Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Carbon-Black-Filled Rubber Vulcanizates under Swollen Conditions

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchal Neogi ◽  
A. K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick ◽  
S. P. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Swollen Vulcanizates ◽  
Limiting Value

Abstract 1. For unswollen vulcanizates, storage modulus (E′) decreases with the increase in temperature and decrease in loading and surface area of carbon-black filler. On partial swelling, these effects are much reduced, and E′ becomes independent of surface area and loading on equilibrium swelling. 2. Loss modulus (E″) of unswollen vulcanizates also follows the same trend. However, on swelling in xylene, E″ increases to a great extent because of contributions from both the solvent and the rubber matrix. 3. Loss tangent (tan δ) also decreases with increase in temperature and decrease in loading of carbon black. On swelling, it optimizes at 30 phr loading. 4. Tan δ increases with ϕΨ for unswollen samples, but swollen vulcanizates show an optimum in tan δ at ϕΨ=2.5. 5. Limiting value of storage modulus has been determined for all the filled samples.

Damping Properties of Novel Organic Hybrids of Textile Reclaimed Rubber and Hindered Phenol

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
Xiao Ou Zhou ◽  
Sheng Jiang ◽  
Xiong Yan ◽  
Xue Ting Liu ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hindered Phenol ◽  
Tan Δ

A series of thin, low-cost and environment-friendly organic hybrid composites consisting of reclaimed rubber (R-Rubber) which is a waste product of roller processing of textile mill filled with organic hindered phenol compound 2, 2-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol) (AO2246) were fabricated. In this study the damping property of the R-Rubber composites were tested in the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The study concluded that R-Rubber/AO2246 composites exhibited an exceptional damping performance with a broad temperature range. Meanwhile, by addition of AO2246, the tan δ peak maximum (tan δmax) of R-Rubber/AO2246 composite was remarkably increased up to 1.5. Furthermore, with increasing the AO2246 content, storage modulus (E') and loss modulus (E") increases up to R-Rubber/AO2246 (100/80) and then becomes smaller. There is critical value on E and E" increasing which is caused by the excessive crystallization. The Interaction of AO2246 crystallizing, hybridized state and Molecular hydrogen bond led not only to control Tan δmaxof R-Rubber, but also to regulate glass transition temperature and improve the storage modulus, which make R-Rubber have potential applications in fields of engineering.

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of NR-HDPE Blends

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Akhtar ◽  
S. S. Bhagawan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Loss Tangent ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
Tan Δ

Abstract Dynamic mechanical properties such as storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent have been evaluated over a wide range of temperatures for thermoplastic elastomers prepared from blends of NR and HDPE. It was observed that above room temperature, both storage and loss moduli increased and loss tangent decreased as the HDPE content in the blend increased. The effects of dynamic crosslinking and carbon black filler on dynamic mechanical behavior of 70/30 NR/HDPE blend were also examined. Carbon black increased the storage and loss moduli but lowered and broadened the tan δ peak. On the other hand, crosslinking increased storage modulus and decreased the loss modulus and loss tangent, particularly after the NR Tg. The tan δ peak area which appeared at Tg for NR was proportional to the rubber content in the blends.

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Bio-Based and Synthetic Petroleum Based Polymer Foams with Powder Type Organic Filler at Prolonged Ultra-Violet Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Zulhakimie ◽  
◽  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus ◽  
N S S Sulong ◽  
A Syah Z A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Polymer ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Polymer Foams ◽  
Polymer Foam ◽  
Powder Filler ◽  
Tan Δ

