scholarly journals The distribution of refraction by age and gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6–12 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Zhang ◽  
Yonglin Zhou ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Near Work

Abstract Background The Prevalence of myopia is increasing in China. This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, body mass index (BMI), gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6 to 12 years. Methods A total of 6362 students were recruited for ophthalmological investigation. Demographic and myopia related behavioral information was collected. SE value was measured by the Topcon RM-8900 or KR-800autorefractors. Potential independent risk factors were determined with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) by logistic regression analysis. We further constructed the nomogram model to predict future onset of myopia. Results Among the study population, 3900 (61.3%) were non-myopic. The prevalence of myopia is 38.0% for boys and 39.5% for girls. The average SE values were 0.50 ± 0.70 D for boys and 0.60 ± 0.80 D for girls. The mean SE values decreased with age, and the value of height and BMI took on a stable trend. Threshold values for myopia varied across age groups and gender. Paternal myopia (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01–1.48), near-work activities on weekends (2.56, 1.17–5.61), and outdoor activities (0.68, 0.54–0.86) were associated with potential myopic in students. Conclusion A series of age-gender based SE threshold values were established to predict myopia in Chinese children aged 6 to 12 years. High risk factors for myopia included paternal myopia, near-work activities on weekends, and outdoor activities. Countermeasures are encouraged to reverse the increasing trend of myopia in children.

scholarly journals The distribution of refraction by age and gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6-12 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Zhang ◽  
Yonglin Zhou ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Near Work

Abstract Background: The Prevalence of myopia is increasing in China. This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, body mass index (BMI), gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6 to 12 years. Methods: A total of 6362 students were recruited for ophthalmological investigation. Demographic and myopia related behavioral information was collected. SE value was measured by the Topcon RM-8900 or KR-800autorefractors. Potential independent risk factors were determined with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) by logistic regression analysis. We further constructed the nomogram model to predict future onset of myopia.Results: Among the study population, 3900 (61.3%) were non-myopic. The prevalence of myopia is 38.0% for boys and 39.5% for girls. The average SE values were 0.50±0.70 D for boys and 0.60±0.80 D for girls. The mean SE values decreased with age, and the value of height and BMI took on a stable trend. Threshold values for myopia varied across age groups and gender. Paternal myopia (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01-1.48), near-work activities on weekends (2.56, 1.17-5.61), and outdoor activities (0.68, 0.54-0.86) were associated with potential myopic in students. Conclusion: A series of age-gender based SE threshold values were established to predict myopia in Chinese children aged 6 to 12 years. High risk factors for myopia included paternal myopia, near-work activities on weekends, and outdoor activities. Countermeasures are encouraged to reverse the increasing trend of myopia in children.

scholarly journals The distribution of refraction by age and gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6-12 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Zhang ◽  
Yonglin Zhou ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Near Work

Abstract Background: The Prevalence of myopia is increasing in China. This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, body mass index (BMI), gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6 to 12 years. Methods: A total of 6362 students were recruited for ophthalmological investigation. Demographic and myopia related behavioral information was collected. SE value was measured by the Topcon RM-8900 or KR-800autorefractors. Potential independent risk factors were determined with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) by logistic regression analysis. We further constructed the nomogram model to predict future onset of myopia.Results: Among the study population, 3900 (61.3%) were non-myopic. The prevalence of myopia is 38.0% for boys and 39.5% for girls. The average SE values were 0.50±0.70 D for boys and 0.60±0.80 D for girls. The mean SE values decreased with age, and the value of height and BMI took on a stable trend. Threshold values for myopia varied across age groups and gender. Paternal myopia (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01-1.48), near-work activities on weekends (2.56, 1.17-5.61), and outdoor activities (0.68, 0.54-0.86) were associated with potential myopic in students. Conclusion: A series of age-gender based SE threshold values were established to predict myopia in Chinese children aged 6 to 12 years. High risk factors for myopia included paternal myopia, near-work activities on weekends, and outdoor activities. Countermeasures are encouraged to reverse the increasing trend of myopia in children.

