EFFECT OF PLASTICIZER EXTRACTION BY JET FUEL ON A NITRILE HOSE COMPOUND

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Pazur ◽  
T. A. C. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Aromatic Components ◽  
Polymeric Plasticizer

ABSTRACT Seven ester plasticizers were evaluated in a reference acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) fuel hose compound with respect to extractability resistance to jet fuel. Plasticizers differed primarily in chemical structure (polarity) and molecular weight (monomeric vs polymeric). Plasticizer addition led to lower viscosity, maximum torque, modulus, tensile strength, and enhanced low temperature properties. Exposure to jet fuel caused plasticizer extraction resulting in compound softening due to absorption of the aromatic components in the fuel. The glass transition temperature shifted toward lower temperatures. Extraction resistance is enhanced by optimizing polymer–plasticizer compatibility and by using a higher molecular weight plasticizer. The use of the polymeric plasticizer A-8600 lowers the loss of other fugitive plasticizers, indicating the presence of specific plasticizer–plasticizer interactions. Of the monomeric and polymeric plasticizers, trioctyl trimellitate and A-8600, respectively, display the best combination of plasticizing ability and extraction resistance.

The Effect of Triacetin on the Plasticization Efficiency and Tensile Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride/di-2-Ethyl Hexyl Phthalate/Triacetin Compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjulizan Rusli ◽  
Nur Farhana Asul Kahar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Before And After

The use of triacetin as an alternative plasticizer to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was studied in term of plasticizer efficiency and tensile properties before and after ageing. The efficiency of plasticizers was evaluated based on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the hardness value of the compounds. The Tg and hardness of all PVC/DEHP/Triacetin compounds are lower than PVC/50DEHP and PVC/50Triacetin compounds indicating synergistic plasticisation effect between both DEHP and Triacetin within the PVC compounds. The low molecular weight and chemical structure of triacetin are believed to contribute to the highest tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus of the PVC/triacetin compared with PVC/DEHP and PVC/DEHP/triacetin compounds. However, the migration ability of the triacetin plasticizer is believed to result in the biggest changes of the tensile properties of PVC compounds plasticized with triacetin before and after ageing.

The Dependence of Glass Transition Temperature and Flow Temperature on Solvent or Plasticiser Concentration

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Matseevich ◽  
L.M. Goleneva ◽  
E.S. Afanas'ev ◽  
E.A. Kurskaya ◽  
O.V. Kovriga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Intermolecular Interaction ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Flow Temperature ◽  
Van Der Waals Volume ◽  
Thinning Effect

A scheme has been developed for calculating the glass transition temperature and flow temperature of plasticised polymers. The scheme takes into account the chemical structure of the polymer and plasticiser, the molecular weight of the polymer, the intermolecular interaction between the polymer and plasticiser, the van der Waals volume of the repeating unit of the polymer and the plasticiser molecule, and the plasticiser concentration. The thinning effect is also taken into account, as manifested by a reduction in the viscosity of the polymer–plasticiser system with increasing plasticiser concentration.

Rubberlike Products from Linear Polyesters

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
B. S. Biggs ◽  
R. H. Erickson ◽  
C. S. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Dibasic Acid ◽  
News Article ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Rubberlike Materials

Abstract The polymers which result from the condensation of dibasic acids with propylene glycol are viscous gums which can be vulcanized to rubberlike products. In the unpigmented condition these rubbers are quite weak, but when reinforced with suitable pigments their strength and elongation compare favorably with other synthetic rubbers. Because polyesters of known structure and molecular weight can be easily synthesized, these polymers are useful for the study of the relations between structure and properties in rubberlike materials in general. Factors affecting tensile strength, oil resistance, brittle temperature, and stability are discussed. The development of rubberlike products from linear polyesters was announced in a short news article more than three years ago, but a detailed description of their preparation and physical properties has not been published. The object of this paper is to review these properties. However, the paper is written not so much from the viewpoint of offering a synthetic rubber for practical use as from that of applying linear polyesters to the study of the relations between structure and properties of rubberlike substances in general. As has been pointed out in other articles, the linear polyesters are well suited to serve as models in such a study, since molecules of definitely known constitution and molecular-weight distribution can be synthesized by relatively simple methods. Furthermore, the chemical structure of the polyester chain molecules can be varied in a definite and controlled manner by the choice of suitable glycol and dibasic acid or hydroxy acid reactants. The structure of the chains in the case of the former, assuming equal molar proportions, may be represented by the general formula:

Pengaruh penambahan natural rubber (NR), epoxidation natural rubber (ENR-46) dan chlorprene rubber (CR) pada sifat kompon termoplastik

