scholarly journals Ethnography of the Kazakh People in Grigorii Potanin’s Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Rustem K. Dosmurzinov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Geographical Society

Purpose. In the conditions of accelerated development of modernization processes in Kazakhstan, there is increased interest in the study of Kazakh heritage by historians and ethnographers of the 19th – 20th centuries. The purpose of this work is to identify the main scientific issues in the ethnography of the Kazakhs covered in Grigorii Nikolaevich Potanin’s studies. Scientific works of this outstanding scientist in this respect are particularly relevant. Firstly, the researcher was born in one of the fortifications in the Kazakh steppe and had a good command of the Kazakh language as he was familiar with the peculiarities of culture and life of the Kazakh people since his childhood. Secondly, he was a famous ethnographer, a member of the Russian Geographical Society and participated in several scientific expeditions on the territory of Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China. This article deals with studying the traditional culture of the Kazakh people by the famous ethnographer G. N. Potanin (1835–1920). We analyze the main works of the researcher devoted to the study of the spiritual culture of the Kazakh people. On the basis of our study, we identify that the study of folklore was one of central and most important issues among the various scientific aspects G. N. Potanin raised. Results. G. N. Potanin focused on studying oral folk art of the Kazakh people including genealogical legends. He analyzed the origin of those legends and their similarities with legends of other peoples. The researcher also collected and recorded fairy tales, proverbs, riddles and tongue twisters of the Kazakh people. G. N. Potanin proved the so-called “eastern hypothesis” of the origin and development of the medieval European epic. In our opinion, G. N. Potanin concentrated on studying oral folk art because it reflects the life of the Kazakh people. The researcher noted a certain influence of Islam and Central Asian culture on the traditional culture of the Kazakh people. He studied ethnic composition, social structure, traditional economy and material culture of the Kazakh people. Conclusion. Thus, the study of Kazakh folklore, including oral and musical creativity, was the main important issue in G. N. Potanin’s research. He made conclusions on the ethnic composition, the traditional system of life support of the Kazakh people. In this small work, we noted only a small range of aspects that are reflected in the work of the great researcher. It is necessary to widen the range of archival materials studied to continue investigating the heritage of this outstanding Russian scientist, a true friend of the Kazakh people.

scholarly journals V. A. Moshkov: the birth of gagauz studies in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Veaceslav Stepanov ◽  
◽  
Diana Nicoglo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
Culture Material ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Russian ethnographer V. A. Moshkov was a general in rank and a member of the Russian Geographical Society and seriously studied the traditions and life of the peoples inhabiting the Russian Empire. At the end of the 19th century, he began to research the Gagauz people. The research “The Gagauz of Bendery Uyezd”, published in the journal “Ethnographic Review” at the beginning of the 20th century was published as a result of V. A. Moshkov’s travels. Thanks to V. A. Moshkov, the general public learned about the small Orthodox people living on the area of a small region in the south of Bessarabia – the Gagauz. This article examines the multifaceted activities of the researcher aimed at highlighting various aspects of traditional culture – material culture, as well as customs, rituals, beliefs and folklore. It is noted that V. A. Moshkov tried to study the problem of human origin. It is curious that he was prompted to consider this issue because of his acquaintance with the material and spiritual culture of the Gagauz people, in which the scientist found parallels with other peoples not related to the Gagauz people by a common origin. The authors emphasize the role of the Gagauz scholars who have devoted their attention to studying the scientific heritage of V. A. Moshkov in the preservation and development of the identity of the Gagauz ethnos.

Waters, Islands, and Shores in American Folklore and Folklife

2018 ◽  
pp. 576-597
Author(s):  
Shelly Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Connection To Nature ◽  
Shoreline Development ◽  
Maritime Culture ◽  
American Folklore ◽  
Maritime Community

Maritime community traditions along America’s shorelines include occupational and recreational folklife, water-to-table foodways, and folk art. The forms vary regionally, but common threads are a relationship to the water and a connection to nature. Understanding the commodification of traditional maritime culture as it is incorporated into the identity of shoreline communities is critical to future research. Implications include the authority and diversity of maritime narratives, the commodification of that storyline, and the influence of researchers as advocates in shoreline development and preservation efforts. Development on shorelines reflects nostalgia for traditional landscapes and a drive for recreational space. Opportunities exist for advocacy and promotion of sustainability measures that support traditional culture.

scholarly journals Ethnic peculiarities of fairy tale folklore of the bulgarians from Moldova as an element of traditional culture in a regional manifestation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadejda Cara ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Different Levels

