scholarly journals Role of Antibiotics in Neonates Born through Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Ravi Tiwari ◽  
Om Shankar Chaurasiya ◽  
Sapna Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibiotic Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sepsis Screen ◽  
Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid

The objective of our study was to compare the clinical course and infection related outcome in cases of meconium stained amniotic fluid neonates treated with or without antibiotic therapy. One hundred fifty eligible neonates were randomized to antibiotic group and non antibiotic group. Both groups were compared for development of sepsis screen and final outcome in both groups were compared. The incidence of sepsis screen positive was observed in both groups. In antibiotic group sepsis screen was positive in 5 cases and in non antibiotic group sepsis screen was positive in 4 cases. overall incidence of sepsis screen positive was similar in both antibiotic and non antibiotic group. The difference was not found to be statistically significant (p value = 1.00 and chi square value 0.118). Final outcome in both antibiotic group and non antibiotic group showed that in antibiotic group, out of 75 neonates 71 were discharged successfully and 4 were died. In non antibiotic group, 73 were discharged successfully and 2 died, out of 75 neonates. There was statistically no significant difference on final outcome between these two groups (p value 0.68 and chi square value 0.694). Conclusion: There was no difference in the incidence of infection and in final outcome in neonates born through meconium stained amniotic fluid treated with or without antibiotics. Keywords: Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid, Neonates, Antibiotic Therapy.

scholarly journals Frequency of Extractions in Various Skeletal Patterns in Orthodontic Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Ahsan Khalid ◽  
Zubair Hassan Awaisi ◽  
Muhammad Anas Sufian ◽  
Zainab Ahmed ◽  
Sameera Jamshed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Data Registration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Extraction Pattern ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: When the 20th century started Orthodontics was first recognized as a science. The removal or extraction of teeth destroys the ideal esthetics and occlusion, which was the base of orthodontic treatment plans. Edward Hartley Angle and his followers were not supporters of extraction due to this reason. Extreme dental or maxillary protrusion leading to facial deformities could be corrected by dental extraction was supported by Calvin Case who was a strong opponent of the Angle., for mainly analyzing the frequency of use of orthodontic extractions after evaluating the changes in the use of extraction in past years. The frequency of extractions was examined in relation to gender and Angle’s malocclusion classification. Materials and Method: This is a retrospective observational study. It was conducted in Orthodontics Department of Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, from 2015 to 2020. In this study records from 1032 patients who reported to orthodontic department in Nishtar institute of dentistry Multan for fixed orthodontic treatment were taken. For data registration SPSS 20 (IBM Chicago Illinois) was used. Frequency of extractions with regards to gender, skeletal pattern and types of extraction pattern was determined. In order to assess the association among variables Chi square test was applied and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Result: In respect of extraction group, 222 (41.3%) were males and 316 (58.7%) were female and whereas in nonextraction group, 83 (16.8%) were males and 411 (83.2%) were females. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The frequency of extraction in reference to Angle’s classification was analyzed, and no significant difference was found (p=0.992). Frequency of extraction was highest in class-II division-I malocclusion, and the lowest frequency of orthodontic tooth extraction was seen in class-II division-II malocclusion. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results of our study that females had higher frequency of extractions as compared to males. Similarly, class II malocclusion patients had highest frequency while lowest frequency was in Class I malocclusions.

scholarly journals SORE THROAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (09) ◽  
pp. 1421-1425
Author(s):  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Sabir Khan ◽  
Haroon Israr ◽  
Aamir Furqan
Keyword(s):  
Sore Throat ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Trial Setting

Objectives: To compare the effect of ketamine nebulization and ketamine gargleon post operative sore throat. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Setting: Department ofAnaesthesia Ibn e Sina Hospital. Multan and National, Lahore. Period: May 2016 to May 2017.Methodology: After provision form ethical committee and informed consent to be included instudy. Patients of age 20-60 years, ASA status I and II, elective surgeries under GA and both sexwere included in the study through consecutive sampling technique. SPSS software was used toanalyze all variables included in the study continuous variables were measured and presentedas mean and standard deviation, categorical measurement were measured in numbers andpercents. Chi square test was applied to check the difference among both groups. P value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Overall, 100% (n=160) patients were included, inthis study; divided into two equal groups, 50% (n=80) in each, gargled ketamine group (GKgroup) and nebulization group (NK group) respectively. The incidence of postoperative sorethroat at 0, 2, 4, and 24 hours, in GK group, was (n=8) 40%, (n=4) 20%, (n=3) 15% and (n=3)15%respectively. While, at corresponding time point in group NK it was (n=1) 5%, (n=7) 35%,(n=4) 20% and (n=2) 10%respectively. Conclusion: The observations of our study revealedthat ketamine nebulization and ketamine gargles having no significant difference in reductionof POST incidence.

scholarly journals Differences of young adult smokers and non-smokers saliva reviewed by salivary pH, viscosity, and volume

