scholarly journals Time trends in social contacts of individuals according to comorbidity and vaccination status, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: repeated cross-sectional population-based surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Godbout ◽  
Mélanie Drolet ◽  
Myrto Mondor ◽  
Marc Simard ◽  
Chantal Sauvageau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Wave

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe time trends in social contacts of individuals according to comorbidity and vaccination status before and during the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec, Canada.DesignRepeated cross-sectional population-based surveys.SettingGeneral population.ParticipantsNon-institutionalized adults from Quebec, Canada, recruited by random digit dialling before (2018/2019) and during the pandemic (April 2020 to July 2021). A total of 1441 and 5185 participants with and without comorbidities, respectively, were included in the analyses.Main outcome measuresNumber of social contacts (two-way conversation at a distance ≤2 meters or a physical contact, irrespective of masking) documented in a self-administered web-based questionnaire. We compared the mean number of contacts according to the comorbidity status of participants (pre-existing medical conditions with symptoms/medication in the past 12 months) and 1-dose vaccination status during the third wave. All analyses were performed using weighted generalized linear models with a Poisson distribution and robust variance.ResultsContacts significantly decreased from a mean of 6.1 (95% confidence interval 4.9 to 7.3) before the pandemic to 3.2 (2.5 to 3.9) during the first wave among individuals with comorbidities, and from 8.1 (7.3 to 9.0) to 2.7 (2.2 to 3.2) among individuals without comorbidities. Individuals with comorbidities maintained fewer contacts than those without comorbidities in the second wave, with a significant difference before the Christmas 2020/2021 holidays (2.9 (2.5 to 3.2) v 3.9 (3.5 to 4.3); P<0.001). During the third wave, contacts were similar for individuals with (4.1, 3.4 to 4.7) and without comorbidities (4.5, 4.1 to 4.9; P=0.27). This could be partly explained by individuals with comorbidities vaccinated with their first dose who increased their contacts to the level of those without comorbidities.ConclusionsThe lower level of contacts maintained by individuals with comorbidities could have influenced the burden of hospitalisations and deaths of the second wave in Quebec. It will be important to closely monitor COVID-19-related outcomes and social contacts by comorbidity and vaccination status to inform targeted or population-based interventions.

Tone of Postcards in Increasing Survey Response Rates

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Price ◽  
Faith Yingling ◽  
Eileen Walsh ◽  
Judy Murnan ◽  
Joseph A. Dake
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Survey Response ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Second Wave

This study assessed differences in response rates to a series of three-wave mail surveys when amiable or insistently worded postcards were the third wave of the mailing. Three studies were conducted; one with a sample of 600 health commissioners, one with a sample of 680 vascular nurses, and one with 600 elementary school secretaries. The combined response rates for the first and second wave mailings were 65.8%, 67.6%, and 62.4%, respectively. A total of 308 amiable and 308 insistent postcards were sent randomly to nonrespondents as the third wave mailing. Overall, there were 41 amiable and 52 insistent postcards returned, not significantly different by chi-square test. However, a separate chi-square test for one of the three studies, the nurses' study, did find a significant difference in favor of the insistently worded postcards.

