О находках Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say, 1821) (Acari, Ixodidae) на западе Атырауской области

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Z.Z. Sayakova ◽  
A.A. Bashmakova ◽  
I.G. Kozulina ◽  
I.B. Mellatova
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Rickettsial Diseases

Blood-sucking ticks are vectors of protozoal, bacterial, viral and rickettsial diseases. The study of ixodes ticks: fauna, ecology, biology is of great importance not only for epidemiology but is also of scientific interest. Changes in natural and climatic conditions, hydrological regime, rapid development of human economic activities lead to the changes in the fauna of invertebrates including ixodid ticks. As they invade new territories ticks may expand their habitats for these dangerous for animals and humans infections. That is why the study of tick fauna, changes in species diversity of ticks and monitoring of their abundance is so important for monitoring of natural foci. The emergence of a new species of ixodid tick Rhipicephalus annulatus, in western Kazakhstan, which began to be registered from 2019 in Kurmangazy district of Atyrau region, bordering the Astrakhan region of the Russian Federation and its re-finding in 2020 is a very important fact to assess the epidemiological danger for humans and animals in this territory.

scholarly journals HARMFUL IMPACT OF HORSEFLIES (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE) ON THE ORGANISM OF ANIMALS AND HUMAN (REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
pp. 575-579
Author(s):  
Sivkova
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Main Factors

The study of bloodsucking dipterans, including gadflies, was conducted mainly in the 60-70s of the last century, when the rapid development of oil and gas production began and was associated with the development of means and methods for the pro-tection of humans and animals. Since then, more than 40 years have passed. Dur-ing this time, there was a noticeable warming of the climate, and due to technical progress, the anthropogenic impact on nature increased. Currently, the interest of scientists and researchers to Diptera has significantly increased. Blood-sucking two-winged insects (midges) include mosquitoes (blood line Culicidae), gadflies (blood line Tabanidae), midges (blood line Simuliidae) and biting midges (blood line Cera-topogonidae). The main factors determining the high abundance of midges are favor-able climatic conditions for their reproduction and existence in combination with the abundance of biotopes of hatching (various water bodies and marsh formations) and the habitat of the imago (presence of tree, shrub or high grassy vegetation), as well as the presence of a sufficient number of warm-blooded animals – the source of blood saturation. The damage caused by horseflies to humans and animals is very great. The aim of our work was to summarize the information in the literature about the damage caused by horseflies to farm animals and their role in the transmission of pathogens of humans and animals.

Information about the fauna of ixodid ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) in the north of the Aktobe region

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Zh.U. Katuova ◽  
Z.Z. Sayakova ◽  
A.Zh. Zhaymakhova ◽  
T.T. Koylybayev ◽  
R.A. Utemisova
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Many ◽  
Intensive Development

The territory of the Aktobe region is unfavorable for some zoonotic infectious diseases, which are carried by blood-sucking arthropods. Feeding on the blood of obviously sick wild animals in natural foci, bloodsuckers can attack livestock and people and thereby contribute to the transfer of infectious agents to human settlements. Ixodid ticks are one of the many bloodsuckers capable of preserving and transmitting pathogens of especially dangerous infections to susceptible animals and humans. In the conditions of intensive development of transport communications on the territory of the Aktobe region, ixodids, as carriers of infectious agents, may present serious dangers. Despite many years of research, the tick fauna of the Aktobe region has not been completely studied. In 2018-2020, we conducted studies of ixodids in the north of the Aktobe region to clarify the current state of their fauna. Studies of ticks were carried out in inhibited areas of fi ve districts of the region in natural biotopes, with wild and agricultural animals according to the generally accepted method. As a result of studies in the north of the Aktobe region, the habitat of 5 species of ticks belonging to three genera were revealed: Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus. Key words: fauna, ixodid ticks, vectors, range, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus

