2,3,4).the clinical manifestation of the 1st group were at 2nd week showed dyspnea .Mouldisolated from blood and internal organs at third week , with no isolation from 3rdgroup. The Histopathological observations showed presence of degeneration ,necrosis and diffused granuloma in liver, lung , spleen , kidney and hemorrhage withthrombosis in brain and intestine .

Effects of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa bloom on liver of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sumaiya Ahmed ◽  
Bernd Giese ◽  
Volker Schulz ◽  
Md Sagir Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Vascular Proliferation

The effects of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa on the liver of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus were investigated in the laboratory. Four treatments were setup into aquariums for 15 days to investigate the histopathological changes exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa bloom. Fishes of treatment A1 were treated as a control group and given artificial feed. In the three treatments (A2, A3 and A4), the M. aeruginosa cell concentration were 35 × 102, 72 × 102, 149 × 102 colony/ml, respectively. In the control group, no histopathological change was observed. In exposed fish, histopathological alterations were characterized by swollen and granular cytoplasm, vascular proliferation, bile stasis, fatty change and focal necrosis. Histopathological changes were observed within five days of exposure when fish exposed to moderate (72 × 102 colony/ml) to high (149 × 102 colony/ml) bloom concentration, whereas it took 15 days in lower concentration (35 × 102 colony/ml). Histopathological changes proved that intake of toxic M. aeruginosa bloom by aquatic animals, particularly Nile tilapia has significant effects on its internal organs that may cause of massive mortality. Accordingly, cyanotoxin accumulation in fish tissue my pose a risk to human health through the food chain.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 1-10, 2017

scholarly journals Nephroprotective Effect of Cissampelos owariensis Extract on Renal Histomorphology of Wistar Rats during Exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride- induced Nephropathy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dayo Rotimi Omotoso ◽  
Olayinka Simbiat Lawal ◽  
Oluwasegun Davies Olatomide ◽  
Itohan Grace Okojie
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Changes

To assess nephroprotective potency of methanolic extract of C. owariensis on renal histomorphology of Wistar rats during exposure to nephropathic activity of CCl4. Twenty eight (28) albino Wistar rats divided into four groups which include normal control group administered with vehicles -distilled water (1 ml/kg b.w.) and olive oil (3 ml/kg b.w.), experimental control group administered with CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w.) twice a week, first treatment group administered with CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w.) twice a week + methanolic extract of C. owariensis (100 mg/kg b.w.) daily and second treatment group administered with CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w.) twice a week + methanolic extract of C. owariensis (300 mg/kg b.w.) daily for twenty eight (28) days. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of C. owariensis was carried out using GC-MS. The body weight of study animals was measure at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of study. Then, kidney tissue of study animals was collected, weighed and processed for histopathological study. Tissue sections were stained using H & E, examined under microscope, photomicrographs were generated and observable histopathological changes were quantified using image-J software. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of C. owariensis showed abundance of phenolic compounds which may in turn confer antioxidant property on the extract. Results of this study also showed that treatment with extract helped to reduce body and tissue weight loss that follows exposure to CCl4. Also, treatment with the extract helped to reduce significantly (p < 0.05) renal histopathological changes following exposure to CCl4. The methanolic extract of C. owariensis contains abundant phenolic compounds which confer antioxidant property that in turn mediate the nephroprotective potency of the extract against nephropathic effect of CCl4.

scholarly journals Histopathological Changes in Some Internal Organs Of White Mice Due To Treatment With Pentoxifylline

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Salema L . Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Lymphoid Hyperplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Albino Mice

The aim of the study was to make knowledge on the histopathological changes in some internal organs ( liver, kidney and spleen) of albino mice after treatment with therapeutic dose(16mg/kg BW/day) of pentoxifylline (PTX). Thirty albino mice which are approximately at same age (8week) and body weight were, randomly divided into three equal groups, group 1:Received tape water along the period of experiment and considered as a control group, Group 2:Treated with Pentoxifylline ( 16 mg /kgBW/day)for 30 days Group 3:Treated with Pentoxifylline ( 16 mg/kgBW/days)for 60 day. The histopathological findings of liver, kidney and spleen, showed infiltration of mononuclear cells within the liver parenchyma and portal areas and in the interstitial tissue of the kidney with perivascular lymphocytic cuffing and mild degenerative changes represented by acute cellular swelling of hepatocytes and epithelial cells lining the cortical renal tubules in addition to congestion of blood vessels Spleen showed lymphoid hyperplasia of white pulp with congestion and infiltration of lymphocytes in red pulp.

scholarly journals HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF KIDNEY OF BROILER CHICKEN EXPOSED TO CHRONIC HEAT STRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Irene Teh Kai Xin ◽  
Hani Plumeriastuti ◽  
Chairul Anwar ◽  
Kadek Rachmawati ◽  
Suzanita Utama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Cell Necrosis ◽  
Scoring Method

