A Critical Study of the Historiography of Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad Al-Hakim Neshapuri

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Sohail Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Intellectual Work ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Historiography considered and important intellectual work since the ancient Greek era. Herodotus is to be called as the father of historiography. Muslim started historiography with the writing of Quran and Hadeith. Among them one is Imam Hakim Neshapuri who is considered the marvelous intellectual and in the field of Historiography Imam Muhammad Hakim Neshapuri consider one of the most relay able Muslim Historians of the 4th century A.H. After the advent of Islam Muslims attracted to the field of historiography and gave Quran great attention to promote historical knowledge. Therefore, historiography became one the popular discipline of knowledge among the Muslims intellectuals in medieval period. Muslim Scholars worked Quran, Hadeith, Fiqah and historiography in all its aspect. Imam Muhammad Hakim Neshapuri is one of the Muslim’s intellectual who worked in the promotion of knowledge. Imam Neshapuri considered one of the authentic Muslims historians of fourth century A.H and all the later historians used his books as reference to the events of this age.  This paper is an attempt to explore historical work of Imam Hakim Neshapuri and this paper highlights the life and work of Imam Hakim Neshapuri.    

Conclusions

2019 ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Lucy C. M. M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Drama ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
The Way

As well as bringing together all the relevant evidence for the quality and activity of the chorus of drama in the fourth century, this monograph has raised certain key questions about the current understanding of the nature and development of Attic drama as a whole. First, it shows that the supposed ‘civic’ quality of the chorus of drama is, in fact, an association loaned, inappropriately, from the genre of circular, ‘dithyrambic’, choral performance. Being attentive to the cultural differences between these two genres should prompt a further re-evaluation of how to read dramatic choruses more generally. Second, the way in which key fourth-century authors such as Plato and Xenophon use the image of the chorus to discuss the concept of leadership has profoundly shaped ways of construing choreia in ancient Greek drama, and the ancient Mediterranean more generally. Armed with this knowledge, it is possible to retell the story and history of the chorus in drama.

Demokratia and Arete in Ancient Greek Political Thought

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Wallach
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Athenian Democracy ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Relationship

This article interprets demokratia and arete as dynamically related terms of political thought in ancient Greek culture, from Homeric times to the end of the classical era. It does so selectively, identifying three stages in which this relationship is developed: (1) from the Homeric to archaic eras; (2) fifth-century Athenian democracy, in which demokratia and arete are posed as complementary terms; and (3) the fourth century era in which philosophers used virtue to critique democracy. Relying mostly on evidence from writers who have become benchmarks in the history of Western political thought, the argument emphasizes the inherently political dimension of arete during this period of ancient Greek culture. Noting different ways in which arete is related to political power in general and democracy in particular, it also illustrates the manner in which arete is neither philosophically pristine nor merely an instrument of practical power. The effect of the research contradicts traditional and recent readings of democracy and virtue as inherently antagonistic. The aim of the article is to identify ancient Greek contributions to understanding the potential, contingencies and dangers of the relationship between democracy (as a form of power) and virtue (as a form of ethics) — one which may benefit both democracy and virtue.

scholarly journals Indonesian Traditional Ulama Notions Against Wahhabism: A Study of Abi al-Faḍal al-Senoriy’s Thought

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Intense Debate ◽  
Muslim Scholars

<p>Studies of the early 19th century on the classical literatures of traditional Indonesian Muslim scholars in response to Wahhabi developments have forgotten the important work of <em>Kawākib al-Lammā‘ah</em> written by Abi al-Faḍal al-Senoriy. This book emerged in the midst of a situation of massive expansion of Wahhabi teachings and of intense debate among modernist and traditional Muslim groups in Indonesia. This book also represents Nahdlatul Ulama’s response towards Wahhabi teachings because the 23rd Nahdlatul Ulama Conference in Solo in 1964 was recommended to be a referred book in pesantrens and other educational institutions of the Nahdlatul Ulama. Through descriptive-qualitative analysis, this article examines the thought of Abi al-Faḍal al-Senoriy in the particular book. This article finds that Abi al-Faḍal has carried out a critical study on Wahhabi teachings, which according to him opposes Sunni teachings for the Wahhabi teachings contradict some important foundation in the <em>Ahl al-Sunnah</em> Islamic tradition in terms of theology, fiqh, and Sufism.</p>

Mermaids

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Müller ◽  
Christopher Halls ◽  
Ben Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Music And Architecture

Women with fish tails are among the oldest and still most popular of mythological creatures, possessing a powerful allure and compelling ambiguity. They dwell right in the uncanniest valley of the sea: so similar to humans, yet profoundly other. Mermaids: Art, Symbolism and Mythology presents a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and beautifully illustrated study of mermaids and their influence on Western culture. The roots of mermaid mythology and its metamorphosis through the centuries are discussed with examples from visual art, literature, music and architecture—from 600 BCE right up to the present day. Our story starts in Mesopotamia, source of the earliest preserved illustrations of half-human, half-fish creatures. The myths and legends of the Mesopotamians were incorporated and adopted by ancient Greek, Etruscan and Roman cultures. Then, during the early medieval period, ancient mythological creatures such as mermaids were confused, transformed and reinterpreted by Christian tradition to begin a new strand in mermaid lore. Along the way, all manner of stunning—and sometimes bizarre or unsettling—depictions of mermaids emerged. Written in an accessible and entertaining style, this book challenges conventional views of mermaid mythology, discusses mermaids in the light of evolutionary theory and aims to inspire future studies of these most curious of imaginary creatures.