scholarly journals Gene-specific features of tick-borne borreliosis in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
S. A. Rudakova ◽  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
S. V. Shtrek ◽  
O. E. Teslova ◽  
N. E. Kaneshova
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Specific Composition ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Aim. To study the gene-specific composition of Borrelia spp. in ixodid ticks inhabiting the foci of ixodid tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) in the south of Western Siberia.Materials and Methods. The gene-specific composition of Borrelia spp. in ixodid ticks was determined by inoculation on a BSK-H nutrient medium, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing (1148 specimens of ixodid ticks collected from vegetation and 2183 specimens withdrawn from humans).Results. Infection of ticks with borrelia ranged from 22.4% in the Altai Republic to 56.9% in the Novosibirsk Region. There were no significant differences in the levels of Borrelia infection between two major ixodides, I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskiy (average infection levels 40.0% and 38.8%, respectively). At least five gene species of pathogenic Borrelia (B. garinii, B. afzelii, B. bavariensis, B. miyamotoi, and B. spielmanii) have been identified. The GenBank database contains 45 nucleotide sequences of the intergenic spacer rrf (5S)-rrl (23S). Prevalence of gene species B. garinii and B. afzelii in different ticks (I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskiy) did not differ significantly, yet B. garinii was found to be more frequent than B. afzelii. The frequency of infection of I. persulcatus ticks with B. miyamotoi was significantly (3.5-fold) as compared to those of B. garinii and B. afzelii. In D. reticulatus ticks, the DNA of B. spielmanii and B. miyamotoi was detected.Conclusion. It is necessary to continue studies to assess the role of the meadow ticks D. reticulatus in the circulation of different Borrelia spp. in various natural foci within the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Number and taxonomic structure of blood-sucking insects community in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-546
Author(s):  
T. A. Khlyzova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
The Impact

The abundance level of blood-sucking Diptera is, to a large extent, determined by natural and climatic conditions and hydrological regime of rivers, and is subject to significant fluctuations. In order to assess the impact of meteorological conditions of the season on the abundance of blood-sucking Diptera, the abundance ratio of horseflies, mosquitoes, blackflies and midges in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region for 2006, 2013-2017 was compared. The study was performed in the surroundings of Isetskoye Village and Barkhatovo Village in Isetsky District of Tyumen Region. This area belongs to the province of Tobol forest-steppe. The study area is located on the left bank of Iset river. The forest-steppe zone is located in the south of the region. The region has very cold winters, the average temperature in January is -18-20ºС. The summer season lasts about 125 days, the average temperature in July is +19-20ºC. Spring and autumn seasons are short. The region is characterized by late frosts in spring until the end of the first decade of June and early autumn, and sometimes in late August. Analysis of data obtained showed that of the six seasons studied the largest gnus abundance was registered in 2014, the minimum abundance was in 2006. The abundance level and the individual components ratio of «GNUS» complex were subject to significant changes depending on the season, in 2006 and 2014, the blackflies were mostly collected, and in 2013, 2015-2017 – mosquitoes. Meteorological and hydrological conditions of winter and spring seasons have the greatest impact on the level of insect populations of «gnuts» complex. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance of blackflies was 3 times, midges ‒ 9, horseflies and mosquitoes ‒ 10. The main limiting factors for the mass development of blood-sucking Diptera in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region are hard and dry winters that cause insect death at the pre-imaginal stages of development, as well as huge temperature swings in spring and summer and small areas of breeding grounds.

scholarly journals PROBLEM-DIALOGUE TECHNOLOGY OF FORMING ENVIRONMENTAL COMPETENCE AMONG SPECIALISTS FOR WORK IN THE ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 362-374
Author(s):  
Sergei A. PETROV ◽  
Natali L. MAMAEVA ◽  
Maksim V. NARUSHKO
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Economic Activities

The economic development of the Arctic and the related disturbances in the natural equilibrium of northern ecosystems have become a source of environmental problems that have now become global. In this regard, the urgent question is about finding an affordable and effective learning technology aimed at developing, humanistic, personality-oriented education. In order to discuss the technology of environmental education, as a means of ensuring environmental safety, environmental management and sustainable development of the Arctic, we proposed a questionnaire for obtaining primary environmental and health information, the key point in which is the relationship of ecology and health. Approbation of the problem-dialogue technology of learning allowed, on the basis of clarifying environmental opinions and assessments, value orientations, attitudes, dispositions and stimulating cognitive motivation on the substantive content, to achieve competences to ensure the environmental safety of northern ecosystems during the economic activities of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. This is especially important in the conditions of the Far North with difficult climatic conditions (geomagnetic background, sudden temperature changes, strong wind loads, the presence of permafrost, etc.) and the rapid development of the oil and gas complex (in particular, high accident rate associated with the complexity of technical devices, the use of extreme operating conditions, strong environmental influences, flammability and explosive hazards of mined products, human factor).

