scholarly journals CLASSICAL METHODS TO PREDICT THE PERFORMANCE OF BUCHHOLZ RELAY BY GIVING THE PHENOMENA OF INCIPIENT FAULT INTO THE OIL IMMERSED TRANSFORMER

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Arief GOERITNO ◽  
Irwan NUGRAHA ◽  
Prayoga BAKTI
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Push Button ◽  
Alarm Signal ◽  
Transformer Protection ◽  
The Status ◽  
Incipient Fault

This work explains the classical methods for predicting the performance of the Buchholz relay. The traditional methods use the simulation by giving a phenomenon of incipient fault into the oil-immersed transformer. The Buchholz relay is a type of mechanical relay whose operating mechanism is influenced by oil and gas in the transformer tank tend to move into the expansion tank through the interconnecting piping. This device is a critical component that is integrated into the oil-immersed transformer protection philosophy. An electronic circuit-based simulator that is integrated with a circuit breaker operation control panel was chosen as a means for creating conditions during alarm or trip. The performance measurement provides simulated fault conditions for setting on alarm and trip. The provision of faults simulation in the form of pressing a push-button one time to simulate the existence of an alarm condition. In that condition, the CBs control panel does not operate, but the appointment of an alarm signal. Based on that, the Buzzer sounds and the status check trip is still normal or "no lock-out". Giving full pressure as a form of simulation for trip conditions on the Buchholz relay, the control panel designates the condition of the two CBs (side of 150 kV and 20 kV side) open, and the alarm signal designation also occurs with Buzzer sounding. Hence, the check trip status becomes "lock-out". The Buchholz relay serves to detect the presence of gas caused by local heating or pressure surges in the transformer oil. After giving all of the conditions, the Buccholz relay performance is known.

Varied Responses to Human-Induced Seismicity in the City of Azle, Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sarmistha R. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Status

Fracking has helped to usher in an era of energy abundance in the United States. This advanced drilling procedure has helped the nation to attain the status of the largest producer of crude oil and natural gas in the world, but some of its negative externalities, such as human-induced seismicity, can no longer be ignored. The occurrence of earthquakes in communities located at proximity to disposal wells with no prior history of seismicity has shocked residents and have caused damages to properties. It has evoked individuals’ resentment against the practice of injection of fracking’s wastewater under pressure into underground disposal wells. Though the oil and gas companies have denied the existence of a link between such a practice and earthquakes and the local and state governments have delayed their responses to the unforeseen seismic events, the issue has gained in prominence among researchers, affected community residents, and the media. This case study has offered a glimpse into the varied responses of stakeholders to human-induced seismicity in a small city in the state of Texas. It is evident from this case study that although individuals’ complaints and protests from a small community may not be successful in bringing about statewide changes in regulatory policies on disposal of fracking’s wastewater, they can add to the public pressure on the state government to do something to address the problem in a state that supports fracking.

Advances in Abandonment and Disposal Technology of Aging Oil and Gas Pipelines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiang Jing ◽  
Wenlu Wang ◽  
Dongrong Wu ◽  
Jinhua Luo ◽  
Shuang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
The Status

Abstract When the operation benefit of an oil and gas pipeline is not enough to cover its operation cost, and the pipeline is no alternative use, seriously damaged, aged or the operation risk exceeds the acceptable range, it is bound to cause serious safety and environmental hazards along the pipeline, especially for the over age pipeline in service, therefore its scientific abandonment and reasonable disposal is particularly important and urgent. Focused on the methods for judging abandonment, retirement modes, cleaning and environmental management of oil and gas pipelines, the characteristics of existing methods for predicting the remaining life of the pipelines and their application in abandonment and disposal are compared and analyzed, and the basis and adaptability of oil and gas pipelines retirement are illuminated. According to the actual situation and environment of the discarded pipelines, the selection basis and applicable conditions of the pipeline and facility disposal methods such as demolition, in-situ shelving and their combination are expounded. It is found that North America has rich experience and mature technology in oil and gas pipeline abandonment and disposal, but many countries, including China, seriously lack scientific and systematic evaluation standards, practical experience, related theoretical and technical investigations. This study has important reference and practical significance for promoting the development of abandonment and disposal technology of an aging oil and gas pipeline, and ensuring the personal safety and ecological environmental protection along the abandoned pipeline. This paper presents the status quo of over age service and abandonment decision-making of oil and gas pipelines in the world, draws lessons from the experience of safety and environmental protection disposal of the global abandoned pipelines, and puts forward the principle and method of abandonment judgment and scientific disposal of the aging pipelines based on residual life evaluation. This method has sufficient basis, strong adaptability and wide application.

Oil health index calculation and incipient fault diagnosis in power transformers using fuzzy logic

2022 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
T Manoj ◽  
C Ranga
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Logic Model ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Dissolved Gases ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Incipient Faults ◽  
Incipient Fault

