scholarly journals Bosnia and Herzegovina in political orbit of Karadjordjevo and Tikves

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
Adnan Velagić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Social Turmoil ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Mutual Agreement ◽  
Slobodan Milosevic

During the 1980s, socialist Yugoslavia was hit by various social problems, which disintegrated the fragile tissue of Tito's state-political legacy. In the early 1990s, when the unstoppable phase of dissolution of this country began, national-chauvinist pretensions resolved to realize their old great-power ambitions in a period of general disruption surfaced. Although in this whirlwind of social turmoil the method of military force was used as the dominant and indispensable factor, behind the scenes political arrangements were very often much more effective in realizing certain goals. Sometimes conducted in public, and sometimes secretly, such negotiations were most often a typical expression of grand national aspirations. In this context, one can certainly observe one of the most famous separate negotiations in the 1990s on the soil of the disintegrating Yugoslavia, conducted between Slobodan Milosevic and Franjo Tuđman. Although these talks have not been published to date, many close associates of the Serbian and Croatian presidents, as well as participants in various political sessions, clearly indicate the presence of a high degree of their mutual agreement on the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this paper, the author tried to shed light on the separate Serbo-Croatian efforts to divide the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina through the statements of Tuđman and Milosevic, and the speeches of their close associates and participants in numerous political talks.

scholarly journals Reporting from the city: Vignettes from Constantinople in the Dispatches of Lord Strangford during the Eastern Crisis of the 1820s

Chronos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Theophilus C Prousis
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Eastern Question ◽  
Explosive Force ◽  
Great Power Politics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

The tangled web of the Eastern Question became the single most explosive force in European great power politics during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and Constantinople became the epicenter of this contentious dispute in Ottoman-European relations. Eyewitness commentaries by diplomats, travelers, residents, and others who visited this fabled city conveyed images and episodes about various topics, including European interactions with the Ottoman Empire, European designs on contested lands, and Ottoman politics and policy. These scenes and stories not only shed light on the geopolitical heart of the Eastern Question but also reinforce the centrality of this volatile issue in the relationship between the Ottoman Empire and Europe.

scholarly journals Transfiguring Healthcare: Three-Dimensional Printing in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Trends during COVID-19: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
K. G. Siree ◽  
T. M. Amulya ◽  
T. M. Pramod Kumar ◽  
S. Sowmya ◽  
K. Divith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Shed Light

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a unique technique that allows for a high degree of customisation in pharmacy, dentistry and in designing of medical devices. 3D printing satiates the increasing exigency for consumer personalisation in these fields as custom-made medicines catering to the patients’ requirements are novel advancements in drug therapy. Current research in 3D printing indicates towards reproducing an organ in the form of a chip; paving the way for more studies and opportunities to perfecting the existing technique. In addition, we will also attempt to shed light on the impact of 3D printing in the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Demystifying Social Bots: On the Intelligence of Automated Social Media Actors

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512093926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Assenmacher ◽  
Lena Clever ◽  
Lena Frischlich ◽  
Thorsten Quandt ◽  
Heike Trautmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Supportive Nature ◽  
Shed Light

Recently, social bots, (semi-) automatized accounts in social media, gained global attention in the context of public opinion manipulation. Dystopian scenarios like the malicious amplification of topics, the spreading of disinformation, and the manipulation of elections through “opinion machines” created headlines around the globe. As a consequence, much research effort has been put into the classification and detection of social bots. Yet, it is still unclear how easy an average online media user can purchase social bots, which platforms they target, where they originate from, and how sophisticated these bots are. This work provides a much needed new perspective on these questions. By providing insights into the markets of social bots in the clearnet and darknet as well as an exhaustive analysis of freely available software tools for automation during the last decade, we shed light on the availability and capabilities of automated profiles in social media platforms. Our results confirm the increasing importance of social bot technology but also uncover an as yet unknown discrepancy of theoretical and practically achieved artificial intelligence in social bots: while literature reports on a high degree of intelligence for chat bots and assumes the same for social bots, the observed degree of intelligence in social bot implementations is limited. In fact, the overwhelming majority of available services and software are of supportive nature and merely provide modules of automation instead of fully fledged “intelligent” social bots.