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Dias Mareta Kusumaningrum ◽  
Sri Tjahajawati ◽  
Ervin Rizali
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Oral Tissue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Salivary pH, viscosity and volume play an important role in maintaining tooth and oral tissue integrity. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the difference of young adult smokers and non-smokers saliva reviewed by its pH, viscosity and volume. Methods: The research sample of 28 smokers and 24 non-smokers. Saliva was collected by spitting method then the pH, viscosity and volume was measured. The data was analyze using independent sample t-test and chi-square. Results: The result indicated that there was a significant difference in the mean value of salivary pH on smokers and non-smokers with p-value 0.000 (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean value of salivary viscosity on smokers and non-smokers with p-value 0.000 (p < 0.05.) There was a significant difference in the mean value of salivary volume on smokers and non-smokers with p-value 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The conclusion of the research showed that salivary pH of smokers was lower than non-smokers, salivary viscosity of smokers was higher than non-smokers and salivary volume of smokers was fewer than non-smokers.Keywords: Young adult, smokers, non-smokers, saliva, salivary pH, salivary viscosity, salivary volume

scholarly journals The Difference of Asphyxia Neonatorum Incident between Very Preterm Labor That Is Followed or Not by Premature Rupture of Membranes at RSD dr. Soebandi of Jember

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Nely Masruroh ◽  
Yonas Hadisubroto ◽  
Rena Normasari
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Labor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asphyxia Neonatorum ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Asphyxia neonatorum is an infant's inability to breathe spontaneously and regularly soon after birth. Risk factors of neonatal asphyxia are preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. In the poor and developing countries there are many occurrences of asphyxia at gestation less than 32 weeks (very preterm). The aim of this study is to describe the incidence of asphyxia neonatorum in very preterm labor followed by premature rupture of membranes, describes the incidence of asphyxia neonatorum in very preterm labor that is not followed by premature rupture of membranes, and the difference of asphyxia neonatorum incident between very preterm labor that is followed or not by premature rupture of membranes. The type of this research was retrospective analytical observational with cross sectional approach and total sampling technique. The population was a single preterm delivery mother with spontaneous presentation of heads born in RSD dr. Soebandi from January 2015 - January 2017. From 465 mothers, 65 mothers meet the inclusion criteria. Data is processed and presented in the form of frequency distribution table then analyzed using Chi-Square test. The results showed that mothers with very preterm followed by premature rupture of membranes did not have asphyxia (22 mothers or 33.8%) and mothers with very preterm that is not followed by premature rupture of membranes did not have asphyxia (18 mothers or 27.2%). Based on Chi-Square statistical test results obtained p-value (0.298)> α (0.05) and it can be concluded that is statistically at 95% confidence level there is no significant difference in the incident of asphyxia neonatorum between very preterm labor that is followed or not by premature rupture of membranes in RSD dr. Soebandi Kabupaten Jember.Keywords: Asphyxia neonatorum, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes

scholarly journals Age, Sex, Population Density and COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand: A Nationwide Descriptive Correlational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suebsarn Ruksakulpiwat ◽  
Wendie Zhou ◽  
Chantira Chiaranai ◽  
Phongthon Saengchut ◽  
Jane E. Vonck
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Correlational Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
The Difference

Objective: It is reported that age and sex have been identified as potential risk factors for severe outcomes and the distribution of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), although the specifics of these relationships are unclear. Furthermore, little is known about the relationship between age, sex, COVID-19, and population density in Thailand. This study proposed to examine the relationships among age, sex, population density, and the number of COVID-19 patients in Thailand.Material and Methods: In this nationwide descriptive correlational study, the dataset of daily COVID-19 cases in Thailand between January 12, 2020, and November 30, 2020, and population density (people/km2 ) in each province of Thailand was retrieved from the Open Government Data of Thailand, the Registration Office Department of the Interior, the Ministry of the Interior, and the National Statistical Office of Thailand. Chi-square and Pearson product-moment correlation were used to determine the difference and relationships among studied variables. Simple linear regression was used to predict the number of COVID-19 cases based on population density.Results: The findings illustrated a significant difference between male and female patients, in which the number of male patients was higher than female patients across age groups 31-45 years, 40-60 years, and >60 years (p-value<0.010). Further, population density was significantly associated with the number of COVID-19 cases.Conclusion: This investigation would provide intervention planning implications during potential future pandemics, especially in groups at higher risk (males, age 17-46 years old, and people living in high-density population areas).

scholarly journals Meconium aspiration syndrome and neonatal outcome: a hospital based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1330
Author(s):  
Siva Saranappa S. B. ◽  
Shiva Devaraj ◽  
Nithya E.
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Meconium Aspiration ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid

Background: The incidence of meconium stained amniotic fluid is 8-20% among all deliveries. The Aspiration of meconium into the airway results in various short term and long term morbidities and mortality. Timely management of these neonates with meconium in amniotic fluid may prevent Meconium aspiration syndrome.Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore. All live Term neonates born between December 2016 and July 2018 with meconium in amniotic fluid were enrolled in the study. Details of the neonate was entered in the pre-designed Proforma. The objective of this study the outcome of MAS neonates and find factors associated with Meconium aspiration syndrome when compared with Meconium stained amniotic fluid neonates as a whole. These associated factors were presented as Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval. Chi-square test was done where applicable and a p-value <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Meconium aspiration syndrome was seen in 79 out of the 188 neonates born with meconium stained amniotic fluid.Conclusions: The morbidity and mortality in a neonate with Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) to develop meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) can be avoided with timely antenatal care. Meconium-stained babies should be aggressively managed to prevent complications like perinatal asphyxia and respiratory failure which may lead to the mortality. Those neonates with risk for adverse outcome should be managed with special focus on respiratory care with use of assisted ventilation and inhaled nitric oxide and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, where available.

