scholarly journals Gender-based legislation and female labor productivity in argentine factories, 1895-1935

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (58) ◽  
pp. 39-62
Author(s):  
Yovanna Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Restrictive Legislation ◽  
At Home

This working paper examines gender-based legislation intended to protect working women and limit their work activities in manufacturing factories in Argentina from 1895-1935. The goal is to discuss the contradictions between gender-based legislation and female labor productivity. My research, thus far, shows that female labor was productive between 1895 and 1935 despite restrictive legislation limiting what women could do in the factory. Two implications include that labor legislation was either minimally or not enforced in factories. Second, female laborers, in particular those working in textile factories, focused on labor-intensive piece work that they completed at home and beyond the limits of protective legislation.

scholarly journals Women in foreign employment: Its impact on the left behind family members in Tanahun district, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
Kanhaiya Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Though, the migration process and its impact in the household economy has been extensively studied in the academic sectors, but much less attention has been given to the impact of female labor migration on the family members who are left behind at home. This paper attempts to determine socio-economic structure of female labor migrants from Tanahun District of Gandaki Province, Nepal. Similarly, it also attempts to analyze the causes of female migration, process and dynamics of foreign labor migration and its impact on the left behind family specially children and elder citizens at home. For this purpose, 180 households have been purposefully selected from three municipalities and conducted household survey through snowball methods. According to the survey findings, married women are preferred to go for abroad, whereas the age of migration is after 30 years. Literate are very less migrated for foreign labor. Majority of the female migrants preferred to go to Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)countries and then other countries, i.e. Malaysia, Lebanon, etc. There are both positive and negative impacts clearly observed. The positive impacts of remittance to support for the poverty alleviation at household level, enhance educational and health facilities as well as improve housing conditions. But, the negative impacts, especially on children are appeared, i.e. care deficit, aggressive behavior, physical abuse, deteriorating health condition and school dropout. To, eliminate or reduce negative impact, government should take initiation and formulate effective policies that can maximize positive effects.

scholarly journals The distribution of refraction by age and gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6–12 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Zhang ◽  
Yonglin Zhou ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Near Work

Abstract Background The Prevalence of myopia is increasing in China. This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, body mass index (BMI), gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6 to 12 years. Methods A total of 6362 students were recruited for ophthalmological investigation. Demographic and myopia related behavioral information was collected. SE value was measured by the Topcon RM-8900 or KR-800autorefractors. Potential independent risk factors were determined with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) by logistic regression analysis. We further constructed the nomogram model to predict future onset of myopia. Results Among the study population, 3900 (61.3%) were non-myopic. The prevalence of myopia is 38.0% for boys and 39.5% for girls. The average SE values were 0.50 ± 0.70 D for boys and 0.60 ± 0.80 D for girls. The mean SE values decreased with age, and the value of height and BMI took on a stable trend. Threshold values for myopia varied across age groups and gender. Paternal myopia (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01–1.48), near-work activities on weekends (2.56, 1.17–5.61), and outdoor activities (0.68, 0.54–0.86) were associated with potential myopic in students. Conclusion A series of age-gender based SE threshold values were established to predict myopia in Chinese children aged 6 to 12 years. High risk factors for myopia included paternal myopia, near-work activities on weekends, and outdoor activities. Countermeasures are encouraged to reverse the increasing trend of myopia in children.

Farm Women as Full-Time Partners: Some Evidence of Sharing Traditional Gender-Based Tasks

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Rappaport
Keyword(s):  
Farm Women ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Respondent Group ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Married Male ◽  
And Task ◽  
At Home

The farm and home decision and task responsibilities of husbands and wives for two groups are examined: (1) five hundred ninety-two married male respondents who are husbands in traditional farm families including those with children under twenty-one and wives who work off the farm; and (2) forty married male respondents who consider their wives full-time partners, who indicate that their wives work equally hard on the farm, have no children under twenty-one at home, and do not have off-the-farm employment. For the 592-respondent group, the traditional gender-based division of farm and home decisions and tasks applied. For the full-time partners group, men continued to perform the traditional farm tasks, while wives shared to a greater extent in but did not have sole responsibility for farm decisions or tasks. The forty male respondents reported crossing over and sharing domestic tasks.

Off to Work At Home: Egyptian Midwives Blur Public-Private Boundaries

Hawwa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hibba Abugideiri
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Societal Participation ◽  
Work At Home ◽  
At Home

AbstractThis article uncovers the invaluable work of midwives as medical professionals in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Egyptian society. It challenges the public-private distinction as a way of demonstrating its obscuring effect on measuring Arab women's participation in society. In fact, relying on this conceptualization of space, and by implication, gendered power, can lead to a misleading conclusion. Because Egyptian midwives participated publicly in society, they consequently were unshackled from those social and cultural forces that otherwise segregated them to the private confines of the home. By challenging this construct, this study interrogates what societal participation means to the study of Middle Eastern gender. More specifically, the process of medical modernization in colonial Egypt provides an ideal case study to argue that by becoming modern working women whose profession brought them out into the public in order to work at home, midwives' participation in Egyptian society blurred any neat demarcation of public and private space. Indeed, the public-private paradigm has little analytical value in studying turn-of-the-century Egyptian midwives other than to expose the glaring ways that "public," as buoyed by Western liberal thinking, does not translate into a universal historical experience; if anything, it obscures the powerful agency of these Arab women.

