scholarly journals V. A. Moshkov: the birth of gagauz studies in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Veaceslav Stepanov ◽  
◽  
Diana Nicoglo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
Culture Material ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Russian ethnographer V. A. Moshkov was a general in rank and a member of the Russian Geographical Society and seriously studied the traditions and life of the peoples inhabiting the Russian Empire. At the end of the 19th century, he began to research the Gagauz people. The research “The Gagauz of Bendery Uyezd”, published in the journal “Ethnographic Review” at the beginning of the 20th century was published as a result of V. A. Moshkov’s travels. Thanks to V. A. Moshkov, the general public learned about the small Orthodox people living on the area of a small region in the south of Bessarabia – the Gagauz. This article examines the multifaceted activities of the researcher aimed at highlighting various aspects of traditional culture – material culture, as well as customs, rituals, beliefs and folklore. It is noted that V. A. Moshkov tried to study the problem of human origin. It is curious that he was prompted to consider this issue because of his acquaintance with the material and spiritual culture of the Gagauz people, in which the scientist found parallels with other peoples not related to the Gagauz people by a common origin. The authors emphasize the role of the Gagauz scholars who have devoted their attention to studying the scientific heritage of V. A. Moshkov in the preservation and development of the identity of the Gagauz ethnos.

scholarly journals Activities of Military Topographers in Western Siberia in Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Russian Empire in 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 360-374
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Igumnov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
River Channels ◽  
The North ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The activities of military topographers in Western Siberia to provide cartographic information on the foreign and domestic policies of the Russian Empire in Central Asia and Siberia in the 19th century are considered in the article. The role of information in the formation of the Russian Empire is emphasized. The contribution of the state to the organization of the study of the Asian regions of Russia and neighboring countries is noted. The establishment of the military topographic service in Western Siberia can be traced taking into account data on administrative transformations in the Siberian region, and on changes in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire. The participation of military topographers in determining and designating the state border with China is described in detail. The question of the role of military topographers in the scientific study of China and Mongolia is raised. The significance of the activities of military topographers for the policy of the Russian Empire on the socio-economic development of Siberia and the north-eastern part of the territory of modern Kazakhstan is revealed. The contribution of topographers to the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway, the design of river channels and new land routes is revealed. A large amount of literary sources, materials on the work of military topographers of Western Siberia, published in “Notes of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff” is used in the article.

scholarly journals Polish founders of veterinary education in Eastern Ukraine in the 19th and early 20th centuries: the 170th anniversary of the Kharkiv Veterinary College

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
LUBOW ŻWANKO ◽  
DMYTRO KIBKAŁO ◽  
TAMARA PRYCHODKO ◽  
JURIJ PRYCHODKO ◽  
IRYNA BORODAJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Veterinary Education ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Veterinary School ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Veterinary Institute

The purpose of the article is to outline the role of Kharkiv in creation of the veterinary education system in the south of the Russian Empire, to highlight the achievements of Polish scientists in that process, and to popularize the knowledge of this aspect of the Polish-Ukrainian history as an example of fruitful collaboration between Poles and Ukrainians during the period of statelessness of both nations. At the beginning of the 19th century, Kharkiv became one of the first cities of the Russian Empire where foundations of veterinary education were laid. A special department was formed at the university: the Veterinary School, which later became the Veterinary College and the Veterinary Institute. During the 19th and early 20th centuries Polish scientists created a system of veterinary education in Eastern Ukraine. The most important role was played by Karol Wiśniewski, the pioneer of veterinary education in Ukraine as a whole, Napoleon Halicki, the first and long-standing head of the Veterinary College, and Jerzy Poluta, one of the authors of the plan for its conversion into the Veterinary Institute. Considering their great services, the Polish scientists deserve to be remembered. Their memory is preserved by the Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, the main research and educational centre in Eastern Ukraine and heir to the scientific traditions initiated in the 19th century.

scholarly journals Archive of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the Days of Great Trials: 1941-1942