scholarly journals APGAR Score of Neonates Born to Anemic Mothers versus Non-Anemic Mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-249
Author(s):  
Tasleem Bano ◽  
Bushra Nazar ◽  
Muhammad Raza Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Apgar Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maternal Iron

Objective: To determine the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on APGAR score of neonates at one minute.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital Gujrat from January 2017 to November 2017. In total 380 patients (50% anemic and 50% non-anemic mothers) were included in study. Grouping into anemic and non-anemic groups was done, based on their hemoglobin level, MCV, MCH and ferritin levels. APGAR score at 1 minute was noted in neonates born to both groups. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Chi square test was applied to evaluate the difference of APGAR score.Results: Mean age in anemic was 27+4.6 years and in non-anemic 26+5.1 years. The mean hemoglobin among anemic was 8.9+2.1 g/dl and among non-anemic 12.3+1.2 g/dL. Mean MCV in non-anemic 85.7+3.8 fl, while among anemic was 62.4+4.1 fl Mean ferritin levels among anemic were 7.4+1.1 ng/ml. Neonates delivered by anemic mothers had mean APGAR score of 6.5+0.2 and those delivered to non-anemic had 8.7+0.5. The APGAR score of neonates delivered by anemic and non-anemic showed a significant difference (p-value 0.00). The relative risk of having low APGAR score of infant in anemic compared to non-anemic mothers was 29.00 (95% CI, 13.1798-63.8098) with p<0.0001.Conclusion: Maternal anemia is significantly associated with poor APGAR score in neonates.

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

386 An Exploratory Study of Bedtime Procrastination and Emotional Regulation Strategies in Insomnia compared to healthy individuals

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A153-A153
Author(s):  
Goeun Kim ◽  
Hyojin Nam ◽  
Huisu Jeon ◽  
Sooyeon Suh
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bedtime Procrastination

Abstract Introduction Bedtime Procrastination (BP) is defined as the behavior of voluntarily delaying going to bed, without having external reasons for doing so. Recent research on procrastination behavior suggests that when negative emotions are elevated, procrastination behaviors can be triggered in order to find pleasure to avoid and alleviate them. Procrastination can also occur when there is difficulty regulating emotions. In addition, the reason for bedtime procrastination may be different depending on whether the individuals present with insomnia. According to previous studies, patients with insomnia may exhibit more pronounced negative avoidance of bedtime due to prolonged sleeplessness. Therefore, this study compared the difference between of the bedtime procrastination and the emotional regulation strategies between the insomnia group and the healthy group. Methods This study was conducted in 582 adults (mean age 23.06 ±2.16 years), 81.6% females. Individuals scoring higher than 15 on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were classified into the insomnia group (n=375), and those less than 15 were classified into the healthy group (n=207). Participants completed the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), Emotional Regulation Strategies Checklist. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi square test, and independent t tests. Results The insomnia group had significantly higher bedtime procrastination scores than the healthy group (t=-6.241, p&lt;.001), and also the avoidant/distractive regulation style score was significantly higher (t=-1.969, p&lt;.05). In addition, the score of active regulation style was significantly lower in the insomnia group than in the healthy group (t=3.050, p&lt;.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the support-seeking regulation style. Conclusion Based on these results, it was confirmed that there was a difference in the bedtime procrastination and the emotional regulation strategies between the insomnia group and the healthy group. Support (if any) This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2018S1A5A8026807)

scholarly journals Analysis of livestock breeders’ perceptions and their adaptation measures to climate change in Morocco‘s arid rangelands

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Wadii Snaibi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eastern Morocco ◽  
Climate Analysis

AbstractThe high plateaus of eastern Morocco are already suffering from the adverse impacts of climate change (CC), as the local populations’ livelihoods depend mainly on extensive sheep farming and therefore on natural resources. This research identifies breeders’ perceptions about CC, examines whether they correspond to the recorded climate data and analyses endogenous adaptation practices taking into account the agroecological characteristics of the studied sites and the difference between breeders’ categories based on the size of owned sheep herd. Data on perceptions and adaptation were analyzed using the Chi-square independence and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Climate data were investigated through Mann-Kendall, Pettitt and Buishand tests.Herders’ perceptions are in line with the climate analysis in term of nature and direction of observed climate variations (downward trend in rainfall and upward in temperature). In addition, there is a significant difference in the adoption frequency of adaptive strategies between the studied agroecological sub-zones (χ2 = 14.525, p <.05) due to their contrasting biophysical and socioeconomic conditions, as well as among breeders’ categories (χ2 = 10.568, p < .05) which attributed mainly to the size of sheep flock. Policy options aimed to enhance local-level adaptation should formulate site-specific adaptation programs and prioritise the small-scale herders.

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