scholarly journals Contrastive analysis of the two translations of Shota Rustaveli’s aphorisms into the English Language

Author(s):  
Nino Dzamukashvili

Our article is an attempt to represent a contrastive analysis of the two translations of Shota Rustaveli’s aphorisms from his timeless epic poem The Night in the Panther’s Skin into the English language; those of by Marjory Scott Wardrop and Venera Urushadze. Our study revealed that though very conscientiously done, both translations lack the lustre and rhyme and rhythm of the poetry of the great poem and the compensation is often rendered on behalf of other stylistic or lexical devices; namely it is alliteration and consonance, parallel structures, in most cases. We have also come to realize that the second translation, by Ms. V. Urushadze is certainly greatly indebted to the first one for both: choice of wording and structure of a phrase. However, it should be noted that Ms. V. Urushadze took more liberty at rendering the aphorisms into English, making them more extended and stylistically more expressive. We hope our little study will be of interest to those individuals who are fascinated by translation challenges and especially that of almost impossible task– translation of great poetry.

Author(s):  
Maryna Baklanova ◽  
Oleksandra Popova

This article is devoted to the problem dealing with the reproduction of communicative semantics while translating English, Chinese economic and political texts into Ukrainian. The content and structure of simultaneous translation were analysed. A contrastive analysis of the linguistic features of the English, Chinese and Ukrainian communicative semantics was made. Some tactics enabling the reproduction of the texts under research into the Ukrainian language within simultaneous translation were specified. Key words: simultaneous translation, transformations, the Chinese language, the English language, the Ukrainian language, speech tempo, time frame.


Author(s):  
Kateryna Mulyk ◽  
Mykola Gumenny

The presented article is aimed at elaborating the problem of the peculiarities of translating English advertising slogans into Ukrainian. The corpus of the research was formed on the basis of the advertising slogans widely circulating in the USA. The main objective of the paper consists in defining the basic strategies and tactics of rendering slogans as subtype of commercials with the preservation of the both semantic and pragmatic components. The results of the carried-out research have proved that there exist common strategies and tactics, allowing to perform adequate and faithful translation from the typologically different English language into Ukrainian. The practical value of the research lies in the fact that the conclusions may be applied in the translation activity. The urgency of this paper arises from the need for efficient strategies and tactics of translating different types of texts in contemporary translation studies. The object of the work is the translation of advertising slogans viewed in the aspect of its faithfulness and adequacy. The subject are strategies, tactics and operations of translating English advertising slogans into Ukrainian. The immediate tasks of the article have been predetermined by the above-mentioned objective and include respectively: the disclosure of the specifics of slogans in the contrasted languages (English and Ukrainian); the outline of the typologically common strategies, tactics and operations of translating slogans. The methodology of this research involved the inductive, the deductive method and the method of contrastive analysis. In the course of the research it has been concluded and experimentally and statistically proved that there exist common strategies, tactics and operations of translating slogans into different languages. It has also been postulated that the pragmatic and the expressive potential of slogans is preserved and rendered in translation. The perspective is seen in reviewing this issue in different Rhaeto-Romanic, Germanic and Slavic languages.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Abeer Hadi Salih

Any language in the world wide has different expressions and terms that convey approval or disapproval that language speakers may use in their daily life. English language for instance, is full of such expressions and can be found in any situation needs to. The present research studies approval and disapproval in English with their counterparts in Arabic as a contrastive study. It tries to search for those terms or sentences that are used to express approval and disapproval in English with their counterparts in Arabic. It aims to highlight the points of similarities and differences between those expressions that are used to state approval and disapproval in the two languages. Also the study includes a contrastive analysis to the expressions of approval and disapproval in English with their equivalents in Arabic in order to come up with the conclusions. It concluded that the approval and disapproval expressions in English language are similar to their counterparts in Arabic language but differ in two points. Firstly in Arabic language main verbs are used to convey approval and disapproval whereas in English are not. Secondly, in English language the exclamatory style is used to express approval in contrast, Arabic language is not. Researchers, teachers, translators and any who cares about English language and linguistics can get benefit from this study, precisely because it includes a comparison between two languages, English language and Arabic, with several types of expressions and terms that are being actually used to express approval and disapproval.


Author(s):  
Tarasova V.V.