scholarly journals Time trends in social contacts before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: the CONNECT study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Drolet ◽  
Aurélie Godbout ◽  
Myrto Mondor ◽  
Guillaume Béraud ◽  
Léa Drolet-Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTBackgroundSince the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, many countries, including Canada, have adopted unprecedented physical distancing measures such as closure of schools and non-essential businesses, and restrictions on gatherings and household visits. We described time trends in social contacts for the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in Quebec, Canada.MethodsCONNECT is a population-based study of social contacts conducted shortly before (2018/2019) and during the Covid-19 pandemic (April 2020 – February 2021), using the same methodology for both periods. We recruited participants by random-digit-dialing and collected data by self-administered web-based questionnaires. Questionnaires documented socio-demographic characteristics and social contacts for two assigned days. A contact was defined as a two-way conversation at a distance ≤2 meters or as a physical contact, irrespective of masking. We used weighted generalized linear models with a Poisson distribution and robust variance (taking possible overdispersion into account) to compare the mean number of social contacts over time by characteristics.ResultsA total of 1291 and 5516 Quebecers completed the study before and during the pandemic, respectively. Contacts significantly decreased from a mean of 8 contacts/day prior to the pandemic to 3 contacts/day during the spring 2020 lockdown. Contacts remained lower than the pre-Covid period thereafter (lowest=3 contacts/day during the Christmas 2020/2021 holidays, highest=5 in September 2020). Contacts at work, during leisure activities/other locations, and at home with visitors showed the greatest decreases since the beginning of the pandemic. All sociodemographic subgroups showed significant decreases of contacts since the beginning of the pandemic.ConclusionPhysical distancing measures in Quebec significantly decreased social contacts, which most likely mitigated the spread of Covid-19.

scholarly journals Perceived Stress and Increased Food Consumption during the ‘Third Wave’ of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2380
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Jara Díaz-Jimenez ◽  
Ignacio Rosety ◽  
Maria José M. Alférez ◽  
Antonio Jesús Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
The Third ◽  
Moderate Stress

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of people worldwide. An increase in perceived stress can lead to unhealthy behaviors such as increased food consumption. The aim of this study was to find the level of perceived stress and its relationship with increased food consumption during the “third wave” of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. This was a cross-sectional study that employed anonline self-reported frequency of consumption questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale-10. A total of 637 subjects participated and 83.6% of respondents had moderate or high stress—more prevalent in the female and young respondents. Moreover, 36.1% of respondents reported that they had increased the frequency of consumption of some foods, mainly nuts, snacks, and jellybeans, along with coffee, tea, cocoa, and soft drinks. Eating between meals was more pronounced in those with high stress (65.1%) than in those with moderate stress (40.4%) and low stress (20.2%). Furthermore, the respondents with high stress reported greater weight gain. Thus, the results show that the level of perceived stress during the ‘third wave’ of this pandemic increased food consumption.

scholarly journals Feminizm amerykański trzeciej fali – zmiana i kontynuacja

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Grażyna STRNAD
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
The Third ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second Wave

The history of American women fighting for equal rights dates back to the 18th century, when in Boston, in 1770, they voiced the demand that the status of women be changed. Abigail Adams, Sarah Grimke, Angelina Grimke and Frances Wright are considered to have pioneered American feminism. An organized suffrage movement is assumed to have originated at the convention Elizabeth Stanton organized in Seneca Falls in 1848. This convention passed a Declaration of Sentiments, which criticized the American Declaration of Independence as it excluded women. The most prominent success achieved in this period was the US Congress passing the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution granting women the right to vote. The 1960s saw the second wave of feminism, resulting from disappointment with the hitherto promotion of equality. The second-wave feminists claimed that the legal reforms did not provide women with the changes they expected. As feminists voiced the need to feminize the world, they struggled for social customs to change and gender stereotypes to be abandoned. They criticized the patriarchal model of American society, blaming this model for reducing the social role of women to that of a mother, wife and housewife. They pointed to patriarchal ideology, rather than nature, as the source of the inequality of sexes. The leading representatives of the second wave of feminism were Betty Friedan (who founded the National Organization for Women), Kate Millet (who wrote Sexual Politics), and Shulamith Firestone (the author of The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution). The 1990s came to be called the third wave of feminism, characterized by multiple cultures, ethnic identities, races and religions, thereby becoming a heterogenic movement. The third-wave feminists, Rebecca Walker and Bell Hooks, represented groups of women who had formerly been denied the right to join the movement, for example due to racial discrimination. They believed that there was not one ‘common interest of all women’ but called for leaving no group out in the fight for the equality of women’s rights. They asked that the process of women’s emancipation that began with the first wave embrace and approve of the diversity of the multiethnic American society.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Variants on the Second Wave in India and Subsequent Discretion of Possibilities of the Third Wave