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Farida Ali ◽  
Tuti I. Sari ◽  
Andi A. Siahaan ◽  
Al-Kautsar D. Arya ◽  
Tri Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Natural Rubber (NR) dan Epoxidation Natural Rubber (ENR-46) dengan kompatibiliser Chlorprene Rubber (CR) pada aplikasi kompon termoplastik Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) dan Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), variabel penelitian meliputi ENR-46/PVC/NBR/CR, NR/PVC/NBR/CR dan CR-NR/PVC/NBR, CR-ENR-46/PVC/NBR. Parameter pengujian sifat fisik-mekanik : Hardness (Shore A), Tensile Strength (Mpa), Elongation at Break (%) dan ketahanan terhadap pelarut minyak (n-Pentane, Toluene, Hexane dan Pertalite). Hasil penelitian didapatkan untuk sifat fisik-mekanik, semakin banyak penambahan NR Kekerasan kompon termoplastik akan menurun, Tensile Strength dan Elongation at Break kompon akan meningkat begitu juga dengan CR-NR. Tetapi berbanding terbalik hasilnya untuk ENR-46 dan CR-ENR-46. Pengujian Ketahanan terhadap pelarut minyak semakin banyak penambahan ENR-46 Ketahanan kompon termoplastik terhadap pelarut akan meningkat, hasil yang sama juga pada CR-ENR-46. Tetapi berbanding terbalik hasilnya dengan penambahan NR dan CR-NR pada kompon termoplastik.

scholarly journals Melt- vs. Non-Melt Blending of Complexly Processable Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Cellulose Nanofiber Bionanocomposite

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Nur Sharmila Sharip ◽  
Hidayah Ariffin ◽  
Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar ◽  
Yoshito Andou ◽  
Yuki Shirosaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

The major hurdle in melt-processing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) nanocomposite lies on the high melt viscosity of the UHMWPE, which may contribute to poor dispersion and distribution of the nanofiller. In this study, UHMWPE/cellulose nanofiber (UHMWPE/CNF) bionanocomposites were prepared by two different blending methods: (i) melt blending at 150 °C in a triple screw kneading extruder, and (ii) non-melt blending by ethanol mixing at room temperature. Results showed that melt-processing of UHMWPE without CNF (MB-UHMWPE/0) exhibited an increment in yield strength and Young’s modulus by 15% and 25%, respectively, compared to the Neat-UHMWPE. Tensile strength was however reduced by almost half. Ethanol mixed sample without CNF (EM-UHMWPE/0) on the other hand showed slight decrement in all mechanical properties tested. At 0.5% CNF inclusion, the mechanical properties of melt-blended bionanocomposites (MB-UHMWPE/0.5) were improved as compared to Neat-UHMWPE. It was also found that the yield strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, toughness and crystallinity of MB-UHMWPE/0.5 were higher by 28%, 61%, 47%, 45% and 11%, respectively, as compared to the ethanol mixing sample (EM-UHMWPE/0.5). Despite the reduction in tensile strength of MB-UHMWPE/0.5, the value i.e., 28.4 ± 1.0 MPa surpassed the minimum requirement of standard specification for fabricated UHMWPE in surgical implant application. Overall, melt-blending processing is more suitable for the preparation of UHMWPE/CNF bionanocomposites as exhibited by their characteristics presented herein. A better mechanical interlocking between UHMWPE and CNF at high temperature mixing with kneading was evident through FE-SEM observation, explains the higher mechanical properties of MB-UHMWPE/0.5 as compared to EM-UHMWPE/0.5.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Binders in Twin-Screw Wet Granulation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Claudia Köster ◽  
Sebastian Pohl ◽  
Peter Kleinebudde
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Demineralized Water ◽  
Twin Screw

The binders povidone (Kollidon 30), copovidone (Kollidon VA64), hypromellose (Pharmacoat 606), and three types of hyprolose (HPC SSL-SFP, HPC SSL, and HPC SL-FP) were evaluated regarding their suitability in twin-screw wet granulation. Six mixtures of lactose and binder as well as lactose without binder were twin-screw granulated with demineralized water at different barrel fill levels and subsequently tableted. A screening run with HPC SSL determined the amount of water as an influential parameter for oversized agglomerates. Subsequent examination of different binders, especially Kollidon 30 and Kollidon VA64 resulted in large granules. All binders, except Pharmacoat 606, led to a reduction of fines compared to granulation without a binder. The molecular weight of applied hyproloses did not appear as influential. Tableting required an upstream sieving step to remove overlarge granules. Tableting was possible for all formulations at sufficient compression pressure. Most binders resulted in comparable tensile strengths, while Pharmacoat 606 led to lower and lactose without a binder to the lowest tensile strength. Tablets without a binder disintegrated easily, whereas binder containing tablets of sufficient tensile strength often nearly failed or failed the disintegration test. Especially tablets containing Pharmacoat 606 and HPC SL-FP disintegrated too slowly.