The article is devoted to the research of ethnic peculiarities of reality conceptualization, objectified with the help of culturally marked words denoting a widow, which form the corresponding parts of the Ukrainian and English language world models. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to give a contrastive analysis of the verbalizations of the concept WIDOW in Ukrainian and English linguocultures.Methods. The paper uses a comprehensive methodology that combines the following methods: contrastive – to identify common and distinctive features of the concept of WIDOW in the languages under comparison; conceptual-semiotic analysis – to reveal the cognitive mechanisms of the embodiment of the concept; contextual-interpretive analysis – to clarify the peculiarities of the representation of the concept in paremiae.Results. In the highlight of contrastive ethnolinguistic studies and theory of conceptual analysis, is there performed and revealed a structure-semantic reconstruction of the concept of WIDOW, as well as the principles of its semantic-conceptual organization in the English and Ukrainian language pictures of the world. The set of the conceptual and semantic marks is determined, due to the concept structure constituents (conceptual proper, imagery-associative and value), the main ideographic conceptual domains are revealed, the analyzed concept being axiologically marked and its associative linkage, due to the scope of its conceptual correlates are determined.Factors that influence on the conceptualization of the objective reality by the given ethnic groups are determined. Certain ethnocultural and ethnolinguistic peculiarities and general characteristics of verbalization of the concept WIDOW peculiar to both languages are found out. Conclusions. The analyses of widow nominations showed the allomorphism of national peculiarities of reality conceptualization, which are influenced by archetype types, historical and cultural actuality. It is shown that WIDOW in Ukrainian culture can be viewed as a taboo concept which content is marked by negative axiological status due to the socio-cultural views formed in the period predetermining the inadmissibility of its direct naming in relevant social situations.Key words: culturally marked words, language world model, taboo concept, ethnic mentality, widow’s image, conceptual mark. Стаття присвячена вивченню етнічних особливостей концептуалізації дійсності, об’єктивованих у культурно маркованих лексичних одиницях на позначення жінки-вдови, що утворюють відповідні фрагменти української та англійської національно-мовних картин світу. Метою роботи є зіставний аналіз засобів вербалізації концепту ВДОВА/WIDOWв англійській та українській лінгвокультурах.Методи. У роботі застосовується комплексна методика, яка поєднує такі методи: зіставний – для виявлення спільних і відмінних рис концепту ВДОВА/WIDOW у зіставлюваних мовах; концептуально-семіотичний аналіз – для розкриття когнітивних механізмів утілення концепту; контекстуально-інтерпретаційний аналіз – для з’ясування особливостей репрезентації концепту у пареміях.Результати. Крізь призму зіставної лінгвокультурології та теорії концептуального аналізу здійснено структурно-семан-тичну реконструкцію концепту ВДОВА/WIDOW та виявлено принципи його семантико-концептуальної організації в англійській та українській мовних картинах світу. Визначено набір концептуальних та семантичних ознак аналізованого концепту з урахуванням складників його структури (понятійної, асоціативно-образної, ціннісної), виявлено основні семантико-ідеографічні сфери концепту ВДОВА; з’ясовано аксіологічну маркованість та визначено асоціативні зв’язки досліджуваного концеп-ту з урахуванням його концептуальних корелятів; проаналізовано взаємозв’язок оцінного, культурного й інших компонентів конотації у семантиці фразеологічних одиниць; розглянуто семіотичні механізми стереотипізації уявлень українського етносу про вдову, виявлено їхню детермінацію культурними та психоментальними чинниками, Висновки. Аналіз особливостей об’єктивації концепту ВДОВА/WIDOW в англійській та українській лінгвокультурах дав змогу зробити висновок про стереотипність сприйняття жінки-вдови відповідними лінгвосоціумами та показав аломорфізм національних особливостей концептуалізації дійсності, на які впливають історичні та культурні реалії. Доведено, що в українській культурі концепт ВДОВА є табуйованим, зміст якого відзначається негативним аксіологічним статусом.Ключові слова: національно маркована лексика, табу, етнічна ментальність, образ вдови, концептуальна ознака.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Saleem Akhter ◽  
Behzad Anwar ◽  
Abrar Qureshi

To build a sound vocabulary and to give the basic knowledge of language to ESL students is one of the key issues for English language teachers in Pakistan. They emphasize single word vocabulary build-up along with grammatical construction of a sentence at the same time by making its Urdu translation without taking any considerable notice of the use of collocation (the naturally co-occurring words) not by chance but chosen by the native speakers consistently as a psycholinguistic consideration. This phenomenon results in the development of erroneous writing and speaking skills on the part of ESL students. So, the purpose of present study is to give a concrete description of English/Urdu collocations and to highlight the scope of English/Urdu collocations in Second Language Acquisition and Learning. A corpus based approach has been adopted to give the description of English/Urdu collocations based on contrastive analysis to point out the equivalent and non-equivalent collocations. The data is analyzed to emphasize the importance of teaching non-equivalent English/Urdu collocations to Pakistani students. This brief paper suggests the practical solutions of the present problem.


