VIRTUAL CT COLONOSCOPY: METHODOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING RESEARCH AND INTERPRETATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
IATAMZE TANDILAVA ◽  
OTAR URUSHADZE ◽  
DAVID TSETSKHLADZE ◽  
IRAKLI AVAZASHVILI ◽  
GIVI TSETSKHLADZE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Virtual Ct

Virtual CT colonoscopy is an accurate, highly informative, and less invasive method of examining the colon. The predominant and additional positive ability of virtual CT colonoscopy is the ability to detect non-intestinal pathologies. Based on the high sensitivity and specificity of the method to the developmental abnormalities of the colon, diverticula, polyps, cancer and other volumetric formations, we can conclude that virtual CT colonoscopy is one of the main methods of diagnosis and screening for diseases of the colon.

scholarly journals Evaluation of tubal patency by sonosalpingography is as good as hysterosalpingography in infertile women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 5129
Author(s):  
C. Santhana Lakshmi ◽  
Kumara Sampath ◽  
Parvatha Vardani
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Tubal Patency ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Tubal Factor ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers ◽  
Health Care Centers

Background: Tubal pathology is one of the causes of infertility in sub fertile couples. Therefore, evaluation of fallopian tubes forms an essential part of evaluation in a sub fertile woman. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of sonosalpingography which is a less invasive method when compared to hysterosalpingogram for evaluation of utero-tubal factor in females.Methods: A total of 95 patients 69 with primary infertility and 26 with secondary infertility attending our Obstetrics and Gynecology department were recruited for the study from June 2016 to July 2017. All the study subjects underwent Sonosalpingography on day 5th to 7th and Hysterosalpingography on 7th to 9th day of the menstrual cycle. Data was collected and compared to assess the sensitivity and specificity of sonosalpingography over hysterosalpingography. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software version 16.0.Results: Sonosalpingography (SSG) has 97% sensitivity and 94% specificity in comparison to hysterosalpingography (HSG). Analysis of the raw data gave positive predictive value of 98.3% and negative predictive value of 75%. From the results of this study it clear that there is no statistically significant difference (p = 0.237) between the results of the two methods (SSG and HSG).Conclusions: As sonosalpingogrpahy has high sensitivity and specificity and is less invasive. It should be used initially to assess tubal patency in cases of infertility. SSG is found to be a reliable, relatively less expensive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in the management of infertility in females. Easy availability and accessibility of ultrasound in all primary health care centers definitely can prove superior to conventional method of diagnosis of tubal patency in such patient.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Prostate Cancer Detection by Measuring Expression Level of miR-21 and miR-214 in Urine

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Emamvirdizadeh ◽  
Faranak Jamshidian ◽  
Maliheh Entezari ◽  
Saghi Nooraei ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. Diagnosis in this cancer is primarily done, using aggressive methods such as biopsy. Laboratory methods, such as the measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood, do not have high sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of diagnostic biomarkers, can diagnose diseases such as cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA with a length of 21 to 23 nucleotides. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine of patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy controls. Methods: A total of 70 urine samples from prostate cancer patients (32 metastatic and 38 non-metastatic) and 30 from healthy subjects with negative biopsy reports were collected. The expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: miR-21 showed a significant increase in expression (P = 0.003) and miR-214 showed a significant decrease in expression (P = 0.000) compared with the control group. The specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve (AUC) were 100, 72.14, and 0.721% for combined panels of miR-21 and miR-214 and 63.33, 61.43, and 0.620%, respectively, for PSA. Conclusions: miR-21 and miR-214 showed significant change in expression in patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy subjects. It is hoped that, with further research, a combined panel of miR-21 and miR-214 can be used as a non-invasive method for detecting prostate cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity than the PSA test.

scholarly journals Non‑invasive prostate cancer detection by measuring expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in urine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Emamvirdizadeh ◽  
Faranak Jamshidian ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi ◽  
Saghi Nooraei ◽  
Maliheh Entezari
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Detect Prostate Cancer ◽  
Group A