scholarly journals THE ABUNDANCE OF BORRELIA INIXODID TICKS OF BAIKAL REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
O.V. Mel’nikova ◽  
◽  
Yu.N. Trushina ◽  
R.V. Adel’shin ◽  
N.V. Yakovchits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Taiga Tick ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Activity Season

Ixodid ticks (n=3714) from natural foci of Baikal Region (Irkutsk Region and Republic of Buryatia) have been examined for pathogenic Borrelia DNA during 2013-2010. On average 40.9 % of the samples were positive for Borrelia markers during the survey period; the range of variantion was – 32–55 %. The increasing of infection rate in ticks is traced in multi-year trends. During the ticks’ activity season, maximal infection rates have been noted at the end of the season (60 %), minimal – at the very beginning of the season (28,6 %) and on the peak of vectors’ abundance (36-39 %). The significant geographical, species and age differences have been detected in Borrelia infection rate of Ixodid ticks. Borrelia DNA have been detected considerably more often in taiga tick (the main vector of Ixodid tick borrelioses in Siberia) and in its nymphs more often, than in adult ticks. There was no difference in the infection rate of male and female ticks, and also between ticks, collected from the vegetation and from human and animals. The ratio og genotyped Borrelia species had been as follows: 64.2 % – B. garinii, 21,7 % – B. afzelii, 14,2 % – B. miyamotoi. Key words: Ixodid ticks, pathogenic Borrelia, PCR, genotyping, Baikal Region.

scholarly journals The number of insects of midges complex and ratio of its various components in the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
T. A. Khlyzova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Preimaginal Stages

The purpose of the research is comparing abundance levels of blood-sucking dipterans in the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen Region for 8 years with different meteorological conditions.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2006 and 2013–2019 in vicinity of the villages of Isetskoe and Barkhatovo, Isetsky District, Tyumen Region. Tabanid flies were collected and counted using funnel-shaped traps permanently on the same pasture on a regular basis once every 5–7 days during the entire emergence period. When counting the number of mosquitoes, midges and sandflies, we used a net with removable bags. Each count included 10 sweeps with a motion of the figure eight "around itself" in 10 replications.Results and discussion. The abundance of blood-sucking dipterans is largely determined by natural and climatic conditions and a hydrological regime of rivers, and is liable to significant fluctuations. The maximum abundance of gnats was recorded in 2014, the minimum in 2006. In comparing the average number for seasons with maximum and minimum abundance, a difference of 3.7 times was found. The abundance level and ratio of individual components of the midges complex depending on the season also underwent significant changes. In collected insects, midges dominated in 2006 and 2014, and mosquitoes in 2013 and in 2015–2019. Meteorological and hydrological conditions in winter and spring had the biggest impact on the abundance level of insects of the midges complex. Fluctuations in the abundance were 9 times for mosquitoes, 20 times for tabanid flies, and 39 times for midges and sandflies depending on the season. The main limiting factors for mass development of blood-sucking Diptera in the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen Region are hard and dry winters which cause death of some insects at the preimaginal stages in development, as well as sharp changes in air temperature in the spring-summer period and small areas of breeding places.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genetic markers in blood-sucking ticks in suburban park zones in Saint Petersburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Panferova ◽  
A. N. Vaganova ◽  
O. A. Freylikhman ◽  
K. A. Tretyakov ◽  
S. G. Medvedev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Blood Sucking