scholarly journals The distribution of refraction by age and gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6-12 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Zhang ◽  
Yonglin Zhou ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Children ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Alert Threshold ◽  
Near Work

Abstract Background: This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, BMI, sex in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6 to 12 years. Alarming threshold values were proposed to predict the future onset of myopia, and relationship between alert values and myopia related factors was explored.Methods: Demographic information was gathered from an ophthalmic examination taken by a total of 6362 students. SE value was obtained by the application of autorefractors. Some of the parents filled in a questionnaire of factors related to myopia among children.Results: Among 6362 students, 3900 (61.3%) were non-myopic. The prevalence of myopia is 38.0% for boys and 39.5% for girls. The average SE values were 0.50±0.70 D for boys and 0.60±0.80 D for girls. The mean SE values decreased with age, and the value of height and BMI took on a stable trend. Alarming threshold values for myopia were set as follows: for children aged 6 years, 0.40-0.60 D for boys and 0.80-1.00 D for girls; for children aged 7 years, 0.40-0.60 D for boys and 0.30-0.50 D for girls; for children aged 8 years, 0.20-0.40 D for boys and 0.30-0.50D for girls; for children aged 9 years, 0.20-0.40 D for boys and 0.30-0.40D for girls; for children aged 10 years, 0.10-0.30 D for boys and 0.30D for girls; for children aged 11 years, 0.10-0.30 D for boys and -0.30-0.30 D for girls; for children aged 12, -0.10-0.10 D for boys and -0.30-0.10 D for girls. Paternal myopia (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01-1.48), near work on weekends (OR: 2.56, 95%CI: 1.17-5.61), and outdoor activities (OR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.54-0.86) had an impact on non-myopic students with myopic alarming threshold.Conclusion: This study described a distribution of refraction for non-myopic students in Jiangsu Province, China. A series of alert values were proposed to provide early warning reference for Chinese children aged 6 to 12 years. Paternal myopia, near work, and outdoor activities had an impact on non-myopic students with myopic alert threshold, and sensitive continuous data concerning risk factors mentioned above should be explored to be used as an early alert value in the future.

scholarly journals THE DIFFERENCES OF MIOPIA RISK FACTORS ON MEDICINE STUDENT AND PYSHICAL, HEALTH AND RECREATION EDUCATION STUDENTS IN UNMUL SAMARINDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Ajeng Tri aulia Nanis ◽  
Nur Khoma Fatmawati ◽  
Yuliana Yuliana ◽  
Endang Sawitri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
A Value ◽  
Education Medical ◽  
Near Work

Myopia is refractive abnormality which occurs when eyes are relax and the lights come in parallel, will be refracted at one point in front of the retina. The most significant risk factors for myopia are near work activities. In addition,  spending time outdoors  has been reported to reduce the risk of developing myopia. The research aimed to identify the differences of Risk Factors of myopia in Medicine student with Student of Physical Education, Medical and Recreation in University of Mulawarman Samarinda. This research was an analytic observasional study with Cross Sectional research design. The research subject were 162 students consisted of 81 Medicine student and 81 Student of Physical Education, Medical and Recreation by using techniques stratified random sampling. Mann Whitney test was used to analyze the result of the research. The results of this research showed that 58 people (71.6%) were female and 19 years old as many as 28 people (34.6%) more commonly found in Medicine student that in Student of Physical Education, Medical and Recreation. The majority of students did near work activities which were not good at 77 people (95,1%) in Medicine student and 74 people (91.4%) in Student of Physical Education, Medical and Recreation. Good outdoor activities were more for Student of Physical Education, Medical and Recreation, which was 74 people (91.4%). 49 people (60.5%) had myopia with mild level as much 41 people (83.7%) in Medicine student. The different test showed a value p=0.350 for near work activities, and p=0.000 for outdoor activities and the frequency of myopia. It can be concluded that there was no difference in near vision activities and there was a difference in outdoor activities and the frequency of myopia on Medicine student with Student of Physical Education, Medical and Recreation in University of Mulawarman Samarinda.  