Abstract Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. Diagnosis in this cancer is primarily done using aggressive methods, such as biopsy. Laboratory methods, such as measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the blood, do not have high sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs, a group of diagnostic biomarkers, can be used to diagnose diseases such as cancer. MicroRNA is small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA with a length of 21-23 nucleotides. The present study was undertaken to investigate changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine to detect prostate cancer. Methods: Testing was done on 70 urine samples from prostate cancer patients (32 metastatic and 38 non-metastatic) and 30 from healthy individuals with negative biopsy reports as the control group. Changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine were investigated by using qRT-PCR. Results: miR-21 showed a significant increase in expression (p = 0.003) and miR-214 showed a significant decrease in expression (p = 0.000) over the results of the control group. The specificity, sensitivity and AUC for combined panels of both microRNAs were 100%, 72.14% and 0.721 and for PSA were 63.33%, 61.43% and 0.620, respectively. Conclusions: The results show that miR-21 and miR-214 show significant changes in expression in patients with prostate cancer compared to the control group. A combined panel of miR-21 and miR-214 can be used as a non-invasive method for detecting prostate cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity than the PSA test.

Detector-C: A Blood-based IVD with High Sensitivity and Specificity for Early Detection and Screening of Colorectal Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rosenthal ◽  
H Köppen ◽  
R Musikowski ◽  
R Schwanitz ◽  
J Behrendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Sensitivity

Trends in Diagnosis for Active Tuberculosis Using Nanomaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1946-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Minh Tu Phan ◽  
Lemma Teshome Tufa ◽  
Hwa-Jung Kim ◽  
Jaebeom Lee ◽  
Tae Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

Background:Tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is difficult to diagnose based only on signs and symptoms. Methods for TB detection are continuously being researched to design novel effective clinical tools for the diagnosis of TB.Objective:This article reviews the methods to diagnose TB at the latent and active stages and to recognize prospective TB diagnostic methods based on nanomaterials.Methods:The current methods for TB diagnosis were reviewed by evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the trends in TB detection using nanomaterials were discussed regarding their performance capacity for clinical diagnostic applications.Results:Current methods such as microscopy, culture, and tuberculin skin test are still being employed to diagnose TB, however, a highly sensitive point of care tool without false results is still needed. The utilization of nanomaterials to detect the specific TB biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity can provide a possible strategy to rapidly diagnose TB. Although it is challenging for nanodiagnostic platforms to be assessed in clinical trials, active TB diagnosis using nanomaterials is highly expected to achieve clinical significance for regular application. In addition, aspects and future directions in developing the high-efficiency tools to diagnose active TB using advanced nanomaterials are expounded.Conclusion:This review suggests that nanomaterials have high potential as rapid, costeffective tools to enhance the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB. Hence, portable nanobiosensors can be alternative effective tests to be exploited globally after clinical trial execution.

Value of Coronary Calcium Scoring in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala T. Salem ◽  
Eman A.S. Sabek
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Coronary Calcium ◽  
Risk Estimate ◽  
Calcium Scoring ◽  
Coronary Calcium Scoring ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Aim and Objective: To estimate the relationship between Coronary Calcium Scoring (CCS)and presence of different degrees of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) to avoid unnecessary examinations and hence unnecessary radiation exposure and contrast injection. Background: Coronary Calcium Scoring (CCS) is a test uses x-ray equipment to produce pictures of the coronary arteries to determine the degree of its narrowing by the build-up of calcified plaques. Despite the lack of definitive data linking ionizing radiation with cancer, the American Heart Association supports widely that practitioners of Computed tomography Coronary Angiography (CTCA) should keep “patient radiation doses as low as reasonably achievable but consistent with obtaining the desired medical information”. Methods: Data obtained from 275 CTCA examinations were reviewed. Radiation effective doses were estimated for both CCS and CTCA, measures to keep it as low as possible were presented, CCS and Framingham risk estimate were compared to the final results of CTCA to detect sensitivity and specificity of each one in detecting obstructive lesions. Results: CCS is a strong discriminator for obstructive CAD and can with high sensitivity and specificity and correlates well with the degree of obstruction even more than Framingham risk estimate which has high sensitivity and low specificity. Conclusion: CCS helps reducing the effective radiation dose if properly evaluated to skip unnecessary CTCA if obstructive lesions was unlikely, and as a test does not use contrast material, harmful effect on the kidney will be avoided as most of coronary atherosclerotic patients have renal problems.

