New approaches in the process of crystallization of sucrose in the production of sweets with fondant bodies

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Зинаида Григорьевна Скобельская ◽  
Светлана Дженишевна Хасанова ◽  
Елена Васильевна Милорадова
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Supersaturated Solutions

Конфеты на основе помадных корпусов пользуются большим спросом у населения. Расширение ассортимента конфет и совершенствование технологии является актуальной проблемой. Актуальными остаются вопросы по расширению ассортимента популярных конфет с сохранением качества не только на производстве, но и при хранении изучение процессов, протекающих при хранении конфет с помадными корпусами, остаются в фокусе научных интересов исследователей. Поставленные задачи наиболее актуальны в производстве конфет на основе помадных корпусов - энергетически неустойчивых систем, имеющих высокую концентрацию сахарозы (более 80 %), простой химический состав, что является причиной быстрой потери потребительских свойств в процессе хранения. Решение указанных проблем возможно за счет введения в рецептуру продуктов переработки амаранта Amaranthus cruentus. Частицы порошка шрота амаранта, являясь влагоудерживающими компонентами, играют также роль компонентов кристаллизации сахарозы в высокопересыщенных растворах. Sweets based on fondant bodies are in great demand among the population. Expanding the assortment of sweets and improving technology is an urgent problem. Questions on expanding the assortment of popular sweets while maintaining quality not only in production, but during storage remain topical. The study of the processes occurring during the storage of sweets with fondant bodies remains in the focus of the scientific interests of researchers. The tasks set are most relevant in the production of sweets based on fondant bodies - energetically unstable systems with a high concentration of sucrose (more than 80 %), a simple chemical composition, which is the reason for the rapid loss of consumer properties during storage. The solution of these problems is possible due to the introduction of Amaranthus cruentus amaranth processed products into the formulation. Particles of amaranth meal powder, being water-retaining components, also play the role of components of crystallization of sucrose in highly supersaturated solutions.

Effect of High Salt Concentration on Ion Clustering and Transport in Polymer Solid Electrolytes: a Molecular Dynamics Study of PEO-LiTFSI

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Molinari ◽  
Jonathan P. Mailoa ◽  
Boris Kozinsky
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Material System ◽  
Ion Dynamics ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Anion Clusters ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene

<div> <div> <div> <p>The model and analysis methods developed in this work are generally applicable to any polymer electrolyte/cation-anion combination, but we focus on the currently most prominent polymer electrolyte material system: poly(ethylene) oxide/Li- bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide (PEO + LiTFSI). The obtained results are surprising and challenge the conventional understanding of ionic transport in polymer electrolytes: the investigation of a technologically relevant salt concentration range (1 - 4 M) revealed the central role of the anion in coordinating and hindering Li ion movement. Our results provide insights into correlated ion dynamics, at the same time enabling rational design of better PEO-based electrolytes. In particular, we report the following novel observations. 1. Strong binding of the Li cation with the polymer competes with significant correlation of the cation with the salt anion. 2. The appearance of cation-anion clusters, especially at high concentration. 3. The asymmetry in the composition (and therefore charge) of such clusters; specifically, we find the tendency for clusters to have a higher number of anions than cations.</p> </div> </div> </div>

Effect of High Salt Concentration on Ion Clustering and Transport in Polymer Solid Electrolytes: a Molecular Dynamics Study of PEO-LiTFSI

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Molinari ◽  
Jonathan P. Mailoa ◽  
Boris Kozinsky
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Material System ◽  
Ion Dynamics ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Anion Clusters ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene

<div> <div> <div> <p>The model and analysis methods developed in this work are generally applicable to any polymer electrolyte/cation-anion combination, but we focus on the currently most prominent polymer electrolyte material system: poly(ethylene) oxide/Li- bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide (PEO + LiTFSI). The obtained results are surprising and challenge the conventional understanding of ionic transport in polymer electrolytes: the investigation of a technologically relevant salt concentration range (1 - 4 M) revealed the central role of the anion in coordinating and hindering Li ion movement. Our results provide insights into correlated ion dynamics, at the same time enabling rational design of better PEO-based electrolytes. In particular, we report the following novel observations. 1. Strong binding of the Li cation with the polymer competes with significant correlation of the cation with the salt anion. 2. The appearance of cation-anion clusters, especially at high concentration. 3. The asymmetry in the composition (and therefore charge) of such clusters; specifically, we find the tendency for clusters to have a higher number of anions than cations.</p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Focused ultrasound in neuro-oncology: the role of the Focused Ultrasound Foundation in driving adoption and innovation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Whipple ◽  
Camille A. Favero ◽  
Neal F. Kassell
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Tumor Agent

Abstract Introduction Intra-arterial (lA) delivery of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an evolving strategy which enables the distribution of high concentration therapeutics through a targeted vascular territory, while potentially limiting systemic toxicity. Studies have demonstrated lA methods to be safe and efficacious for a variety of therapeutics. However, further characterization of the clinical efficacy of lA therapy for the treatment of brain tumors and refinement of its potential applications are necessary. Methods We have reviewed the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting superselective intraarterial cerebral infusion (SSJACI) with BBB disruption for the treatment of brain tumors. In addition, we review ongoing clinical trials expanding the applicability and investigating the efficacy of lA therapy for the treatment of brain tumors. Results Trends in recent studies have embraced the use of SSIACI and less neurotoxic chemotherapies. The majority of trials continue to use mannitol as the preferred method of hyperosmolar BBB disruption. Recent preclinical and preliminary human investigations into the lA delivery of Bevacizumab have demonstrated its safety and efficacy as an anti-tumor agent both alone and in combination with chemotherapy. Conclusion lA drug delivery may significantly affect the way treatment are delivered to patients with brain tumors, and in particular GBM. With refinement and standardization of the techniques of lA drug delivery, improved drug selection and formulations, and the development of methods to minimize treatment-related neurological injury, lA therapy may offer significant benefits for the treatment of brain tumors.

scholarly journals I Like the Way You Eat It: Lemur (Indri indri) Gut Mycobiome and Geophagy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigimaria Borruso ◽  
Alice Checcucci ◽  
Valeria Torti ◽  
Federico Correa ◽  
Camillo Sandri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Beneficial Role ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
Indri Indri ◽  
Lemur Species

AbstractHere, we investigated the possible linkages among geophagy, soil characteristics, and gut mycobiome of indri (Indri indri), an endangered lemur species able to survive only in wild conditions. The soil eaten by indri resulted in enriched secondary oxide-hydroxides and clays, together with a high concentration of specific essential micronutrients. This could partially explain the role of the soil in detoxification and as a nutrient supply. Besides, we found that soil subject to geophagy and indris’ faeces shared about 8.9% of the fungal OTUs. Also, several genera (e.g. Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium) commonly associated with soil and plant material were found in both geophagic soil and indri samples. On the contrary, some taxa with pathogenic potentials, such as Cryptococcus, were only found in indri samples. Further, many saprotrophs and plant-associated fungal taxa were detected in the indri faeces. These fungal species may be involved in the digestion processes of leaves and could have a beneficial role in their health. In conclusion, we found an intimate connection between gut mycobiome and soil, highlighting, once again, the potential consequent impacts on the wider habitat.

scholarly journals Vulnerability to climate change of a microendemic lizard species from the central Andes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Laspiur ◽  
J. C. Santos ◽  
S. M. Medina ◽  
J. E. Pizarro ◽  
E. A. Sanabria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change