Word & Image

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-91
Author(s):  
Michael Squire
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Roman Art ◽  
Classical Philology ◽  
Classical Archaeology ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
Roman Antiquity ◽  
Written Materials

This chapter examines the relationships between visual and verbal media in Roman antiquity. More specifically, it demonstrates how the study of Roman art intersects with the study of ancient Greek and Latin texts, and vice versa. Despite the tendency to segregate areas of scholarly expertise—above all, to separate “classical archaeology” from “classical philology”—any critical engagement with Roman imagery and iconography must go hand in hand with critical readings of written materials. The chapter proceeds in three parts. First, it explores some of the ways in which Roman literary texts (both Greek and Latin) engaged with visual subjects. Second, it discusses the textuality of Roman visual culture, surveying the roles that inscriptions played on Roman buildings, statues, mosaics, paintings, and other media. Third, it demonstrates the “intermedial”—or, perhaps better, the “iconotextual”—workings of Roman texts and images, with particular reference to the fourth-century ce picture-poems of Optatian.

Exploring Intercommunity Political Activity in Fourth-Century Greece

2018 ◽  
pp. 405-432
Author(s):  
Peter Liddel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek City ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
City States ◽  
Cultural Structure ◽  
Inter State

It might seem reasonable to take the view that the study of ancient Greek political behaviour could plausibly focus upon exchanges that went on inside the polis: after all, the word ‘politics’ derives from the Greek politika (‘polis affairs’). However, the concerns of ancient Greek polis-communities were not merely introspective: communities (regardless of size or military clout) were obliged to face the consequences of the decisions and activity of other communities. Human representatives of city-states performed necessary interactions with outsiders: they fought as soldiers, and staked political or ideological claims as ambassadors and politicians. On their return to their home communities, these individuals proclaimed to their audiences the significance of their activity away from home. Furthermore, the overlaps in social and cultural structure of different Greek city-states, as well as the existence of shared modes of decision-making, might lead us to anticipate the value of trans-community forms of political activity. At the heart of this question, therefore, is an overall debate about the degree of ‘unity’ of Greek political institutions and behaviour, a debate explored in this chapter with particular reference to the contested transferability of the decree (psephisma) in Greek inter-state politics of the fourth century.

The Length of the Sarissa

Antichthon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Matthew
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The Face

AbstractIn an age when size really did matter, the length of the long pike (sarissa) employed by armies of the Hellenistic Age (c. 350-168 BC) was consistently altered by successive armies trying to gain an advantage over their opponents. These alterations are well attested in the ancient sources — albeit in an ancient Greek unit of measure. But how big were these pikes in terms of modern units of measure? This has been a topic of scholarly debate for some time. This article engages with these debates, and the evidence and theories that these arguments are based upon. A critical review of this evidence not only allows the changing length of thesarissato be calculated in a modern unit of measure, but also examines descriptions in the ancient sources that suggest the forerunner to the Hellenistic pike phalanx was created a generation before the rise of Macedon as a military power in the mid fourth century BC. This, in turn, allows for the configuration of one of the weapons that changed the face of warfare in the ancient world to be much better understood.

“Bare Life” and Politics in Agamben's Reading of Aristotle

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Gordon Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Critical Social Theory ◽  
Political Society ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Homo Sacer ◽  
Western Politics

AbstractGiorgio Agamben's critique of Western politics inHomo Sacerand three related books has been highly influential in the humanities and social sciences. The critical social theory set out in these works depends essentially on his reading of Aristotle'sPolitics. His diagnosis of what ails Western politics and his suggested remedy advert to a “biopolitical paradigm,” at the center of which stand a notion of “bare life” and a purported opposition betweenbiosandzoē. Agamben claims that this distinction is found in Aristotle's text, in ancient Greek, and in a tradition of political theory and political society stemming from fourth-century Athens to the present. However, a close reading of Aristotle refutes this assertion. There is no such distinction. I show that he bases this view on claims about Aristotle by Arendt and Foucault, which are also unfounded.

scholarly journals The influence of canon law on ius commune in its formative period

SEEU Review ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Sami Mehmeti
Keyword(s):  
Canon Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
European Law ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Ius Commune ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference

AbstractIn the Medieval period, Roman law and canon law formedius communeor the common European law. The similarity between Roman and canon law was that they used the same methods and the difference was that they relied on different authoritative texts. In their works canonists and civilists combined the ancient Greek achievements in philosophy with the Roman achievements in the field of law. Canonists were the first who carried out research on the distinctions between various legal sources and systematized them according to a hierarchical order. The Medieval civilists sought solutions in canon law for a large number of problems that Justinian’s Codification did not hinge on or did it only superficially. Solutions offered by canon law were accepted not only in the civil law of Continental Europe, but also in the English law.

scholarly journals Politeness in Pronouns

Philologus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas Bentein
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Pronominal Reference ◽  
The Third Person

AbstractIn many languages, a person can be addressed either in the second person singular or the second person plural: the former indicates familiarity and/or lack of respect, while the latter suggests distance and/or respect towards the addressee. While in Ancient Greek pronominal reference initially was not used as a ‘politeness strategy’, in the Post-classical period a T–V distinction did develop. In the Early Byzantine period, I argue, yet another pronominal usage developed: a person could also be addressed in the third person singular. This should be connected to the rise of abstract nominal forms of address, a process which can be dated to the fourth century AD.

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