scholarly journals The specifics of the illegal drug trafficking in Kosovo

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-261
Author(s):  
Azem Hajdari ◽  
Albulena Hajdari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Narcotics Trafficking ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Drug Traffickers ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Shed Light

Object of handling in this scientific paper are criminal offences of narcotics trafficking in the Republic of Kosovo. According to data included in this paper the trafficking of narcotics constitutes a concerning phenomenon. The concern about this type of criminality is linked to a relatively high degree of their presence in Kosovo society. The research shed light about the fact that Kosovo is an important link for international drug traffickers. All this, due to geographic position of country because of the fact that in Kosovo there are over 25,000 drug users, but likewise because of the fact that over last two decades there has been a trend of continuous growth of drug process cultivation. Criminal offences of narcotics trafficking manifest numerous individual, family and social consequences. This criminal phenomenon is also damaging Kosovo's image in international terms. Kosovo is facing numerous challenges and problems in combating criminality, especially those related to narcotics. In this scientific paper has been indicated the Kosovo courts activities in combating criminal offences of narcotics trafficking as well as are given various ideas in terms of how it should be advances courts performance in combating this criminal phenomenon. For preparation of this scientific paper I have used legal, comparative, descriptive, survey and statistical methods.

scholarly journals Serbian Historiography after 1991

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Christian Axboe Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
Political Coalition ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Sanctions ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Slobodan Milosevic

Few countries in Europe have witnessed as much turbulence during the past quarter century as the seven states which emerged from socialist Yugoslavia after it dissolved amidst a catastrophic series of wars of succession. Although actual armed conflict only took place in Serbia (then still including Kosovo in the rump state Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) in 1998 and 1999, Serbia directly participated in the wars of Yugoslav succession beginning in 1991 in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and then finally in Kosovo. For nearly a decade from 1992 until 2001 Serbia's economy languished under the combination of a kleptocratic regime, expensive and protracted military engagements and international sanctions. The long Serbian transition entered a new phase in October 2000, when Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević was ousted by a very heterogeneous political coalition whose leaders shared only an intense antipathy for Milošević. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was transformed into the short-lived state union of Serbia and Montenegro, which disappeared when Montenegro declared its independence in 2006, followed by Kosovo in 2008.

Technocratic manager, imperial agent, or diplomatic champion? The IMF in the anarchical society

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN BRÜTSCH
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Great Power ◽  
English School ◽  
The World ◽  
International Credit ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractEven before the global financial crisis restored the International Monetary Fund's (‘IMF’ or ‘Fund’) political fortunes, the ‘monetary managers’ regained ground in supposedly hostile parts of the world, most notably in sub-Saharan Africa. To shed light on the Fund's appeal to governments that do not need its leverage to put dithering cabinets, unruly coalition partners, or restive opposition forces in line, this article examines the interplay between intergovernmental organisations (IGO) and the ‘master institutions’ of the anarchical society. It builds on classic English School inquiries into the ‘words and deeds’ of agents that define, maintain, and transform international societies; tracks collective efforts to harness international credit and debt; and probes bureaucratic obstinacy and great power management in the Fund's conduct in three member states that differ in terms of their borrowing habits, funding options, and creditor relations. It concludes that, in contrast to its reputation as a technocratic manager of cooperation or an imperial agent of contestation, the IMF's appeal lies in its willingness to act as a diplomatic champion of coexistence.

scholarly journals Crystal Structure of a 9-Subunit Archaeal Exosome in Pre-Catalytic States of the Phosphorolytic Reaction

Archaea ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esben Lorentzen ◽  
Elena Conti
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Nucleophilic Attack ◽  
Divalent Metal Ions ◽  
Mechanism Of Catalysis ◽  
Rna Exosome ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Positively Charged

The RNA exosome is an important protein complex that functions in the 3′ processing and degradation of RNA in archaeal and eukaryotic organisms. The archaeal exosome is functionally similar to bacterial polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) and RNase PH enzymes as it uses inorganic phosphate (Pi) to processively cleave RNA substrates releasing nucleoside diphosphates. To shed light on the mechanism of catalysis, we have determined the crystal structures of mutant archaeal exosome in complex with either Pi or with both RNA and Pi at resolutions of 1.8 Å and 2.5 Å, respectively. These structures represent views of precatalytic states of the enzyme and allow the accurate determination of the substrate binding geometries. In the structure with both Pi and RNA bound, the Pi closely approaches the phosphate of the 3′-end nucleotide of the RNA and is in a perfect position to perform a nucleophilic attack. The presence of negative charge resulting from the close contacts between the phosphates appears to be neutralized by conserved positively charged residues in the active site of the archaeal exosome. The high degree of structural conservation between the archaeal exosome and the PNPase including the requirement for divalent metal ions for catalysis is discussed.