scholarly journals Blood-Based Detection of Colorectal Cancer Using Cancer-Specific DNA Methylation Markers

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Nam-Yun Cho ◽  
Ji-Won Park ◽  
Xianyu Wen ◽  
Yun-Joo Shin ◽  
Jun-Kyu Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Marker Panel ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Methylight Assay

Cancer tissues have characteristic DNA methylation profiles compared with their corresponding normal tissues that can be utilized for cancer diagnosis with liquid biopsy. Using a genome-scale DNA methylation approach, we sought to identify a panel of DNA methylation markers specific for cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). By comparing DNA methylomes between CRC and normal mucosal tissues or blood leukocytes, we identified eight cancer-specific methylated loci (ADGRB1, ANKRD13, FAM123A, GLI3, PCDHG, PPP1R16B, SLIT3, and TMEM90B) and developed a five-marker panel (FAM123A, GLI3, PPP1R16B, SLIT3, and TMEM90B) that detected CRC in liquid biopsies with a high sensitivity and specificity with a droplet digital MethyLight assay. In a set of cfDNA samples from CRC patients (n = 117) and healthy volunteers (n = 60), a panel of five markers on the platform of the droplet digital MethyLight assay detected stages I–III and stage IV CRCs with sensitivities of 45.9% and 95.7%, respectively, and a specificity of 95.0%. The number of detected markers was correlated with the cancer stage, perineural invasion, lymphatic emboli, and venous invasion. Our five-marker panel with the droplet digital MethyLight assay showed a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of CRC with cfDNA samples from patients with metastatic CRC.

scholarly journals Ultrarapid On-Site Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Using Simple ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and an Analysis Algorithm: High Sensitivity and Specificity

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 2950-2958
Author(s):  
Valério G. Barauna ◽  
Maneesh N. Singh ◽  
Leonardo Leal Barbosa ◽  
Wena Dantas Marcarini ◽  
Paula Frizera Vassallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Analysis Algorithm

scholarly journals Development of Injectable Polydactyly-Derived Chondrocyte Sheets

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3198
Author(s):  
Shiho Wasai ◽  
Eriko Toyoda ◽  
Takumi Takahashi ◽  
Miki Maehara ◽  
Eri Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Injection Control

We are conducting a clinical study of the use of allogeneic polydactyly-derived chondrocyte sheets (PD sheets) for the repair of articular cartilage damage caused by osteoarthritis. However, the transplantation of PD sheets requires highly invasive surgery. To establish a less invasive treatment, we are currently developing injectable fragments of PD sheets (PD sheets-mini). Polydactyly-derived chondrocytes were seeded in RepCell™ or conventional temperature-responsive inserts and cultured. Cell counts and viability, histology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and flow cytometry were used to characterize PD sheets-mini and PD sheets collected from each culture. To examine the effects of injection on cell viability, PD sheets-mini were tested in four experimental conditions: non-injection control, 18 gauge (G) needle, 23G needle, and syringe only. PD sheets-mini produced similar amounts of humoral factors as PD sheets. No histological differences were observed between PD sheets and PD sheets-mini. Except for COL2A1, expression of cartilage-related genes did not differ between the two types of PD sheet. No significant differences were observed between injection conditions. PD sheets-mini have characteristics that resemble PD sheets. The cell viability of PD sheets-mini was not significantly affected by needle gauge size. Intra-articular injection may be a feasible, less invasive method to transplant PD sheets-mini.

A PCR assay with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of swine toxoplasmosis based on the GRA14 gene

2021 ◽  
pp. 109566
Author(s):  
Xi He ◽  
Derong Zhou ◽  
Yanwu Sun ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Xiaogang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pcr Assay
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document