Detection of Adulteration in Rubia cordifolia – A Chromatographic Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 4013-4018
Author(s):  
Ghanshyam Kamani ◽  
Rohan Sanghani ◽  
Vaibhavi Savalia ◽  
Devang Pandya
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rubia Cordifolia ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Rubia Tinctorum ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
The One

According to traditional medicinal texts as well as modern research, Rubia cordifolia (Desi Manjistha) stem cure various diseases of blood, skin diseases, inflammations, kidney stones, fever and various Kapha disorders. However, stems of Rubia cordifolia (Desi Manjistha) are often adulterated with stems of Rubia tinctorum (Irani Manjistha) due to morphological similarity. This adulteration is extremely harmful as R. tinctorum has Lucidin as one of the chemical constituents, which has severe genotoxic effects. The present work focuses on developing a comparative HPTLC fingerprint and GC-MS analysis of R. cordifolia and R. tinctorum, so as to detect the adulteration by R. tinctorum in R. cordifolia raw material form and in formulations. Methanol extracts of the individually powdered stems were used to develop a suitable mobile phase, such that a clear spot was obtained in TLC of R. tinctorum but not in TLC of R. cordifolia using the same mobile phase. This mobile phase was further used to develop a comparative HPTLC fingerprint of the two species. Methanol extracts of R. cordifolia and R. tinctorum were used for investigation of phytoconstituents by GC-MS analysis. The mobile phase n-butanol: ethanol (6:4) was the one which gave a clear single spot at Rf 0.89 in TLC of methanol extract of R. tinctorum but not in TLC of methanol extract of R. cordifolia, at 254nm and 366nm. Further, HPTLC analysis gave results clearly differentiating the two species using the same mobile phase. Further, GC-MS analysis of R. cordioflia revealed the presence of 9 phytoconstituents while R. tinctorum revealed the presence of 6 phytoconstituents, which are different from each other. Thus, these simple yet sophisticated techniques will be very useful for herbal industry in standardization and detection of adulteration of R. tinctorum in R. cordifolia formulations, thereby benefitting the patients who consume Manjistha formulations.

Investigation of Compounds and Biological Activity of Selected Indonesian Marine Sponges

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-321
Author(s):  
Idin Sahidin ◽  
Carla W. Sabandar ◽  
Wahyuni ◽  
Rini Hamsidi ◽  
Sandra Aulia Mardikasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

Background: Marine sponges provided a great source of natural products with promising biological activity. This study was aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of methanol extracts of selected Indonesian marine sponges (Callyspongia sp., Clathria sp., Melophlus sarasinorum, and Xestospongia sp.), collected from the Saponda Islands, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Methods: LCMS/MS analysis used to identify the compounds. Agar well diffusion and DPPH assays were used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Results: Chemical screening reported alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins from all investigated sponges. The LC-MS/MS analysis identified various compounds which mainly contained steroids. Antimicrobial activity (against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans) was only shown by the Xestospongia sp. extract. Meanwhile, extracts of M. sarasinorum, Xestospongia sp., and Callyspongia sp. exhibited potent radical scavenging activity. Conclusion: The study concluded that the selected sponges could provide various groups of compounds. Methanol extracts of these sponges could be used as sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND CONSTITUENTS OF HEXANE EXTRACT OF MELASTOMA MALABATHRICUM L

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dil Prakash Giri ◽  
Meena Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Ms Analysis

 Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50 % aqueous methanol extracts of leaf, flower and fruit of Melastoma malabathricum were screened for the presence of different classes of phytochemicals. In phytochemical screening, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50 % aqueous methanol extracts showed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids. Glycosides were found only in the 50 % methanol extract of fruit. Free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract of leaf, flower and fruit was determined using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. Total phenolic content was measured spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu, total flavonoids content by using aluminum chloride and total sugar content by using anthrone reagent. Gallic acid was used as a standard for the calibration of phenolics, catechin for flavonoids and glucose for carbohydrates. The highest amount of phenolic was found in the 50 % methanol extract of leaf (242.88 ± 3.52 mg GAE/g extract), the highest amount of flavonoids was found in the ethyl acetate extract of leaf (127.41 ± 6.33 mg CE/g extract). Total sugar in 50 % methanol extract of fruit was found to be 151.12 ± 8.79 mg GE/g extract. Methanol extracts of flower showed the strongest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 17.23 μg/ml. Silyl derivative of hexane extracts were prepared by using N-methyl-N-(trimetylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide for gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) analysis. The GC-MS analysis of hexane extract allowed the identification of 17 phyto-constituents by comparing the fragmentation pattern of each component in mass spectrum with the standard NIST mass spectral database.

Chemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the aerial parts of Coccinia barteri

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ethyl Hexadecanoate ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Percentage Abundance

Phytochemical analysis of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the aerial parts of Coccinia barteri was carried out. These extracts exhibited satisfactory inhibitory activities against bacteria and fungi strains, which include; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum and Rhizopus stolonifer. Methanol extract of C. barteri possesses antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH free radical with IC50 of 187.56 μg/mL, using DPPH antioxidant assay. GC-MS analysis of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the plant principally revealed the presence of phytol, ethyl hexadecanoate and clionasterol with their corresponding percentage abundance of 57.75%, 18.33% and 9.79%, respectively.

scholarly journals Bioactive chemical constituents of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes extract inhibit the growth of human hepatoma cell line (HepG2)

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezzat Abdel-Lateef ◽  
Faten Mahmoud ◽  
Olfat Hammam ◽  
Eman El-Ahwany ◽  
Eman El-Wakil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Hepatoma Cell Line ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Phenolic Constituents

Abstract The present study was designed to identify the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes and their inhibitory effect on a hepatoma cell line. The methanolic extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to identify the volatile constituents and the other part of the same extract was subjected to liquid column chromatographic separation to isolate curcumin. The inhibition of cell growth in the hepatoma cell line and the cytopathological changes were studied. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of fifty compounds in the methanolic extract of C. longa. The major compounds were ar-turmerone (20.50 %), β-sesquiphellandrene (5.20 %) and curcumenol (5.11 %). Curcumin was identified using IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The inhibition of cell growth by curcumin (IC50 = 41.69 ± 2.87 μg mL-1) was much more effective than that of methanolic extract (IC50 = 196.12 ± 5.25 μg mL-1). Degenerative and apoptotic changes were more evident in curcumin- treated hepatoma cells than in those treated with the methanol extract. Antitumor potential of the methanolic extract may be attributed to the presence of sesquiterpenes and phenolic constituents including curcumin (0.051 %, 511.39 μg g-1 dried methanol extract) in C. longa rhizomes.

scholarly journals Identification of Chemical Compounds from the Ethanolic Extract of the Bark of Bauhinia tomentosa L. By GC-MS Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan S. ◽  
Vadivel E.
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Major Chemical

The bark of Bauhinia tomentosa L. is used wildly used for the treatment of varies ailments such as inflammation, wound, dysentery, skin diseases and for microbial infections. In the present study the ethanolic extract of the bark of Bauhinia tomentosa L. has been subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of fourteen phytochemical constituents, These compounds were identified by comparing their retention time and peak area with that of literature and by interpretation of mass spectra. The major chemical constituents are 4-(Benzyloxy)-1-methoxy-2(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-benzene (10.88%), Levodopa (6.39%) and (9E, 12E) - Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate (5.68%) which possess many biological activities. Hence these studies pave a platform to screen many bioactive components for wound healing.

scholarly journals Determination of Plant Constituents in Fractions of Cordia obliqua Willd. Leaf Methanol Extract using GC-MS Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gupta ◽  
G. D. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Sesquiterpene Alcohol ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Extract Fraction ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Cordia obliqua Willd. is an important medicinal plant of family Boraginaceae. It is commonly known as Clammy Cherry. It is a deciduous tree and found throughout Himalayan region in India. Traditionally, it possesses a number of medicinal activities like diuretic, expectorant, antipyretic, anthelmintic and maturant. The current work is aimed to investigate chemical constituents present in fractions of leaf methanol extract of Cordia obliqua plant using GC-MS analysis. Two fractions of methanol extract (CO1 and CO3) were studied and about 30 components were detected in each sample. Highest peak area was observed for moncyclic sesquiterpene alcohol α-Bisabolol oxide b at RT 20.84 in CO1 and for o-methyl-d-glucose at RT 16.53 in CO3. The important constituents detected were Amino acids, Oleic acid, Oleanolic acid, Sesquiterpene lactone, trietrpenoids, various steroids, galactopyranoside, Hexadecanoic acid, Phthalic acid, Azafrin, Decatrienoic acid, Docasenamide, Morphinan and carotenoids. Among these Morphinan is an opoid alkaloid and good psychoactive drug. Other constituents are also medicinally important and many have reported biological activities. Thus GC-MS analysis revealed the existence of various types of constituents in Cordia obliqua leaf methanol extract fraction which confirm the application of this plant for a number of medicinal activities.

Dicentra scandens (D.Don) Walp. - A Potential Source of Antimicrobial Agent

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koirala Pramila ◽  
Singh Bimala
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Ms Analysis

Dicentra scandens (D.Don) Walp. locally called as ‘Jogi Lahara’ belongs to the Family Fumariaceae and is used in traditional medicine in Sikkim, a North Eastern state of India. The present study investigated the antimicrobial properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of Dicentra scandens (D.Don) Walp. against some test Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Using agar well diffusion method, aqueous and methanol extracts of roots of Dicentra scandens were tested against Escherichia coli (MTCC 1089), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 3384), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1034), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 742), Salmonella typhi (MTCC 733), Shigella flexneri (MTCC 1457), Vibrio cholerae O139(MTCC 3906), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 6840) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 7443). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were also evaluated. Promising antimicrobial activity was exhibited by methanol extract of Dicentra scandens. The methanol extract was further characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The GC-MS analysis revealed 29 compounds and the major compounds detected were Protopine (53.78%) and Corydine (18.20%). Thus, the alkaloids are predominant phytoconstituents of the extract and could be attributed to its antimicrobial activity. The results of the present study indicate that, Dicentra scandens can be a source of potential antimicrobial agent and can be explored further for its therapeutic use.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and GC-MS Analysis of Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh Stem