Identity, legitimacy, and the use of military force: Russia’s Great Power identities and military intervention in Abkhazia

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. 225-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
TED HOPF
Keyword(s):  
Military Intervention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Power ◽  
European Politics ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
International Norm ◽  
Territorial Claims

An action is legitimate if the pertinent community deems it so. Most would agree that Russia’s conduct in the 1990s in Georgia was illegitimate. Military intervention in another state, unless the other state is preparing an imminent attack on one’s own territory, or is engaged in the systematic abuse of one’s own citizens, is a violation of the international norm of sovereignty, at a minimum. Some have argued that European politics has gone beyond this ‘territorial integrity norm’ to something more expansive, to a consensual renunciation of any and all territorial claims on other states. This was first codified in the Helsinki Final Act of 1975.

scholarly journals أحكام الرضاع المحرم في الفقه الإسلامي: دراسة فقهية حديثية

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-357
Author(s):  
Lilly Suzana Shamsu ◽  
Jihad Soleh Muhammad Mhanna
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Milk Bank ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Textual Content ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Husband And Wife

تهدف هذه الدارسة إلى محاولة تسليط الضوء على أحكام الرضاع المحرم في الفقه الإسلامي، لجهل الكثير من المسلمين أحكامه، فينشأ بسببه المشاكل الاجتماعية من فسخ النكاح، وانتهاك الأعراض، متبعاً ومستعينًا بالمنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي، حيث تطرقت الدراسة إلى بعض المفاهيم المتعلقة بأحكام الرضاع المحرم، بالإضافة إلى بعض الأحكام المتعلقة بالرضاع كالسن والمقدار، وقد خلص البحث إلى أن إرضاع المرأة طفلاً بالشروط المعتبرة شرعًا كان ولدها في تحريم النكاح، وللرضاع حكمتين من التحريم به فالأولى: أخلاقية والثانية: علمية. This study aims to shed light on Islamic ruling on kinship by milk (al-Ridha‘a) as well as to educate Muslims on its implication. It is very important to adhere the Islamic Law on this matter as unawareness may lead to social problems, impediment to marriage or separation of husband and wife. This study is conducted by using inductive approach that will analyze the textual content in any related documents. This study presents some concepts related to Islamic ruling on forbidden marriage due kinship by milk, the duration of breastfeeding and the amount or number of milk that to be breast fed. The study conclude that when a woman breast feeds a child (not her own) the child becomes her close relative (Mahram) provided the breastfeeding has fulfilled all the concerned Shari‘ah Law. Furthermore, the study also stated that there are moral and scientific wisdom behind the Islamic Law on this matter. On the issue pertaining the establishment of Milk Bank, the study found that is permissible for babies to consume the milk processed by the Milk Bank. Anyhow, it must fulfill all conditions that has been set by the authority.

scholarly journals Which Sentence Embeddings and Which Layers Encode Syntactic Structure?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alex Kelly ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Jesús Calvillo ◽  
David Reitter
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Language Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Double Object ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prepositional Object ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Shed Light

Recent models of language have eliminated syntactic-semantic dividing lines. We explore the psycholinguistic implications of this development by comparing different types of sentence embeddings in their ability to encode syntactic constructions. Our study uses contrasting sentence structures known to cause syntactic priming effects, that is, the tendency in humans to re- peat sentence structures after recent exposure. We compare how syntactic alternatives are captured by sentence embed- dings produced by a neural language model (BERT) or by the composition of word embeddings (BEAGLE, HHM, GloVe). Dative double object vs. prepositional object and active vs. passive sentences are separable in the high-dimensional space of the sentence embeddings and can be classified with a high degree of accuracy. The results lend empirical support to the modern, computational, integrated accounts of semantics and syntax, and they shed light on the information stored at different layers in deep language models such as BERT.

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