scholarly journals Age and gender based prevalence of obesity in residents of Punjab, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satinderjit Singh ◽  
Ravjit Kaur Sabharwal ◽  
Jagminder Kaur Bajaj ◽  
Indira R. Samal ◽  
Megha Sood
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Background: Obesity is recognized as a chronic disease, associated with a variety of metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological complications. Prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, more so in the developing countries. It is affecting both sexes and all age groups. Body mass index BMI along with presence and severity of obesity associated complications are used to identify, successively increasing stages of obesity. The present study aims to study prevalence of overweight, obesity (stage 0,1,2) and morbid obesity in adult residents of Punjab state in an effort to determine burden of this lifestyle disorder in different age groups and sexes, so that a comprehensive action plan can be designed to target appropriate group with specific preventive measures .Methods: 1000 subjects were surveyed and labelled as non-obese, overweight, obese or morbid obese based on their BMI, presence and severity of obesity related complications. Point prevalence amongst different age groups of both sexes were determined and compared.Results: In study population 41.5% subjects were non-obese, 15.9% were overweight, 29.4% were obese and 13.2% were morbidly obese. The prevalence of all the 3 conditions (overweight, obesity and morbid obesity) increased with increasing age in both sexes. The prevalence was more among females of all age groups than males for ‘overweight’ and ‘obesity’. But gender based difference narrowed down with increasing severity of disease, such that female to male ratio reversed (<1) for morbid obesity. Moreover, peak prevalence of overweight and obesity were attained little later in females as compared to males. However, for morbid obesity peak prevalence is seen in same age group (40-49 years) in both sexes.Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are more prevalent among females of all age groups than males with peak prevalence achieved little later in females as compared to males. However, gender based differences in prevalence decreased as severity increased and morbid obesity was more prevalent among males than females.

Abstract TP117: Outcomes of Elective Carotid Stenting in the Octogenarians

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aws Alawi ◽  
Firas Al Shakarchi ◽  
Randall Edgell ◽  
Amer Alshekhlee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Carotid Stenting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Missing Observations ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Carotid Artery Stent ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Procedure Codes

Background: The CREST trial showed that risk of stroke, MI, death, and composite of the any of the 3 adverse events during the periprocedural period of carotid artery stent (CAS) is 4.1%, 1.1%. 0.7%, and 7.2% respectively. We aim to assess trends of periprocedural outcomes after CAS based on different age strata. Methods: A cohort of patients with CAS is identified from the National In patient Sample database using the procedure codes (00.63) for the years 2001 through 2009. We only included elective admissions for CAS. Missing observations on the death status are eliminated. Age was stratified as follows: < 60, 61-70, 71-80, and > 80. Trend analysis for the following periprocedural outcomes: peri-procedure stroke, myocardial infarction ‘MI’, and death; was performed across different age strata. The Cochrane-Armitage test was used for trend analysis. Results: Over 9 years, 10,655 CAS procedures were performed; 1818 (17.1%) were performed in the octogenarians. Race and gender distribution was similar across the age strata; men and Whites were predominant. In addition to age, co-morbid high risk factors were documented in 91% of the octogenarians compared to 83.2% of those < 60. The overall periprocedural outcome of stroke, MI and death across all ages is 2.37%, (stroke 1.6%, MI 0.66% and death 0.37%). Unfavorable periprocedural outcomes in different age strata are as follows: < 60 (1.1%), 61-70 (1.9%), 71-80 (3%), and > 80 (2.75%); trend P value < 0.0001. The risk of stroke is as follows: < 60 (0.72%), 61-70 (1.3%), 71-80 (2.0%), and > 80 (1.9%), P value < 0.0003; and MI < 60 (0.33%), 61-70 (0.52%), 71-80 (0.85%), and > 80 (0.77%), P value < 0.03. Mortality remained between 0.27 and 0.44 in different age strata; P = 0.54. Conclusion: In this study, periprocedural risks of stroke and MI are lower than what was reported in the CREST trial. A slight increase in these risks is noted with age, though appeared to plateau after age of 70 years.