The article presents some research approaches to the fairy-tale folklore of Bulgarians from the Republic of Moldova. According to the author, the fairy-tales texts of Bulgarians from the Republic of Moldova, their semantic, symbolic, and structural features should be researched as a local (regional) variant of Bulgarian folklore. Identification of ethnocultural markers in the fairy-tales of local Bulgarians on some different levels (such as on the subject, ethno-social and spiritual (church-religious) level) will allow to identify some peculiarities in the adaptation process of Bulgarians that migrated to a new ethnocultural zone, as well as to identify the level of preservation of basic ethnic mentality under the conditions of new “mental environment”. Thus, the study of regional ethnic culture is an interdisciplinary research, which allows discovering how localization in time and space affects ethnic culture, in general, and oral folk art, in particular.

scholarly journals A brief history of studying the role of intestinal factor in aging and/or induction of systemic inflammation: Achievements, challenges, and prospects

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-17
Author(s):  
И.А. Аниховская ◽  
В.А. Белоглазов ◽  
А.И. Гордиенко ◽  
Ю.Д. Иванов ◽  
А.В. Кубышкин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
General Pathology ◽  
Systemic Endotoxemia

Изучение кишечного фактора в скорости старения, индукции воспаления и прогрессировании заболеваний неразрывно (прямо или косвенно) связано с великим русским учёным И.И. Мечниковым. Его интуиция инициировала изучение особенностей состава микробиоты долгожителей и операций по удалению толстой кишки (как рудимента и источника токсичных продуктов гниения), результаты которых не имели научного и практического успеха и завершились чуть менее 100 лет тому назад, ознаменовав собой завершение первого этапа исследований. Параллельно с первым стартовал второй этап. Он заключался в изучении биологических свойств и структуры эндотоксина - липополисахарида (ЛПС), число молекул которого на планете очень велико, поскольку ЛПС термостабилен, а главным его источником являются сине-зелёные водоросли, заселившие Мировой океан около 2 миллиардов лет тому назад. Третий этап изучения кишечного фактора в общей патологии стартовал в России треть века назад на стыке первых двух параллельно развивающихся направлений с постулирования системной эндотоксинемии, как облигатного биологического явления и открытия клеточного рецептора TLR4, лигандом которого является ЛПС. В дальнейшем TLR4-подобные рецепторы были обнаружены даже у растений, что позволяет квалифицировать ЛПС не только как экзогормон адаптации, но и как облигатный фактор эволюции. Последняя подразумевает самообновление популяции, для реализации которой облигатные факторы жизнеобеспечения должны обладать и противоположным действием, среди которых стресс и ЛПС. Способность средств снижения содержания ЛПС в крови повышать качество лечебно-профилактического процесса позволяет оптимистично оценивать возможность замедления процессов старения. Первоочередными задачами для достижения поставленной цели являются: определение диапазона физиологических показателей системной эндотоксинемии во всех возрастных группах и создание нового поколения доступных для широкого использования средств селективной элиминации избытка ЛПС из крови (гемодиализ) и кишечника (энтеросорбция), которые могут быть созданы на основе аптамеров. Studying the role of intestinal factor in the rate of aging, induction of inflammation, and progression of diseases is inextricably (directly or indirectly) associated with the great Russian scientist I.I. Mechnikov. His intuition initiated studying the long-livers’ microbiota and the surgical removal of the colon (as a rudiment and source of toxic rotting products), which did not bring any scientific or practical success. These studies were over a little less than 100 years ago marking the end of the first stage of research. The second stage started in parallel with the first one and consisted in studying biological properties and structure of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). LPS molecules are as numerous on the earth as in the air since LPS is thermally stable and generated by blue-green algae that have inhabited the World Ocean two billion years ago. The third stage of studying the intestinal factor in general pathology started in Russia one third of a century ago at the junction of the two above-mentioned, paralleling endeavors - postulating systemic endotoxemia as an obligate biological phenomenon and discovery of the LPS receptor (TLR4) of innate immunity. TLR4 is carried by humans, animals, fish, sponges, and even plants, which suggests that LPS is not only an adaptive exohormone but also an obligate factor of evolution. This implies population self-renewal, which requires that the obligate life-support factors must also possess an opposite effect, including stress and intestinal LPS. The ability of LPS suppressors to enhance the therapeutic and prophylactic process makes promising a possibility of slowing aging. The primary tasks for achieving this goal are determining the range of systemic endotoxemia physiological indexes in all age groups and creating a readily accessible new generation of methods for selective elimination of LPS from blood (hemodialysis) and intestine (enterosorption) that could be developed on the basis of aptamers.