2020 ◽  
pp. 719-735
Author(s):  
Simon S. Ilizarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
Soviet Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This paper reviews the work of the Archive of the Soviet Academy of Sciences during the blockade of Leningrad in 1941–42. It is based on the archive series that contains a report detailing the work of the 22 Academy’s institutions in Leningrad (11 scientific research institutes, 3 museums, the Archive, the Library, the Geographical Society, etc.) over 7 months of 1942 and prepared for the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. It lists Archive’s staff members who died or were evacuated during this period. It shows that, even in the hardest days under the blockade, the work in the Archive never stopped. An important part of this work was associated with the activities of the Commission for the History of the USSR Academy of Sciences (KIAN). The paper reviews the history of the KIAN creation under the auspices of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Leningrad in 1938, soon after forcible liquidation of the Institute for the History of Science and Technology and tragic death of its first director, Academician N.I. Bukharin. A number of outstanding historians-archivists and historians of science – A.I. Andreyev, I.I. Lyubimenko, L.B. Modzalevskii, and others – participated in the work of the KIAN headed by Academician S. I. Vavilov and his deputy, Director of the Archive, G.A. Knyazev. The research and archaeographic work of the Archive’s staff was associated with preparation of publications for the “Scientific Heritage” series (it was established in 1940 upon initiative of the President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences V. L. Komarov with active participation of the eminent historian of science T. I. Rainov). During that period, the editorial work on the second volume of the “Reviews of Archive Materials” (Obozreniya arkhivnykh materialov) was completed and V.F. Gnucheva completed her unique history-of-science book “The Geographical Department of the 18th century Academy of Sciences.” Both books were published after the war, in 1946. The main result of the work of the few Archive’s staff members was safeguarding the precious historical materials and searching for, concentrating, and preserving documentation of evacuated institutions and individual scientists, some of whom were killed by the cold, famine, and diseases. The paper contains data from official reports: quantitative data concerning documents taken into the Archive’s custody in 1941 and in 1942 and processed and described series; it names institutions and scholars, whose documents ended up in the Archive of the Academy of Sciences. By July 31, 1942, the number of fonds in the Archive reached 740. Reports of such Academy institutions as the Institute of Oriental Studies, the N.Ya. Marr Institute for the History of Material Culture, the Institute of Literature, the All-Union Geographical Society, and others allow the scholars to analyze their work associated with the preservation of books and archival fonds and collections. The paper is based on documentary sources that are being introduced into scientific use for the first time.

scholarly journals A Statistical Study on the University Professoriate in the Russian Empire

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-43
Author(s):  
Andrei Yu. Andreev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
University Professors ◽  
The Social ◽  
University Life ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Russian Universities

The article is devoted to a statistical analysis of quantitative and qualitative parameters characterizing the professoriate of Russian universities in 1755–1884. The material for such a study was drawn from the prosopographic database compiled on the basis of biographical data on professors and containing more than 1200 names of scientists. The following characteristics have been examined: the social composition; the dynamics of the replenishment of the professor corps; the distribution of professors by different universities and by branches of science; the average age of embarking on the professorial position; the length of the professorial service; the role of “junior” university positions and the importance of the period of teaching as Privatdozent before becoming a professor; the proportion of those who were graduates of the universities where they later taught, etc. These characteristics have been studied in chronological dynamics, depending on the main stages of replenishment of the professoriate, which coincided with the major university reforms in the 19th century. The similarity between some parameters for the entire professorial corps (for example, the average age of receiving professorship) and the evolution of parameters in different periods and differences between universities has been identified. Some phenomena of university life, known in historiography in a number of examples, have received a detailed explanation in the light of statistical analysis. At the same time, the study has demonstrated the potential of quantitative methods in revealing new properties of Russian university professors that cannot be found only through the analysis of narrative sources.

THE TRADITIONAL CULTURAL CHANGE OF MUONG PEOPLE IN HOA BINH PROVINCE TODAY

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Thi Thanh Minh
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
Culture Material ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Hoa Binh

In the process of development, every culture has its absorption, influence and change due to the impact of certain socio-economic conditions. Culture of ethnic minorities in general and traditional culture of Muong people in Hoa Binh province in particular, are also undergoing constant changes under the impact of economic, political and cross-cultural factors. In the context of the dramatic change of the country’s economy, the traditional culture of Muong people in Hoa Binh province also has profound changes on all aspects of life, such as spiritual culture, material culture, social culture... This transformation manifests itself on both positive and negative sides. Therefore, studying and pointing out problems arising in the process of cultural exchange and acculturation will help to give solutions, plans and orientations for the preservation and promotion of traditional culture of Muong ethnic group in Hoa Binh province in the near future.