Prediction and optimization of mechanical properties of PA6/NBR/graphene nanocomposites fabricated by friction stir processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110200
Author(s):  
Ali Ghorbankhan ◽  
Mohammad Reza Nakhaei ◽  
Ghasem Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposite ◽  
Graphene Nanoparticles ◽  
Input Variables

The friction stir process (FSP) method used to prepare polyamide 6 (PA6)/nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) nanocomposites with 1 wt% Graphene nanoparticles. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were used to study the effects of four input variables including tool rotational speed (ω), shoulder temperature (T), traverse speed (S), and the number of passes (N) on tensile strength and impact strength of PA6/NBR/Graphene nanocomposite. In order to investigate the dispersion state of Graphene and the morphology of the PA6/NBR blend in the presence of Graphene, wide x-ray patterns (WAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. Furthermore and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) was used to investigate the thermal properties of PA6/NBR containing 1 wt% Graphene nanoparticles. The results confirmed that at the optimum range of input variables, PA6/NBR/Graphene nanocomposite provided good thermal stability as well as the highest tensile strength, and impact strength. This is caused by the large surface area to volume ratio of the dispersed layered Graphene in PA6/NBR blends. Under optimal conditions of the rotational speed of 1200 rpm, traverse speed of 20 mm/min, shoulder temperature of 125°C, and number pass of 3, the maximum tensile strength and impact strength are 70.4 MPa and 70.3 J/m, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Molecular Weight of Functionalized Liquid Butadiene Rubber as a Processing Aid on the Properties of SSBR/Silica Compounds

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Donghyuk Kim ◽  
Byungkyu Ahn ◽  
Kihyun Kim ◽  
JongYeop Lee ◽  
Il Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Anionic Polymerization ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Mooney Viscosity ◽  
Silica Dispersion

Liquid butadiene rubber (LqBR) which used as a processing aid play a vital role in the manufacturing of high-performance tire tread compounds. However, the studies on the effect of molecular weight, microstructure, and functionalization of LqBR on the properties of compounds are still insufficient. In this study, non-functionalized and center-functionalized liquid butadiene rubbers (N-LqBR and C-LqBR modified with ethoxysilyl group, respectively) were synthesized with low vinyl content and different molecular weights using anionic polymerization. In addition, LqBR was added to the silica-filled SSBR compounds as an alternative to treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) oil, and the effect of molecular weight and functionalization on the properties of the silica-filled SSBR compound was examined. C-LqBR showed a low Payne effect and Mooney viscosity because of improved silica dispersion due to the ethoxysilyl functional group. Furthermore, C-LqBR showed an increased crosslink density, improved mechanical properties, and reduced organic matter extraction compared to the N-LqBR compound. LqBR reduced the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the compound significantly, thereby improving snow traction and abrasion resistance compared to TDAE oil. Furthermore, the energy loss characteristics revealed that the hysteresis loss attributable to the free chain ends of LqBR was dominant.

The effect of methyl and methoxy substituents on dianilines for a thermosetting polyimide system

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 801-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J La Scala ◽  
Greg Yandek ◽  
Jason Lamb ◽  
Craig M Paquette ◽  
William S Eck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Methyl Substituent ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Methoxy Substituent ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

4,4′-Methylenedianiline (MDA) is widely used in high-temperature polyimide resins, including polymerization of monomer reactants-15. The toxicity of MDA significantly limits the manufacturability using this resin. Modifying the substitution and electronics of MDA could allow for the reduction of toxicity while maintaining the high-performing properties of the materials derived from the modified MDA. The addition of a single methyl substituent, methoxy substituent, location of these substituents, and location of the amine relative to the phenolic bridge were modified as were other non-aniline diamines. Various anilines were condensed with paraformaldehyde under acidic conditions to yield dianilines. These dianilines and diamines were reacted with nadic anhydride and 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride in methanol to form the polyamic acid oligomers and heated at elevated temperature to form polyimide oligomers. It was found that the molecular weight of the oligomers derived from MDA alternatives was generally lower than that of MDA oligomers resulting in lower glass transition temperatures ( T gs) and degradation temperatures. Additionally, methoxy substituents further reduce the T g of the polymers versus methyl substituents and reduce the thermal stability of the resin. Methyl-substituted alternatives produced polyimides with similar T gs and degradation temperatures. The toxicity of the MDA alternatives was examined. Although a few were identified with reduced toxicities, the alternatives with properties similar to that of MDA also had high toxicities.

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