AbstractGiven the rapid loss of biodiversity as consequence of climate change, greater knowledge of ecophysiological and natural history traits are crucial to determine which environmental factors induce stress and drive the decline of threatened species. Liolaemus montanezi (Liolaemidae), a xeric-adapted lizard occurring only in a small geographic range in west-central Argentina, constitutes an excellent model for studies on the threats of climate change on such microendemic species. We describe field data on activity patterns, use of microhabitat, behavioral thermoregulation, and physiology to produce species distribution models (SDMs) based on climate and ecophysiological data. Liolaemus montanezi inhabits a thermally harsh environment which remarkably impacts their activity and thermoregulation. The species shows a daily bimodal pattern of activity and mostly occupies shaded microenvironments. Although the individuals thermoregulate at body temperatures below their thermal preference they avoid high-temperature microenvironments probably to avoid overheating. The population currently persists because of the important role of the habitat physiognomy and not because of niche tracking, seemingly prevented by major rivers that form boundaries of their geographic range. We found evidence of habitat opportunities in the current range and adjacent areas that will likely remain suitable to the year 2070, reinforcing the relevance of the river floodplain for the species’ avoidance of extinction.

Elucidating the Origin of the Toxicity of Nano-CeO2 to Chlorella pyrenoidosa：the Role of Specific Surface Area and Chemical Composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjian Xie ◽  
Yuhui Ma ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Junzhe Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Cerium Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Application ◽  
Ecotoxicological Effects

With the increasing environmental application and discharge of nano cerium dioxide (nano-CeO2), it is urgent to fully understand its ecotoxicological effects on the aquatic environment. This study for the first...

Research on Ethanol Production by Biological Fermentation of Potato Pulp

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Potato Pulp ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Production Rate ◽  
Solid Liquid

Bioconversion of potato pulp to fuel ethanol, analysing the potato pulp chemical composition and determining the potato pulp in the role of microorganism produce ethanol under the best conditions is the major research. An analysis of the chemical composition of potato pulp showed that : the basic ingredients are Protein (9.72%), Starch (25.52%), Cellulose (17.90%). The effects of ethanol production rate of solid-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, inoculumconcertration, fermentation time. The results showed that: the best conditions producting ethanol from potato pulp obtained by single factor experiments are: solid-liquid ratio: 1:15, fermentation temperature: 35°C, inoculumconcertration: 3mL, fermentation time: 20h. Under this occasion, the ethanol production rate was 0.183mL·g-1.

The role of chemical composition in the synthesis of Ca/K-1144 iron based superconductors

2021 ◽  
pp. 159202
Author(s):  
Andrea Masi ◽  
Achille Angrisani Armenio ◽  
Giuseppe Celentano ◽  
Aurelio La Barbera ◽  
Alessandro Rufoloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Iron Based Superconductors ◽  
Iron Based

Chemistry of oxylipin pathways in marine diatoms

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Fontana ◽  
Giuliana d'Ippolito ◽  
Adele Cutignano ◽  
Antonio Miralto ◽  
Adrianna Ianora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Marine Diatoms ◽  
Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

Oxylipins are important signal transduction molecules widely distributed in animals and plants where they regulate a variety of events associated with physiological and pathological processes. The family embraces several different metabolites that share a common origin from the oxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The biological role of these compounds has been especially studied in mammalians and higher plants, although a varied and very high concentration of these products has also been reported from marine macroalgae. This article gives a summary of our results concerning the oxylipin chemistry of marine diatoms, a major class of planktonic microalgae that discourage predation from their natural grazers, zooplanktonic copepods, using chemical warfare. These apparently harmless microscopic cells produce a plethora of oxylipins, including short-chain unsaturated aldehydes, hydroxyl-, keto-, and epoxyhydroxy fatty acid derivatives, that induce reproductive failure in copepods through abortions, congenital malformations, and reduced larval growth. The biochemical process involved in the production of these compounds shows a simple regulation based on decompartmentation and mixing of preexisting enzymes and requires hydrolysis of chloroplast-derived glycolipids to feed the downstream activities of C16 and C20 lipoxygenases.

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