scholarly journals PHILOSOPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL-PEDAGOGICAL BASES OF CREATIVE ACTIVITY OF CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Iulia KOTELIANETS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Complex Integral ◽  
Educational Potential

The article substantiates the relevance of the formation of children's creative activity with the help of folklore in the process of integration of different types of artistic activities in the theory and practice of preschool education. It is noted that the highest form of human’s activity and at the same time his characteristic is creativi-ty, at the same time creative activity is defined as human activity in a particular type of creativity, which acquires essential and specific features of creativity. As a result we can mention that creativity and activity are interrelated, interpenetrating concepts that influence each other. Different approaches of understanding the essence of the concepts "creativity", "activity" are revealed and the main interpretations of these terms in philosophy, psy-chology and pedagogy are reflected. It is determined that in the studying of creativity there are two approaches: creativity as an activity; creativity as a personality trait. Based on the research of philosophers on the prob-lems of education of social activity, artistic creativity, we consider creative activity as a complex, integral quality of personality, which is a dialectical unity of general, peculi-ar to all types of social activity, and especially specific only as a measure of personality’s activity in art, has two interconnected aspects: external and internal. The external side involves the implementation of ac-tions and deeds which have creative nature. Internal involves a conscious, meaningful attitude to the activities performed, the manifestation of volitional qualities associ-ated with achieving the result. Older preschool age is the basis for the formation of creative activity and children's creativity in general, as the developmental perception of the child is the causative agent of the child's activity and creative activity in gen-eral. One of the means that contributes to younger genera-tion personality’s formation, which carries enormous educational potential, is folk art, because it contains wis-dom, the best people’s moral and aesthetic experience. In addition, it contributes to the formation of children’s crea-tivity. Based on the analysis of research, the possibilities of such types of oral folk art as fairy tales, proverbs and sayings, riddles in the formation of creative activity, based on their nature and content.

Traditional Culture of the Life Support of Buryats: Genesis and Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Badmaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Cultural Genesis ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Policies And Practices

Th e monograph is the fi rst ethnohistorical study devoted to the analysis of the development of the culture of life support of the Buryats during the 18th–19th centuries. Th e work considers the formation of the traditional culture of life support of the Buryats in the context of ethnoand cultural genesis, examines its development in the fi rst half of the 19th century and describes the infl uence of sedentarization policies and practices on it, traces the ways and results of its transformation in the second half of the 19th century and identifi es trends in modernization. Th e book is addressed to ethnographers, historians, cultural scientists and anyone interested in the problems of Buryat culture.

Folclor și identitate

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
Sabina Ispas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Specific Identity

The folklore phenomenon (the deep, oral, popular, traditional culture) is represented by all the creations of a community that is based on tradition, are expressed by a group of individuals and recognized as reflections of its expectations to the extent that it represents its social and cultural identity. This is, in fact, a sum of local, village and city identities in which “individual identities” are incorporated. Through it, the fusion between territory, language and people is obtained, which is legitimized “through a genealogy and a space conceptualized as such”. We belong to a world in which access to information is open to all. In this context, in order to find yourself, you must define and assume your own identity. Such a complicated and responsible process cannot be undertaken without reference to the traditional system of norms, expressed in that large segment of the culture that is folklore. A Europe of nations cannot be achieved without knowing and understanding the system of values to which they have appealed throughout the entire period of their definition. Folklore is a fundamental landmark for the man of the post-industrial society who is in search of the self. Along with the scholarly culture, to which it is complementary, folklore contributes to the realization of the universal, European, national heritage. Forms of expression of folklore, musical, literary or choreic texts, ritual practices, beliefs, the dominant religion of the group, etc. cooperates for the purpose of forming this identity. The standards and values are transmitted orally, by imitation or other means. Folklore includes, inter alia, phenomena of language, literature, music, dance, games, mythology, rituals, customs, crafts, architecture and other arts. The present study highlights, synthetically and systematically, the main traditions created and developed over time by the Romanian people, traditions that define it and give it a specific identity.

scholarly journals The place of the symbolic city in construction of national imagery: A case of Balkan folklore - two models of epic city

Balcanica ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Mirjana Detelic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Epic Poetry ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Ideological Position ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
Human Habitation

This article is based on folklore studies of oral epic tradition in the Serb-Croat (or, depending on territory, Croat-Serbian) language which was common to the majority of former Yugoslavia population (in fact, all but Slovenes and Macedonians). The corpus of 1200 oral epic songs were chosen among other folklore genres because of their strong ideological position which made them the only form of oral literature where town appears as a human habitation clearly defined in time and space. In all other forms of traditional culture, the urban space is imagined and represented either as a miraculous or elfin place (as in fairy-tales, ritual poetry, short literary forms, et al), or as a notion with a name but without a content (as in etiological and other legends). In contrast, the epic poetry builds the image of urban space.