Russian Governor-Generals as Actors in Imperial Peripheral Politics

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6 (104)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Narezhny
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is about the role of Russian governors-general in the national outskirts of the Russian Empire. It attempts to substantiate arguments in favor of the thesis that they were given an important role in the development and implementation of the principles of outskirts politics, directions and methods of its implementation. According to the authors, this was facilitated both by the special status of the post itself in the vertical of power, and the specifics of the composition of executives, formed from among persons enjoying the special trust of the sovereign. Governor-generals prepared a number of drafts proposing their own assessment of the situation in the Empire’s outskirts and additional measures “to merge them with native Russia” in the 19th century. Sometimes these proposals went beyond the current policy, which is confirmed by the analysis of D. G. Bibikov and F. J. Mirkovich’s projects, which in the forties of the 19th century proposed to abandon attempts to attract representatives of the Polish elite to the imperial power and to concentrate efforts on supporting the Orthodox Church and protecting the rights of local peasantry. This approach is evaluated as a stage in the process of preparing a new course of imperial policy in the western provinces of the Empire after the January Uprising of 1863.

scholarly journals Ethnography of the Kazakh People in Grigorii Potanin’s Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Rustem K. Dosmurzinov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Geographical Society

Purpose. In the conditions of accelerated development of modernization processes in Kazakhstan, there is increased interest in the study of Kazakh heritage by historians and ethnographers of the 19th – 20th centuries. The purpose of this work is to identify the main scientific issues in the ethnography of the Kazakhs covered in Grigorii Nikolaevich Potanin’s studies. Scientific works of this outstanding scientist in this respect are particularly relevant. Firstly, the researcher was born in one of the fortifications in the Kazakh steppe and had a good command of the Kazakh language as he was familiar with the peculiarities of culture and life of the Kazakh people since his childhood. Secondly, he was a famous ethnographer, a member of the Russian Geographical Society and participated in several scientific expeditions on the territory of Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China. This article deals with studying the traditional culture of the Kazakh people by the famous ethnographer G. N. Potanin (1835–1920). We analyze the main works of the researcher devoted to the study of the spiritual culture of the Kazakh people. On the basis of our study, we identify that the study of folklore was one of central and most important issues among the various scientific aspects G. N. Potanin raised. Results. G. N. Potanin focused on studying oral folk art of the Kazakh people including genealogical legends. He analyzed the origin of those legends and their similarities with legends of other peoples. The researcher also collected and recorded fairy tales, proverbs, riddles and tongue twisters of the Kazakh people. G. N. Potanin proved the so-called “eastern hypothesis” of the origin and development of the medieval European epic. In our opinion, G. N. Potanin concentrated on studying oral folk art because it reflects the life of the Kazakh people. The researcher noted a certain influence of Islam and Central Asian culture on the traditional culture of the Kazakh people. He studied ethnic composition, social structure, traditional economy and material culture of the Kazakh people. Conclusion. Thus, the study of Kazakh folklore, including oral and musical creativity, was the main important issue in G. N. Potanin’s research. He made conclusions on the ethnic composition, the traditional system of life support of the Kazakh people. In this small work, we noted only a small range of aspects that are reflected in the work of the great researcher. It is necessary to widen the range of archival materials studied to continue investigating the heritage of this outstanding Russian scientist, a true friend of the Kazakh people.

scholarly journals Mariia Vernadska on the role and rights of women in the society of the second half of the 19th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Kseniia Lopukh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The role of women in the modern socio-economic life of Ukrainian society is still underestimated. Gender issues are perceived superficially or ignored, and sometimes remain taboo despite the significant number of national and foreign research and publications, information sources and materials. Blindness to issues of the equal rights and opportunities for women and men is deeply rooted in the stereotypes and traditional views on the role and place of women in the society. The purpose of the article is to analyze the scientific and journalistic activity of Mariia Vernadska. She was the first woman who researched political and economic problems in the Russian Empire. She actively interested in the economic issues and processes in the country and analyzed them, and published a number of articles in the journal «Ekonomicheskiy ukazatel», edited by Ivan Vernadsky who was a notable economist and statistician in the first half of the 19th century. The distinguishing feature of her articles was the comprehensible writing language to present and explain the complex economic laws and principles of the genesis of the market economy. Mariia Vernadska used this method to explain the benefits of division of labor, technological progress, free trade, cost sharing and cooperation, road quality, etc. She also criticized the regulation of commodity prices and persisted in the abolition of serfdom explaining its economic inefficiency and backwardness. Mariia Vernadska espoused the ideas of classical political economy, mainly the principle of individual freedom. This basic principle was used by her for interpretation of the women’s labor, the role of women in the society, the women’s rights to pick and choose the activities. She paid special attention to the necessity and the value of the women’s work as a basis for the equality between men and women. She emphasized that it could be achieved due to the education and fighting prejudices against the shame of women's working.