In this paper, a new fuzzy logic (FL) model is proposed for assessing the health status of power transformers. In addition, the detection of incipient faults is achieved where two or more faults exist simultaneously. The process is carried out by integrating a fuzzy logic model with the conventional International Electric Committee (IEC) ratio codes method. As transformer oil insulation deteriorates, excess percentages of dissolved gases such as hydrogen, methane, ethane, acetylene and ethylene are induced within the trasnformer. The status of oil health is generally assessed using these gas concentrations. Therefore, in the proposed model, 31 fuzzy rules are designed based on the severity levels of these gases in order to determine the health index (HI) of the oil. Similarly, any incipient faults along with their severity are also detected using the proposed fuzzy logic model with 22 expert rules. To validate the proposed fuzzy logic model, the data for dissolved gases in 50 working transformers operated by the Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board (HPSEB), India, are collected. Over the years, calculations for the health index have been performed using conventional dissolved gas analysis (DGA) interpretation methods. The shortcomings of these methods, such as non-reliability and inaccuracy, are successfully overcome using the proposed model. The detection of incipient faults is normally performed using key gas, Rogers ratios, the Duval triangle, Dornenburg ratios, modified Rogers ratios and the IEC ratio codes methods. The shortcomings of these conventional ratio code methods in identifying incipient faults in some typical cases, ie multiple incipient fault cases, are overcome by the proposed fuzzy logic model.

scholarly journals Economic Diversification Potential in the Rentier States Towards for a Sustainable Development: A Theoretical Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Kaya ◽  
Evren Tok ◽  
Muammer Koc ◽  
Toufic Mezher ◽  
I-Tsung Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Rentier State ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rentier States

This paper develops a theoretical model to analyze whether a rentier state can diversify its economy away from the rent revenue and hence sustain the economic development and preserve the status-quo. Considering the decarbonization process of the global economy and rapidly fall in economic value of hydrocarbons in the face of the supply glut, rentier states depending on oil and gas revenues urgently need to diversify their economies to avoid social backlash and political upheaval. There are three intertwining factors that determine an effective economic diversification away from the rent revenue: The profitability of non-rentier sectors, the size of the domestic economy to induce a “Big Push” for industrialization to non-rentier sectors, and the level of economic inclusivity. For an optimal level of economic diversification in a rentier state: (1) Non-rentier sectors should be attractive to private agents without the entry barriers; (2) domestic economy should be large enough to induce investment into non-rentier sectors; (3) the ruler(s) should have sufficient tolerance (inclusivity) for private agents investing into non-rentier sectors. Our findings indicate that a rentier state can achieve an optimal level of economic diversification provided that the conditions above are met even without any political change.

scholarly journals PCBs Contamination among Distribution Transformers in the Kathmandu Valley

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruska Kattel ◽  
Bhupendra Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Tonal Noise ◽  
Distribution Centre ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Crucial Part

Transformer is the crucial part in any electrical system, however there are many risks associated with its use. Thus this study was focused on assessing the status of PCBs contamination and distribution of transformers in Distribution Centre-North of the Kathmandu valley along with PCBs contamination in them. Each transformer within the study area was closely observed to obtain information about all transformers. The dielectric oil samples from the transformers were collected, safely stored and analyzed in Test Kits (L2000DX Chloride Analyzer System, recommended by UNEP). Among 111 samples of transformer oil analyzed, 4 transformers were found PCBs contaminated and they were manufactured before 1990s. The total amount of PCBs contaminated transformer oil in these transformers was 479.6 Kg. Seven transformers were found leaking, four transformers located at residential area were found emitting a low frequency tonal noise, two transformers were located within school compound, nine transformers were located near water body and around 1.44 square meters of soil surface was found contaminated by transformer oil. Though there is no way to eliminate all the risk and consequences of operating oil filled transformers, scientific distribution and proper handling could be the reasonable approaches to reduce the risks.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12175International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, Page: 16-29

scholarly journals Trash or Treasure? Considerations for Future Ecological Research to Inform Oil and Gas Decommissioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Lise Schläppy ◽  
Lucy M. Robinson ◽  
Victoria Camilieri-Asch ◽  
Karen Miller
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
The Status ◽  
Near Future

Numerous oil and gas (O&G) installations worldwide will need to be decommissioned in the near future. Complete removal of subsea structures is often the default approach although some regions retain structures under rigs-to-reefs programs. Here, we reviewed the published literature to understand the status of global research on decommissioning, and specifically identify gaps in ecological knowledge. We estimated the frequency of different research categories (i.e., themes, and spatial/temporal scales), and tested the assumption that the number of papers across the categories of each research aspect was even in distribution. However, the frequency of studies focusing on biodiversity at a local (≤100 km2) scale (relative to regional and oceanic and pan-oceanic scales) were significantly higher; while other theme categories (e.g., eco-toxicology, connectivity, structural-integrity, restoration and other) were significantly lower than expected. Temporally, ≤1-year studies were more frequent than multi-year studies, but these frequencies did not significantly deviate from the assumed distribution of equal frequencies. We propose that further research be carried out to evaluate the benefits of both retention and removal of structures. Ecological research on decommissioning should extend its focus beyond biodiversity, to include eco-toxicology, structural-integrity, connectivity at larger spatial and temporal scales. This would provide a more holistic assessment of ecological impacts to inform sustainable and equitable development choices in multiple Blue Economy sectors, as we transition from offshore O&G to marine renewables.

The Design of Control System of Piston Pin Punching Recess Automatic Drilling Dedicated Machine Tool

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 895-898
Author(s):  
Li Hua Wang ◽  
Xiao Qiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Drilling Machine ◽  
Operational Control ◽  
Open Cnc ◽  
The Status ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Blanking Process

The piston pin punching recess automatic drilling machine tool, is a dedicated machine tool designed and manufactured to solve the possess of piston pin punching recess. This paper studies the design of the dedicated machine’s control system, which uses open CNC technology, hydraulic technology, PLC technology, electrical technology, and human-machine interface technology. The control system can achieve the automation of feeding and blanking process. Replace of control panel, adopting touch screen to achieve operational control, and monitor the status of real-time job on the machine.

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