scholarly journals BASHKIR PROVERBS AS A SOURCE OF STUDING TRADITIONAL ECONOMY AND FOOD CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-147
Author(s):  
Эльза Венеровна Мигранова
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
The People ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Traditional Economy

Целью данной статьи является рассмотрение отражения в паремическом наследии башкирского народа такой важной составляющей системы жизнеобеспечения, как традиционная пищевая культура, а также прошлых хозяйственных занятий народа. Многие башкирские пословицы дошли до нас из глубокой древности, некоторые появились несколько позднее, иные — даже ближе к нашему времени. В качестве основного источника нами использованы башкирские пословицы в переводе на русский язык из 7-го тома свода «Башкирское народное творчество» (Уфа, 1993); оригиналы пословиц на башкирском языке содержатся в издании «Башkорт халыk ижады» (Уфа, 1980). Значительный вклад в сбор и изучение паремического наследия башкир внесли дореволюционные и советские исследователи башкирского края, а также современные ученые-фольклористы. Среди них особо следует выделить доктора филологических наук Ф. А. Надршину, сфера научных интересов которой, в числе прочих вопросов, касалась и изучения паремического наследия башкирского народа. Из пословиц можно получить представление и о древнейших, допроизводственных видах хозяйственной деятельности башкир (охота, рыболовство, собирательство, в том числе собирательство меда диких пчел — бортничество), и о производящих — скотоводство, птицеводство, земледелие, садоводство и огородничество. Продукты питания, о которых упоминается в башкирских пословицах, можно условно разделить на несколько категорий — это продукты животного происхождения (мясо, молоко, яйца, рыба); растительная пища (крупы, злаки, овощи, дикие коренья и травы); а также мед, специи и т. д. Большое внимание в пословицах уделялось качеству продуктов; в них отображен и порядок приема пищи; гостеприимство народа, традиционные башкирские праздники и обряды, а также пища, приготовляемая к ним; пищевые табу, соблюдение которых было обязательным в башкирском обществе и т. д. Так, например, осуждалось пьянство; водка считалась причиной многих болезней и даже смерти. В народной среде было принято бережное, рачительное отношение к продуктам питания, что также нашло отражение в пословицах и поговорках. В далеком прошлом у башкир, как у многих других язычников, с пищей были связаны определенные культы и поверья. К тому же, сохранившиеся в народной памяти отголоски неурожайных голодных лет, дали значительный материал для появления пословиц о необходимости ценить еду. Исходя из анализа имеющихся материалов, можно еще раз подтвердить, что пословицы — это ценный источник для изучения истории башкирского народа, его духовной и материальной культуры. The purpose of this article is to consider the reflection in the paremic heritage of the Bashkir people of such an important component of the life support system as traditional food culture, as well as the past economic activities of the people. Many Bashkir proverbs originated come down to us from ancient times, some appeared a little later, others-even closer to our time. As the main source, we used Bashkir proverbs translated into Russian from volume 7 of the series “Bashkir folk Art” (Ufa, 1993); The originals of proverbs in the Bashkir language are contained in the publication “Bashkort Halyk Izhady” (Ufa, 1980). A significant contribution to the collection and study of the Bashkir paremic heritage was made by pre-revolutionary and Soviet researchers of the Bashkir territory, as well as modern folklore scientists. Among them, it is particularly necessary to highlight F. A. Nadrshina, whose sphere of scientific interests, among other issues, concerned the study of the paremic heritage of the Bashkir people. The food products mentioned in Bashkir proverbs can be divided into several categories: animal products (meat, milk, eggs); vegetable food (cereals, vegetables, wild roots and herbs); fish, honey, spices, as well as dishes prepared from them. Much attention was paid to the quality of products in the paremias; they also reflect the order of eating; the hospitality of the people, traditional Bashkir holidays and rituals, as well as food prepared for them; food taboos, the observance of which was mandatory in Bashkir society, etc. For example, drunkenness was condemned; vodka was considered the cause of many diseases and even death. Among the people, a careful, prudent attitude to food was promoted, which was also reflected in proverbs and sayings. In the distant past, the Bashkirs, like many other pagans, had certain cults and beliefs associated with food. In addition, the echoes of the lean famine years preserved in the people's memory also provided significant material for the appearance of proverbs about the need to appreciate food. Based on the analysis of the available materials, we can conclude that proverbs are a valuable source for studying the ethnography of Bashkirs, its spiritual and material culture.

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