Prevalence and risk factors of pseudomyopia in a Chinese children population: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316341
Author(s):  
Meng-Tian Kang ◽  
Catherine Jan ◽  
ShiMing Li ◽  
Mayinuer Yusufu ◽  
Xintong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Market Survey ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
School Based ◽  
Near Work ◽  
Myopic Progression

AimsTo investigate the prevalence and predictors of pseudomyopia in Chinese children and its association with myopia progression.MethodsA prospective, school-based, cohort study of 6- and 13-year-old children was conducted in Anyang, China. Pre-cycloplegic and post-cycloplegic autorefraction were performed at baseline and 1 year later. Pseudomyopia was defined as spherical equivalent refractive (SER) error in the better–seeing eye ≤−0.50 D before cycloplegia and >−0.50 D after cycloplegia. Among pseudomyopic children, pseudomyopic power was defined as non-cycloplegic SER subtracted from cycloplegic SER. Market survey was collected in all optometry stores in Anyang city to investigate how cycloplegia is used for refracting children.ResultsA total of 2612 children aged 6 years and 1984 children aged 13 years were included. Of the two cohorts, median cycloplegic SER (IQR) was 1.00 D (0.50, 1.38) and −1.13 D (−2.63, 0.13) respectively, myopia prevalence was 5.2% and 61.0%, pseudomyopia prevalence was 24.1% and 18.9%, and median pseudomyopic power was 1.13 D (0.63, 1.63) and 0.38 D (0.13, 0.88). In both cohorts, greater baseline hyperopia was the strongest predictor of pseudomyopia (p<0.001), whereas time spent on near work was not associated with pseudomyopic power (p>0.05). After 1 year, 15.6% (98/629) of 6-year-olds and 10.7% (40/374) of 13-year-olds with pseudomyopia developed myopia. Compared with myopes, pseudomyopic children with the same pre-cycloplegic SER had slower myopic progression (p<0.001). Among all 127 optometry stores in Anyang, only 4 (3.15%) used cycloplegia for refracting children.ConclusionPseudomyopia is more prevalent in younger, more hyperopic children. Pseudomyopia is not an independent risk factor for myopic progression in this setting.

Sickness leave, administrative category and gender: results from the "Casa Gran' project

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (59_suppl) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Moncada ◽  
Albert Navarro ◽  
Imma Cortès ◽  
Emilia Molinero ◽  
Lucía Artazcoz
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
City Council ◽  
Unskilled Worker ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rate Ratios

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the variations of sickness leave rates among the Barcelona city council civil servants by administrative category and gender Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort including all people who worked for more than six months for the City Council of Barcelona from 1 January 1984 to 31 December 1993. The cohort was composed of 11,647 men and 9,001 women who contribute to a total of 134,928.7 person/years of follow-up. The study population was classified into administrative categories. Sickness leaves were classified into short episodes (less than 11 days) and long episodes (more than 10 days). Age-specifi c rates of long and short episodes of sickness leave were computed in a gender-specifi c analysis. Results : Among men, rate ratios of long spells increased constantly from the middle technician category to the unskilled worker category for the three oldest age groups. This social pattern was not as clear for younger workers. Among women, rate ratios of long spells showed far fewer differences than among men. The social gradient was evident for the three youngest age groups, with the exception of the unskilled workers. The oldest age group showed similar differences between all categories. Short spells followed a different pattern for men and women. Conclusions: Women had generally higher rates than men did, and manual categories had higher rates than non-manual ones, which was more evident for men and long episodes. The relationship between incidence rates and gender could be due to the different contents of the jobs performed by men and women, the infl uence of gender-based work segregation, and the unequal share of the reproductive workload between men and women, information which was not available for this study.