Tick-borne bacterial and viral infections are widespread in middle latitudes of the Northern hemisphere. Natural foci of such infections coincide with geographic areas inhabited by ixodid ticks. Ixodid tick-borne borreliosis is a pressing issue for some territories of Russia, especially for the North-Western Federal District and St. Petersburg megalopolis as well as adjacent areas of the Leningrad District, where people may become infected after tick bite in recreational zones in suburban park areas. Currently, very few publications regarding prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in St. Petersburg area are available. In our study, questing ticks flagged in park zone (northern coast of Finnish Gulf, Kurortny District) were examined with PCR for carriage of pathogenic B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex. In addition, samples positive for Borrelia DNA signal were further genotyped with species-specific primers against rpoBgene fragment. It was found that Ixodes persulcatus dominated in this area. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. complex comprised 9.33%. Genospecies B. afzelii and less frequently B. garinii were detected. A mixt-infection with two Borel-lia species was detected in one sample. Interestingly, all Borrelia-infected ticks belonged to I. persulcatus suggesting a closer association for certain species in «pathogen-vector» system. Our findings are essential in investigating distribution of ixodid borreliosis foci in St. Petersburg and suburbs, obtaining new data regarding epidemiology, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of this infection. It is noteworthy than prevalence of pathogenic Borrelia spp. vs. tick-borne encephalitis virus in vectors was higher thereby accounting for its higher morbidity. Comparing our data with those published elsewhere by European researchers allows to note that prevalence of pathogenic Borrelia spp. in ticks varies broadly in diverse geographic regions. It is necessary to take into consideration that prevalence of Borrelia markers achieves ~10% in ticks given frequent attendance of park areas near St. Petersburg that point at risk of developing bor-reliosis in recreational zones.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Genetic Diversity of Kemerovo Virus in Ixodid Tick of Western Siberia

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
S. E. Tkachev ◽  
A. Yu. Tikunov ◽  
I. V. Babkin ◽  
N. N. Livanova ◽  
S. G. Livanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Northeastern Altai ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
First Time

Kemerovo virus (KEMV), a member of Reoviridae family, Orbivirus genus, is transmitted by ixodes ticks and can cause the damage of human central nervous system. The occurrence and genetic diversity of KEMV in Western Siberia still remained poorly studied, so, the aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence and genetic variability of KEMV in ixodid ticks from Western Siberia. A total of 1958 Ixodes persulcatus, I. pavlovskyi ticks and their hybrids from Novosibirsk and Omsk provinces, Altai Republic (Russia) and East Kazakhstan province (Kazakhstan) were analyzed for the presence of KEMV and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA. It was shown that KEMV distribution area in Western Siberia was wider and included Northern and Northeastern Altai in addition to Omsk and Novosibirsk provinces. For the first time this virus was found in Kazakhstan. The occurrence of KEMV was statistically lower than TBEV in most locations in Western Siberia. KEMV was found both in I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi ticks and in their hybrids. Notably, KEMV variants found in 2010s genetically differ from those isolated in 1960s. Moreover, the possibility of reassortment for KEMV was demonstrated for the first time.

scholarly journals The efficacy of FOS and Fitoverm drugs against Ixodes ticks

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
E. I. Butakov ◽  
L. D. Shamanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Working Solution ◽  
Grass Stand

The purpose of the research is studying the efficacy of FOS and Fitoverm drugs against ixodid ticks.Materials and methods. The study objects were ixodid tick species Ixodes persulcatus (Schulze, 1930), Dermacentor reticulatus (Hermann, 1804) and D. marginatus (Schulzer, 1776) in the imago stage. Ticks were collected in the environment of the Altai plains and mountains from vegetation to the flag under the methodology. The efficacy of drug acaricidal activity was assessed according to the methodological guide. In the laboratory, the ticks were placed in a chamber at a temperature of 7 оC. The effect of drugs was assessed by observation every hour for 2-3 days. Live ticks (20 individuals) were contacted with the drug by immersion three times in the working solution in a permeable fabric container. Neostomosan was used as control. Further tests of FOS and Fitoverm were carried out in the field environment. Briz 25% e.c. was used as control. The plots on which the number of Ixodes had previously been recorded was treated using a sprayer on June 1-2 in the morning. The number of live ticks in the plots was counted 1-2 days after the treatment. The biochemical composition of grass stand on various treated grounds was studied according to standard methods. The results were processed statistically.Results and discussion. The Siberian Scientific-Research Institute of Horticulture has developed a series of environmentally friendly drugs based on natural biologically active substances that have shown high efficacy against Ixodes. These are FOS and Fitoverm, which provided a 100% lethal effect against Ixodes in working concentrations of 3–4% and 0.1–0.3% under laboratory conditions. Treatment with Fitoverm 0.3%, FOS 3% and synthetic industrial drug Briz 25% of e.c. 0.75% of grass stand at the stage of grazing for cattle in pasture conditions statistically significantly reduces the number of ticks by 71–79%.

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