scholarly journals Concepts of exhibiting ethnographic collections of the 18th century Kunstkamera of the Imperial Academy of Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Margarita F. Khartanovich ◽  
◽  
Maria V. Khartanovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The exposition of the 18th century Kunstkamera of the Imperial Academy of Sciences was arranged according to the principle of a universal, all-encompassing presentation of the surrounding world through material monuments. Along with natural history collections, items related to the traditional spiritual and material culture of various peoples were displayed in the Kunstkamera. As part of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, the Kunstkamera was a kind of public presentation of the activities of academicians, reflecting the development of scientific knowledge in a particular area through the principles of organizing objects and their interpretation. This article analyzes the stages of exhibiting objects of traditional culture, their relationship and interdependence with the development of scientific interest in the “description of peoples”. In the first decades of public exposure for the Kunstkamera (1730s–1740s), the items of traditional culture of any nation were exhibited based on their functional purpose. Large-scale expeditionary geographic studies of Russia, begun by Peter I and continued during subsequent reigns, significantly expanded the body of information and materials stored and studied at the Imperial Academy of Sciences. The ethnographic assemblies received state “publication” during the ethnographic carnival, organized on the occasion of celebrations upon the signing of a peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Empress Anna Ioannovna. Since the end of the 1740s, due to the expeditionary research of the territories of the Russian Empire, the collection of ethnographic items has acquired a systemic classification character, which contributes to a reliable reflection of the system of organizing life sustainment for a certain people in specific territorial conditions. By the last decades of the 18th century, the ethnographic exposition of the Kunstkamera of the Imperial Academy of Sciences was the result of an integrated scientific approach to the presentation of the cultural diversity of the peoples of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals МИГРАЦИИ КАК ФАКТОР ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПОЛИЭТНИЧНОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ МОРДОВИИ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

2021 ◽  
pp. 230-240
Author(s):  
Людмила Ивановна Никонова ◽  
Альбина Ирфановна Минакова
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
Historical Outline ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

В статье на основе, главным образом, неопубликованных источников, выявленных в архивах и впервые вводимых в научный оборот, показана роль представителей зарубежья в формировании полиэтничности Мордовии, ныне республики, входящей в Приволжский федеральный округ Российской Федерации. Проанализированы истоки полиэтничности мордовского края, описаны основные тенденции развития миграционных процессов. На основе имеющихся научных исследований и данных государственной статистики рассмотрены основные характеристики пространственной мобильности населения мордовского края со второй половины XIX в. до начала XX в. Полиэтничность республики подтверждают данные всероссийской переписи населения, согласно которой на 2010 год в Мордовии проживало население 119 национальностей. Приведены статистические данные переписи населения Российской Империи 1897 года с иностранным контингентом в губерниях Мордовии и данные о составе населения по переписи 1939 года. Авторами установлено, что формирование полиэтничности Мордовской Республики складывалось под воздействием важнейших исторических событий, происходивших как в Европе, так и в России. Эти события обуславливали появление факторов, способствовавших миграционным процессам и менявших этнический состав населения Мордовии. Среди них, например, строительство Казанской железной дороги, которое привело к индустриализации и развитию промышленных предприятий в регионе, притоку иностранных специалистов и рабочих по обслуживанию оборудования, события Первой мировой войны, вызвавшие миграции из западных стран в регионы России, расположение лагерей с военнопленными на территории республики, брачная миграция и др. Авторами приведены исторические данные о получении иностранцами русского подданства в Мордовии. Based on mainly unpublished and previously unstudied sources, the article shows the role of foreign peoples in the formation of the multi-ethnic population of Mordovia, being part of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation. The origins of the formation of multi-ethnicity of Mordovia are revealed, the main trends in the development of migration processes are described. Based on the previous scientific findings and state statistics, the spatial mobility of the population of Mordovia from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century are considered. The data of the Russian Сensus, according to which people of 119 nationalities lived in Mordovia in 2010, confirms the complexity of the population of the republic. The paper covers the data of the First Census of the Russian Empire in 1897 with a foreign contingent in the provinces of Mordovia and the 1939 Сensus. The authors found that the multi-ethnic population of the Mordovian Republic was formed under the influence of the most important historical events that took place both in Europe and in Russia. These events gave rise to processes that contributed to migration flows and changed the ethnic composition of the population of Mordovia. For example, the construction of the Kazan railway, which required the influx of foreign specialists and equipment maintenance workers in the Volga Federal District, the events of World War I, which caused a refugee flow from Western countries to the regions of Russia, the location of prisoner-of-war camps in the Republic, marriage migrations etc. The authors provide a historical outline on how foreigners in Mordovia acquired Russian citizenship.

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