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Sudarshan Ramaswamy ◽  
Meera Dhuria ◽  
Sumedha M. Joshi ◽  
Deepa H Velankar
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Insight Into

Introduction: Epidemiological comprehension of the COVID-19 situation in India can be of great help in early prediction of any such indications in other countries and possibilities of the third wave in India as well. It is essential to understand the impact of variant strains in the perspective of the rise in daily cases during the second wave – Whether the rise in cases witnessed is due to the reinfections or the surge is dominated by emergence of mutants/variants and reasons for the same. Overall objective of this study is to predict early epidemiological indicators which can potentially lead to COVID-19 third wave in India. Methodology: We analyzed both the first and second waves of COVID-19 in India and using the data of India’s SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing, we segregated the impact of the Older Variant (OV) and the other major variants (VOI / VOC).  Applying Kermack–McKendrick SIR model to the segregated data progression of the epidemic in India was plotted in the form of proportion of people infected. An equation to explain herd immunity thresholds was generated and further analyzed to predict the possibilities of the third wave. Results: Considerable difference in ate of progression of the first and second wave was seen. The study also ascertains that the rate of infection spread is higher in Delta variant and is expected to have a higher threshold (>2 times) for herd immunity as compared to the OV. Conclusion: Likelihood of the occurrence of the third wave seems unlikely based on the current analysis of the situation, however the possibilities cannot be ruled out. Understanding the epidemiological details of the first and second wave helped in understanding the focal points responsible for the surge in cases during the second wave and has given further insight into the future.

scholarly journals The Foucault Effect in Organization Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverre Raffnsøe ◽  
Andrea Mennicken ◽  
Peter Miller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organizational Scholarship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Since the establishment of Organization Studies in 1980, Michel Foucault’s oeuvre has had a remarkable and continuing influence on its field. This article traces the different ways in which organizational scholars have engaged with Foucault’s writings over the past thirty years or so. We identify four overlapping waves of influence. Drawing on Foucault’s Discipline and Punish, the first wave focused on the impact of discipline, and techniques of surveillance and subjugation, on organizational practices and power relations. Part of a much wider ‘linguistic’ turn in the second half of the twentieth century, the second wave led to a focus on discourses as intermediaries that condition ways of viewing and acting. This wave drew mainly on Foucault’s early writings on language and discourse. The third wave was inspired by Foucault’s seminal lectures on governmentality towards the end of the 1970s. Here, an important body of international research investigating governmental technologies operating on subjects as free persons in sites such as education, accounting, medicine and psychiatry emerged. The fourth and last wave arose out of a critical engagement with earlier Foucauldian organizational scholarship and sought to develop a more positive conception of subjectivity. This wave draws in particular on Foucault’s work on asceticism and techniques of the self towards the end of his life. Drawing on Deleuze and Butler, the article conceives the Foucault effect in organization studies as an immanent cause and a performative effect. We argue for the need to move beyond the tired dichotomies between discipline and autonomy, compliance and resistance, power and freedom that, at least to some extent, still hamper organization studies. We seek to overcome such dichotomies by further pursuing newly emerging lines of Foucauldian research that investigate processes of organizing, calculating and economizing characterized by a differential structuring of freedom, performative and indirect agency.

The Third Wave

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Emily Ruth Rutter
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
Way Of Knowing ◽  
Contemporary Writers ◽  
Second Wave

In the second wave of black baseball works, African American playwrights, poets, and novelists uncovered an archive of feelings replete with the particular pains and pleasures of segregated life. The contemporary writers in the third wave place similar faith in literature as a way of knowing marginalized histories, while more deliberately foregrounding their own roles as mediators and curators of these histories. In ...

scholarly journals 0972 Persistence, Remission, Acquisition Of Sleep Disturbances Contributes To The Transition Of Emotional/behavioral Problems In Preschool Children