scholarly journals Pattern of cutaneous adverse drug reactions at a tertiary care hospital in southern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Babu L. N. ◽  
Carounanidy Udayashankar ◽  
Kavita Vasudevan ◽  
Sivagnanam G.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Pharmacovigilance Center ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Background: The objective of the study was to assess the pattern of cutaneous adverse drug reactions reported by active surveillance to the Pharmacovigilance center of a tertiary care hospital in southern india, and also to establish the drugs causing the same and observe the age wise and gender based incidence of such reactions.Methods: The cutaneous ADRs (CADRs) reported to the Pharmacovigilance center of the institution were analysed retrospectively during the period of March 2013 to December 2015. The various pattern of skin reactions and the most frequent drugs causing the same were established. An age wise and gender based incidence of CADRs and drugs causing them were also reported.Results: A total of 293 cases were taken for analysis. The male female ratio was 0.89-1.in our study. Among the age wise distribution of CADRs, 57(19.4%) were seen in paediatric, 194(66.2%) in adults and 33(11.2%) in geriatric age groups. The most frequent drugs to cause the CADRs were antimicrobials 183(62.4%) followed by NSAIDs 38(12.9%) and antacids 17(5.8%).Among the skin reactions urticaria/ angioedema was the most common 109(37.2%) followed by generalised pruritis 57(19.5%) and fixed drug eruption 37(12.6%). In all the age groups and both the sexes urticaria/angioedema and generalised pruritis were the leading skin reactions observed.Conclusions: As CADRs are the most common ADRs among others, it is prudent to monitor them closely, as any change in pattern with older or newer agents can alert the health care personnel in instituting the appropriate prescription patterns, which can overall impact the quality of health care positively.

scholarly journals Generation, Gender and Knowledge Gap in Agrobiodiversity Among Smallholders in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Pashupati Chaudhary ◽  
Deepak Upadhya ◽  
Bishnu Dhakal ◽  
Rajeev Dhakal ◽  
Devendra Gauchan
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

The importance of generation-old local knowledge in advancing agriculture is well recognized worldwide. However, such knowledge is continually eroding together with the extinction of locally evolved genetic materials. Consequently, the knowledge gap between different age groups is widening. The knowledge gap is also widening between male and female due to continuous shift in gender roles in agriculture. Using responses collected from 120 male and female farmers from Bara, the lowland Terai of Nepal, we assessed inter-generational and gender-based knowledge gap of smallholders on agricultural biodiversity by taking rice crop as an example. Based on the standard definition of younger and older generation, the age group was divided into two: &le; 34 (15-34) years old and &gt; 34 years old. Information was collected on: i) rice varieties recalled by respondents, ii) rice varieties recognized by observing standing crop on-farm, iii) rice varieties recognized by observing seed samples, and iv) respondent&rsquo;s experiences and knowledge about selected cultivars. Descriptive analysis, t-test, and Pearson&rsquo;s Correlation were used to analyze the data. Respondents of age group &gt; 34 years old named and identified significantly (p &lt; 0.01) more varieties than age group &le; 34 in overall, indicating that the older generation is more knowledgeable and the knowledge hasn&rsquo;t been adequately inherited to younger generations resulting in the erosion of knowledge. Similarly, males are significantly more knowledgeable than females in overall and among the higher age group category (p &lt; 0.01), likely because males from Madhesi community have wider social networks both within and outside their villages than females. Females are more knowledgeable than males in the lower age group category because girls are engaged more in household chores and farming activities, while boys attain higher grades and travel for off-farm jobs. There was a strong correlation among the three techniques, namely, naming, recognizing standing crops, and recognizing the seeds (p &lt; 0.01). This suggests that all the techniques are robust and can be interchangeably used for such type of studies depending on time and resource availability. This study finally infers that proper knowledge transfer is necessary to reduce the gulf of the knowledge gap between males and females as well as between generations if agrobiodiversity is to be conserved and utilized for growth and development of agriculture in the long run.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document