Wood powder filler applied to the bio-based and epoxy polymer foams has the potential to reinforce the polymer foam structure. The 'Meranti' wood filler type was used as the filler in this analysis. In order to observe the pore size of each sample when exposed to different hours of UV exposure using optical microscopy (OM), this study was made.This analysis was conducted to compare the mechanical properties of each sample with different filler ratios of 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15wt% and 20 wt% at different UV exposure hours, which is 0 hour to 6000 hours with a 2000 hour rapid increase. Using the DMA Q800 TA unit, the mechanical properties were studied. In order to obtain the product of their mechanical properties, samples having a scale of 40 x 10 x 5 mm were clamped into the machine. The results will show the value of tan δ, loss modulus and storage modulus from the DMA test.The tan δ value shows that the high tanδvalue will be produced by the higher ratio filler. In contrast to bio-based polymer foams, epoxy polymer foams with powder fillers have the highest tan δ value. It shows that the higher filler ratio can be reported with the lower tan δ value. As the filler ratio filler in the polymer foams increased, the consequence of storage and loss modulus was found to increase. The greater the modulus of loss and the modulus of storage, the lower the temperature. As energy is lost as heat during UV irradiation exposure, bio-based polymer foams with a high powder filler ratio can dissipate more energy.

The Effect of Compositional and Testing Variations on the Dynamic Properties of Compounds Based on Styrene-Butadiene and Polybutadiene Elastomers

1971 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Meyer ◽  
J. G. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Spring Rate ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Black Level

Abstract Important factors of potential use for manipulating static and dynamic stiffness and the damping characteristics of compounds based on styrene-butadiene and polybutadiene elastomers and their blends have been outlined. Their characteristics have been compared with those of IIR and EPDM compounds. The effects of variations in composition are quantitatively defined to assist the compounder in combining these effects in a manner that will lead to a desired combination of properties. In addition to the expected increase in static spring rate and dynamic spring rate with carbon black level, the following responses to compositional variations were found important: 1. The complex dynamic spring rate is more sharply dependent upon carbon black level than the static spring rate. 2. The complex dynamic spring rate is essentially independent of the level of crosslinking while static spring rate increases. 3. Damping coefficient is directly proportional to the level of carbon black and inversely proportional to the level of crosslinking. 4. Styrene level in a polymer blend and plasticizer composition can be used to adjust loss modulus and storage modulus at a given temperature and also to modify the rate of change of these properties with temperature. 5. The strain dependency of storage modulus was found in one instance to vary with the elastomer composition. The IIR vulcanizate, when formulated to the same static modulus, exhibited a larger strain dependence than the SBR, BR, and EPDM composition.

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Nanosilica Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhidayah R. Zamani ◽  
Aidah Jumahat ◽  
Rosnadiah Bahsan
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Epoxy Polymer ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical Stirring ◽  
Tan Δ

In this study, Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) was used to study the effect of nanoparticles, which is nanosilica, on glass transition temperature (Tg) of epoxy polymer. A series of epoxy based nanosilica composite with 5-25 wt% nanosilica content was prepared using mechanical stirring method. The weight fractions of nanosilica in epoxy were 5 wt%, 13 wt% and 25 wt%. 30mm x 10mm x 3mm size specimens were tested using DMA machine from room temperature up to 180oC at 2°C/min heating rate. From the analysis of the results, dynamic modulus and glass transition temperature of pure polymer and nanosilica filled polymer were obtained. The glass transition of a polymer composite is a temperature-induced change in the matrix material from the glassy to the rubbery state during heating or cooling. Glass transition temperature Tg was determined using several method: storage modulus onset, loss modulus peak, and tan δ peak. The results showed that the presence of nanosilica reduced Tg of epoxy polymer.

scholarly journals Use of waste materials in rubber matrix

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 07009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Pajtášová ◽  
Zuzana Mičicová ◽  
Darina Ondrušová ◽  
Slavomíra Božeková ◽  
Róbert Janík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Loss Angle ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Tan Δ

The presented paper deals with the use of waste materials as ecological fillers into rubber matrix. Waste materials were used as partial replacement of the commercial filler – carbon black, designated as N339. These prepared rubber compounds were characterized on the basis of the rheology and vulcanization characteristics – minimum torque (ML), maximum torque (MH), optimum time of vulcanization (t(c90)), processing safety of compound (ts), rate coefficient of vulcanization (Rv). In the case of the prepared vulcanizates, physical-mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensibility and hardness) and dynamic-mechanical properties (storage modulus, loss modulus, loss angle tan δ) were investigated. Using the dependency of loss angle on temperature, the selected properties for tyre tread vulcanizates were evaluated, including traction on snow and ice, traction on the wet surface and rolling resistance.

Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Chosen Epoxy Resins Used in Aviation Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 1126 ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Kamil Prusak ◽  
Janusz Zmywaczyk ◽  
Piotr Koniorczyk ◽  
Jan Godzimirski ◽  
Marcin Cegła
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Material Testing Machine

In this paper the results of storage modulus (E’), loss modulus (E’’) and damping parameter tan (δ)=E''/E' of epoxy resins Epidian 57 and L285 with curing agents Z1 and LH285, respectively are presented. In addition to this the stress-strain and thermal expansion characteristics of Epidian 53, 57 and L285 were obtained experimentally in order to compare Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) results. Temperature range of DMA investigations using Netzsch (Germany) DMA 242C analyzer was from-120 °C to +110 °C at the heating rate of 1 K/min with frequency of {0.1, 1, 10} Hz, respectively. Netzsch DIL 402C dilatometer was used to study the thermal expansion of the tested samples within temperature range from 30 °C to 80 °C at 1 K/min of heating and cooling rates, respectively and Huang TA computer servo control material testing machine HT-2402 was applied to determine the stress-strain characteristics. Measurements of sample elongation ΔL and physical α* were performed twice in heating and cooling cycles. The glass transition temperature Tg determined from maximum of tan (δ) curve at f = 1Hz was equal to 76.7 °C for E57 and 87.2 °C for L285. It has been observed durable deformed shape of L285 sample with deflection in the middle about 5 mm just after finishing the DMA first run of heating which significantly affected DMA results during the second run of heating

Characterization of Vinyl Ester/Jute Fiber Bio-Composites in the Presence of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

2017 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bassyouni ◽  
Shereen M.S. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Mohamed H. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
M.Sh. Zoromba
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fiber Reinforcements ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this study, vinyl ester –Jute fiber biocomposites were prepared using vacuum-assisted resin infusion (VARI) process. Woven Jute fibers were used with mass fraction 0.68. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are added to the resin with weight ratio 0.5: 99.5 to investigate the thermo-mechanical properties of bio-composites. Storage and loss modulus of vinyl ester bio-composites were investigated in the presence MWCNTs over a range of temperature (25 to 160 oC) to measure the capacity of bio-composite to store and dissipate energy. Damping properties of vinyl ester bio-composites were studied in terms of tan (d). Viscoelastic test using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the glass transition temperature increases with the addition of MWCNTs up to 112.4 oC. Addition of jute fiber reinforcements improves the storage modulus value of vinyl ester more than 65% at room temperature. Significant improvement in storage modulus was found in the presence of MWCNTs.

Accuracy in locating glass transitions: aging and gamma sterilization of vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Brostow ◽  
Sameer Deshpande ◽  
Dorota Pietkiewicz ◽  
Steven R. Wisner
Keyword(s):  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Glass Transitions ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Tan Δ

AbstractWe have studied nine thermoplastic vulcanizate elastomers (TPVs) in four series: as made, after accelerated aging, after γ irradiation, after both irradiation and aging. The materials exhibit two glass transitions, one seen in crosslinked regions and the other in un-crosslinked amorphous regions. Three techniques of determination of glass transitions have been used and the results compared, all three based on dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA): as a peak in the loss modulus E’’; as a peak in tan δ; and as the midpoint of the rapid decrease in the storage modulus E’. We recommend the last method for both fundamental and practical reasons.

Study on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Modified by Trichlorobromomethane

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Xiao Xue Liao ◽  
Shuang Quan Liao ◽  
Bing Tang ◽  
Ming Chao Luo ◽  
Yan Fang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Natural rubber latex (NRL) modified by holgonated addition with trichlorobromomethane was prepared. The thermal properties of modified NRL were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG),differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA). The results showed that the thermal stability of modified NRL was lower than NRL and the thermal degradation of modified NRL was two-stage decomposition. With increasing of stress frequency, loss modulus and storage modulus of latex increased,while loss modulus and storage modulus of modified latex decreased,compared with NRL.

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