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A369-A369
Author(s):  
Y Deng ◽  
G Wang ◽  
W Li ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
J Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Population Based ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Habit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Abstract Introduction Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have consistently reported associations between sleep disturbances and emotional/behavioral problems in children. However, few studies have examined whether the remission, acquisition of sleep disturbances contribute to the transition of emotional and behavioral problems during preschool years. Methods This study used data from the Shanghai Children’s Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation-Preschool (SCHEDULEA-P), a prospective, population-based cohort study of newly enrolled preschoolers in Shanghai kindergartens in Nov. 2016. In total, 17182 children with complete data on parent-reported Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) both at school enrollment(wave 1) and the third year(wave 2) were included in the study. Children’s sleep disturbances were measured using Children Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) at both waves. Results The 17182 participants included 8935(52.0%) males, with a mean (SD) age of 3.73(0.29) years at wave 1. 66.9%, 7.2%, 17.4% and 8.5% of these children were divided into persistent sleep disturbance, acquired, remitted group and persistent normal sleep group, respectively. The proportion of persistent, acquired, remitted emotional/behavioral problems and normal group was 13.7%, 9.4%, 21.1%, 55.8%. SDQ scores of acquired sleep disturbances group stayed high at wave 3, while SDQ scores of remitted sleep disturbances group decreased sharply during the preschool years. After adjusted for confounding factors, the odds of remission from emotional/behavioral problems among children who experienced remission of sleep disturbances, who had persistent normal sleep were both much higher compared to those who had persistent sleep disturbances (OR=2.53(2.12-3.01), p&lt;0.001; OR=2.74(2.01-3.75), p&lt;0.001). Meanwhile, the odds of acquisition of emotional/behavioral problems at wave 2 among subjects who newly acquired sleep disturbances at wave 2 and who had persistent sleep disturbances was similarly higher than those who never have sleep disturbances(OR= 2.75, P&lt;0.001 VS OR=2.77, P&lt;0.001). Besides, those who experience remission of sleep disturbances still have 1.48 times the odds of acquisition of emotional / behavioral problems(P=0.006). Conclusion The remission of sleep disturbances contributed to the remission of emotional/behavioral problems, while the emergence of sleep disturbances throughout preschool years increased the risk of the acquisition of emotional/behavioral problems. Support Supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation of China (81773443, 81728017, 81602870, 81601162, 81602868)

scholarly journals Time trends of vitamin D concentrations in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014: a population-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 3037-3044
Author(s):  
Eva Summerhays ◽  
Mats Eliasson ◽  
Robert Lundqvist ◽  
Stefan Söderberg ◽  
Tanja Zeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Entire Study

Abstract Purpose Vitamin D, produced through cutaneous photosynthesis or ingested via foods or supplements, has generated considerable research interest due to its potential health effects. However, epidemiological data on the time trends of vitamin D status are sparse, especially from northern Europe. We examined the time trend of vitamin D concentrations in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014. Methods We used data on 11,129 men and women (aged 25–74 years) from seven population-based surveys (the Northern Sweden MONICA study), recruited between 1986 and 2014. Serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) status was measured using a one-step immunoassay (Abbott Architect). Multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and a number of other variables, were used to estimate the time trend of vitamin D concentrations. Results The mean value of vitamin D in the entire study population was 19.9 ng/mL [standard deviation (SD) 7.9], with lower values in men (19.4 ng/mL; SD 7.5) than in women (20.5 ng/mL; SD 8.2). Using the survey in 1986 as reference category, the multivariable-adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] in ng/mL was 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) in 1990, 3.2 (2.7, 3.7) in 1994, 1.6 (1.0, 2.1) in 1999, − 2.0 (− 2.5, − 1.4) in 2004, 1.0 (0.4, 1.5) in 2009, and 3.1 (2.5, 3.6) in 2014. Conclusion In this large cross-sectional study, we observed no clear upward or downward trend of vitamin D concentrations in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014.

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