scholarly journals The Effect of Internet Technology on Women’s Decision to Work at Home

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Neny Aditina ◽  
Lilik Sugiharti
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Working At Home ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Keywords Internet ◽  
Work At Home ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
At Home

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of internet technology and social demographic variables on women's decisions to work at home. Using National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) conducted in February 2018, this study observed working women aged 15 years and over, which amounts to 36.378 observations. The model in this research is using logistic regression. The result shows that women who use the internet for primary jobs are more likely to work at home than those who do not use the internet. This study argued that internet supports flexible work for women. In general, internet technology is used for communication with consumers and promotional needs. Further analysis suggests that a policy is needed to improve communication infrastructure in rural areas as well as internet use to develop brand and transaction effectiveness. The younger woman, highly educated, experienced in training and living in rural areas are more likely to prefer working at home. Keywords: Internet Technology, Work at Home, Women Work.Pengaruh Teknologi Internet Terhadap Keputusan Perempuan untuk Bekerja di RumahAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peranan variabel teknologi internet dan variabel karakteristik sosial demografi terhadap keputusan perempuan untuk memilih bekerja di rumah. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas) Februari 2018, unit analisisnya adalah perempuan berumur 15 tahun ke atas yang berstatus bekerja dengan observasi berjumlah 36.378. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan yang memanfaatkan teknologi internet pada pekerjaan utama lebih berpeluang untuk bekerja di rumah dibandingkan dengan perempuan yang tidak menggunakan internet. Penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa internet mendukung terciptanya pekerjaan yang sifatnya fleksibel untuk perempuan. Secara umum teknologi internet digunakan untuk komunikasi dengan konsumen dan promosi. Peluang perempuan umur 15 tahun ke atas akan semakin besar untuk bekerja di rumah jika: berumur 15-24 tahun dan berumur 25-39 tahun; berstatus tidak kawin; berpendidikan tinggi (SMA ke atas); pernah mengikuti pelatihan kerja; dan tinggal di perdesaan. Kata kunci: Teknologi Internet, Bekerja di Rumah, Perempuan Bekerja.

scholarly journals Female Labor Force in Lebanon

1970 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Zena Ali Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
The Social

The study aims at providing a profile of working women; estimating the size of the Lebanese female labor force in selected economic activities and sectors; highlighting the conditions in which women work; demonstrating the social andcultural problems that working women face; and detecting employer preferences to identify trends of demand.

scholarly journals On the studies of the regular character, factors, effects and perspectives of the working time dynamics in modern economy

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Zolotov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Time Reduction

The article examines a significant array of the scientific works devoted to different aspects of the working time dynamics. The conclusion is made that the main measure of this dynamics is the average number of hours worked per worker. This indicator can be used for analysis of all periods of labor activity including seniority. It is stated that the research on the problem shows a long-run trend of working time reduction. The works devoted to the topic also consider other factors affecting length of work: increase of labor productivity, influence of income effect and substitution effect on individual labor supply, motivation of employers, role of trade unions and collective bargaining, labor legislation. There are presented approaches to explanation of differences in the dynamics of working time in the USA and in West Europe. It is taken into account that the working time reduction during the past decades is characterized as one of the preconditions of pension reforms. There are considered works that contain analysis of the effects caused by the changes in working time length, including their impact on workers' health, work-life balance, gender inequality, unemployment rate, labor productivity, environment, perception the life as happy. The article shows a significant interest of researchers to perspectives of the working time dynamics in the context of analysis of J. M. Keynes's prediction about switch to 3-hour shifts by 2030. It is stated that the problem of perspectives of the working time dynamics is becoming one of the key issues in discussing the concept of Universal Basic Income. The article notes the attention of researchers to experiments on the working day reduction to 6 hours.

Work-Life Balance of Women Employees in Service sector: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sonali Ramesh Kshirsagar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
At Home

An employed mother is carrying the pains of her child crying at home till she returns at home indicating separation anxiety; a Father is stressed on the work spot resulting of his known negligence for his family. It has a great influence on overall quality of life.  Of course the art of doing lies in balancing among work, non-work and family aspects of life. Work and quality of life: QWL provides for the balanced relationship among work, non-work and family life should not be strained by working hours, including business travel, transfers, vacations etc. The research study was focused on Women Employee Work-Life Balance of service sector namely Academics, Banks and Health care sector of Aurangabad Region on a pilot study basis . An Attempt was done to study the existence of work-life balance problem among the working women in the specified area which can be executed on a large sample later on. It was tried to examine how the factors affecting work-life balance influence quality of life of married working women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document