2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-348
Author(s):  
Marijana Alujević ◽  
Tanja Brešan Ančić ◽  
Dijana Vinčić

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview and the analysis of collocations, one of the most significant aspects of idiomatic use of language. A special emphasis has been put on a comparative review of the most common Light Verb Constructions consisting of light verbs (cro. lagani glagoli, ital. verbi supporto) and nouns in Croatian, English and Italian language. The aforementioned construction is chosen since it is extremely common in the early stages of language acquisition. Moreover, the aim of the conducted contrastive analysis has been to determine overlaps in order to use the examples of positive transfer in teaching lexis (English/Italian – L2), as well as to prevent negative interference such as false analogies. The research is based on the assumption that the number of completely concordant collocations taught in the early stages of foreign language acquisition is limited. Thus, prompt detection and putting emphasis on their relevance is essential. Following the discussion of the results of the contrastive analysis, the relevance of teaching collocations, i.e. presenting the most common collocations simultaneously with new vocabulary will be stressed. In accordance with the above­mentioned, we believe that collocational approach is the most useful and effective in teaching languages.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Lan Zhou ◽  
Qiang Sun

Although much research has been conducted on language features of advertising, little has been reported on the contrast between language use in advertisements, particularly advertisements in English and those in Chinese. Drawing on Halliday and Hasan’s theory about cohesion in text, this paper reports on the explicit cohesion devices used in advertising texts in English and Chinese. The data were derived from Singapore, a multilingual country where English and Chinese are two important languages. A total of thirty advertisements in English and their Chinese versions were analyzed for the distribution of explicit cohesive devices, i.e., lexical cohesion and grammatical cohesion. The study reveals that advertisements in English used more reference and conjunction devices than those in Chinese, whereas Chinese language advertisements employed more ellipsis devices than English language advertisements. It also finds that there were no differences in the use of substitution and lexical devices in English or Chinese language advertisements. The conclusion of the study is finally drawn and the further study is suggested.


Author(s):  
Lalu Suhirman

This article aims to identify the differences between Indonesian and English in constructing affirmative, negative, and interrogative  sentences in simple present and present progressive, and simple past and past progressive tenses. This research is descriptive qualitative design. The 40 first semester students of STIKOM Jayapura was selected as research subject. The result indicated that Contrastive Analysis was the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their differences and similarities with the assumption the different elements between the native (Indonesian) and the target (English) language caused learning problems, while similar elements did not cause any problems. Contrastive analysis hypothesis is criticized for not all problems predicted by contrastive analysis always appear to be difficult for the students. Errors that do turn up are not predicted by contrastive analysis, but if errors cannot be identified through Contrastive Analysis, it will be suggested using Error Analysis. 


Author(s):  
Isa Spahiu ◽  
Edita Kamberi Spahiu

Language is a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols. Learning a foreign language is never easy especially when we try to express our thought, opinions, feelings and ideas from mother language to target language. Because English is so widely spoken, it has often been referred to as a “world language” or “lingua franca’. While it is not an official language in most countries, it is currently the language most often taught as a foreign language. Since English language is taught as foreign language in our country learning its grammar is still challenging. Proper grammar is essential for learning and comprehending the second language knowing that grammar is a guide how language should be written and spoken. As basic Grammar deals with parts of speech this paper will concentrate on adjective both in English and Albanian their formation, function, degree, order and semantic classification. This seminar paper deals with contrastive analyses of English and Albanian adjectives and aims at describing and analyzing similarities and differences that exist between them. The methodology of the study is descriptive and contrastive. Even though the English and Albanian languages belong to the Indo-European family they do share similarities and differences both in morphological and syntactical terms.  


2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Lewandowski

Gender stereotyping in educational materials (especially in EFL textbooks) has been a common theme in linguistic research (cf., e. g., Hellinger 1980; Porreca 1984; Freebody/Baker 1987; Sunderland 1994; Lee/Collins 2010). However, very little attention has been paid to the representation of men and women in EFL/ESL grammar textbooks; i. e. the way both genders are portrayed in constructed examples of usage and practice sentences. The present contribution is intended to fill this gap. The paper investigates the scope of gender stereotyping from a diachronic perspective: it seeks to demonstrate whether and how the images of men and women have changed following the dissemination of guidelines for non-sexist language and equal treatment of the two genders in English language educational materials. To this aim, two corpora have been compiled. The first one includes sentences derived from three EFL textbooks published in the 1970s and 1980s, while the other one contains analogous data from three 21st century titles. The contrastive analysis of the sentences in the two corpora across 11 semantic domains has found that the recently published grammar textbooks portray the two genders in a much less stereotyped way than the 20th century course books.


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