The aim of this research was to know histopathological changes of kidney of broiler chicken exposed to chronic heat stress. Twenty broilers were divided randomly into 2 groups, 10 broilers each are being exposed to chronic heat stress for 21 days. The first 21 days were the adaptation period in a chamber with temperature 24-28o C and humidity 40-55%. After 21 days, continue with exposure to heat stress in a chamber with temperature 36-40o C and humidity 50-65% in 8 hours per day. After exposed to chronic heat stress, kidney tissues were processed, and kidney tissue histopathological changes were evaluated by using the Klopfleisch modified scoring method. The data was analyzed by Mann – Whitney Test. The result of this research showed that chronic heat stress exposure causing the presence of degeneration of tubular epithelial cell, necrosis of tubular epithelial cell, necrosis of glomerular and interstitial infiltration. From the analysis data the overviewof multiparametric showed that when control group compared with the treatment group showed significantly difference (p<0.05). 

Pro-oxidant effects of a high α-tocopherol dose on kidney antioxidant biomarkers and histopathological aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Amel Kanane ◽  
Fayrouz Rouaki ◽  
Mohamed Brahim Errahmani ◽  
Abdenour Laraba ◽  
Hayet Mesbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Oxidant Effect ◽  
Higher Doses

Abstract. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of α-tocopherol supplementation at two doses (600 and 1200 mg × kg–1) on kidney antioxidant status and the histopathological changes in Wistar rats after 12 weeks of exposure at different diets. Forty rats has been divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each, the control group received basal diet with 5 % fresh sunflower oil (FSO), the second group: 5 % oxidized sunflower oil (OSO), the third group: 5 % OSO supplemented with 600 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol and the fourth group: 5 % OSO supplemented with 1200 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol. In OSO groups, the results showed highly significant increases of LPO (from 31.3 ± 0.9 to 53.8 ± 1.2 nmol of MDA formed/min/mg protein, p < 0.0001) with a significant decrease (p < = 0.001) of the antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, SOD, GPX, GR and G6PDH), body weight (339 ± 9 to 290 ± 3 g) and α-tocopherol levels (13.6 ± 0.6 to 6.5 ± 0.4 μg/mg protein). In OSO groups with 600 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol, an antioxidant effect was found, reflected by a return of the parameters to values similar to those of the control group. However, higher doses of α-tocopherol (1200 mg × kg–1) induced a depletion of antioxidant status, α-tocopherol levels (6.0 ± 0.3 μg/mg protein, p < 0.001) and a very highly significant rise (p < 0.0001) of LPO content (54.86 ± 0.01 nmol of MDA formed/min/mg protein). The kidney tissues also showed changes in glomerular, severe inflammatory cells infiltration, and formation of novel vessels. So, we can conclude that the oxidative stress is attenuated by a moderate administration of 600 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol, while a pro-oxidant effect occurs at 1200 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol.

Employing Gamma Ray Irradiated Giardia lamblia as Trialed Vaccine in Experimental Animal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Kamil Abdul Sada ◽  
Amany Mohamed Al-Kaysi
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

This is an experimental trial to prepare a vaccine from gamma-irradiated Giardia lamblia which is evaluated in experimental animals. The study was conducted from December 2015 to April 2016. The field survey of the parasite was conducted from those patients attending the laboratories of the Alawi Children's Hospital in Rusafa and the Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Karkh, through which 1250 stool samples of different age groups were examined. Five groups of mice were used in the study; the first was injected with normal saline and considered as a negative control group, the second was injected with cystic form of non-irradiated Giardia lamblia and considered as a positive control group, whereas the other three groups were injected with gamma irradiated Giardia lamblia at three different doses 10, 15 and 25 rad respectively. Giardia lamblia was primarily cultivated in liver infusion agar for ten days to obtain the active phase. On the sixth day, the cystic phase was purified and standardized to be used in the infection of mice with or without the exposure of gamma rays. Mice showed high sensitivity to parasitic infestation, in the gamma non-irradiated and the irradiated with gamma 10 rad, and 15 rad irradiated groups which was 100%. The results expressed an excystation process of the depleted phases and the release of the feeder phases. The results of the three irradiated groups consisted of histopathological changes of the small, and the rectum by dissection after two weeks of infection, with intestine amputation lesions, as well as ulceration and inflammation of the inflammatory cells represented in small numbers of neutrophil, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. The presence of ulceration and fall of epithelial cells in the intestinal cavity has been shown, and different forms of the parasite have been observed. Mice which was injected with irradiated G lamblia at high dose (25 rad), not show and sensitivity to the challenge infection and no excystation of thy parasite had been done. After 2 wreaks, a comparison was achieved between all study groups in which no histopathological changes were noticed in the mice irradiated with dose of25 rad. After another two weeks, a challenge dose was given (un-attenuated G lamblia) and mice were dissected after another two weeks, no changes on the level of histopathology of intestinal tissue were noticed the results suggested that mice acquire an immunity against the parasite infection.

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