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
N. H. Shahare ◽  
S. K. Bodele
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Ether ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant ◽  
Dendrophthoe Falcata

Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Loranthaceae. It is perennial, climbing and woody parasitic plant of family Loranthaceae. It is ethnomedicinally used for treating ulcers, asthma, impotence, paralysis skin diseases and wounds. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the phytochemical constituents present in the Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh stem. The preliminary phytochemical screening in different solvents extract was done by using standard methods. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, protein and amino acids, fixed oils and fats, saponins, sterols, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanin and anthraquinones in different solvent extracts. GC-MS analysis was performed on the methanolic extract to find out the chemical constituents. The GC-MS study revealed the presence of about 51 bioactive compounds. Cyclopentasiloxane, Cyclohexasiloxane, Cycloheptasiloxane, Cyclooctasiloxane, Cyclononasiloxane, Phthalic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Cyclodecasiloxane, Cyclononasiloxane, Tetracosane, Tetratriacontane, Benzoic acid, 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, Octadecane, ç-Sitosterol are some of the major phytoconstituents reported from the sample. Further research work is needed on these identified compounds to analyse their mode of action and usefulness in phytopharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents of Buah Makasar [Brucea Javanica (L) Merr] Leaves and Seed Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Handa Muliasari ◽  
Candra D Hamdin ◽  
Agus Dwi Ananto ◽  
Muhsinul Ihsan
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Brucea Javanica ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Lombok Island

Buah Makasar [Brucea javanica (L) Merr] is one of the local plants in Lombok Island that is traditionally used for diabetic medication. The purpose of this research was to identify the chemical constituents containing in methanol leaves and seed extract of Buah Makasar. The methods used were phytochemical screening for some groups of chemical compounds and GC-MS analysis. The result of phytochemical screening showed that methanol extract of B. javanica seed contains alkaloids, terpenoids, and tannin with a high intensity; while the leaves extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannin, and saponin. The differences of chemical compositions in the leaves and seed extract may give them have different bioactivities. GC-MS analysis showed some fatty acids containing in the seed extract such as stearic acid and palmitic acid.

scholarly journals Isolation and Analysis of Methanol Extract of Leaf of Senna siamea

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Balami ◽  
J. Yakubu ◽  
J. Yakubu ◽  
U. T. Mamza ◽  
S. I. Dawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Retardation Factor ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Senna Siamea ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Column Chromatographic

This study aimed at isolation and characterization of biochemical constituents of the leaf extract of Senna siamea. The fresh leaves of Senna siamea were air-dried, pulverized and extracted using methanol by maceration method. The extract was screened for phytochemicals using standard methods. Fifty grammas (50 g) of the crude extract was defatted using n-hexane; 20 g was subjected to column chromatographic (CC) analysis using ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions with similar retardation factor (Rf) were pooled and coded. Subsequently purification of fraction SSM5 was carried out using CC with solvent [Toluene and n-butanol (4:1) as mobile phase]. The collection was based on colour bands) and TLC was carried out where a sub-fraction SSM54 amongst other fractions gave a single spot on TLC and the Rf value was 0.71. It was then subjected to UV, IR and GC-MS analysis. The extract by maceration yielded 12.60% w/w and the defatted extract yielded 10.0% w/w. The result of the UV-visible gave a wavelength of 289 nm and an absorbance of 4.268. The result of infrared spectroscopy revealed functional groups thus O-H, N-H, C-H stretching group at 3385.8 cm-1, -CHO at 2955.8 cm-1, -CHO stretching at 2926.0 cm-1,-NH3+ at 1640.0 cm-1, carboxylate ion–CO2- for amino acid at 1449.9cm-1, -N=N- at 1401.5 cm-1, -N+O-=N- at 1315.8 cm-, C-O-C at 1189 cm-1, Si-O at 1084 cm-1 and S=O at 1013.8. The GC-MS analysis of SSM54 revealed the presence of Diisoctyl phthalate, Purine-2,6-dione, 8-(3-Ethoxypropylamino)-1,3-dimethyl-3, 9-dihydro-, a-Pinene, 10-(dimethylaminomethyl), 1H-indene-2-ethanamine, N, N- dimethyl-3-[1-(2-pyrindinyl) ethyl] -, Benzene, 1, 2- bis(2,5 dimethylphenylaminomethyl)-3,6- dimethyl- and Cinnamic acid, p-(trimethylsiloxy)-, methyl ester were among the probable bioactive compounds. 

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