scholarly journals Field Investigation and Experimentation of Expansive Mortar in Dimension Stone Mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Aamir Muhammad ◽  
Ibrahim Amin ◽  
Muhammad Adil ◽  
Salim Raza
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Dimension Stone ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
Time Increase ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Block Volume ◽  
Made In

Nature has blessed Pakistan with huge reserves of dimension stone that are mostly extracted through conventional mining methods. Different mechanized techniques have been tested and some give propitious results but failed to get popularity in the dimension stone sector of Pakistan. One such attempt is made in this work and a non-conventional method expansive mortar (EM) is introduce into this sector, to reduce the waste and cracks that are produced during conventional mining method (drilling and blasting). The results proclaim that expansive mortar efficiently reduced waste production and increased productivity. Through conventional method 470 MTs economical blocks were extracted from a block of 10758 cubic ft, earning $1121.95. In contrast, expansive mortar was applied to a block volume of 6750 cubic ft, in which economical blocks extracted were weighing 489 MTs, earning $5766.46. These encouraging figures replicate more than five-time increase in profit and high reduction in waste production.  

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT TODAY AND TOMORROW

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Pols ◽  
G. H. Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
Made In

The way we treat our wastewater nowadays is not always favourable for improving the quality of our environment. Indeed, the quality of the surface waters has increased by the high investments we have made in our treatment facilities, but it cannot be denied that these same facilities have a major impact on other environmental issues. From ibis point of view the question is raised as to which treatment techniques are favourable not only for the water phase, but also from the viewpoint of energy, waste production and renewal of resources. Over thirty techniques, all of them chemical/physical treatment techniques, have been reviewed, especially for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. More importantly, these techniques have been analysed thoroughly in a multi-criteria-analysis, not only for their environmental impacts, but also on criteria influencing the implementation of these techniques. From ibis multi-criteria-analysis the most favourable treatment technique to be developed and implemented may be chosen.

Notes on the Poster “Map of Natural Stones from Sardinia (Italy)”

2020 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Nicola Careddu ◽  
Massimo Scanu ◽  
Paolo Desogus
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Dimension Stone ◽  
Stone Surface ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Public Resource ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Properties ◽  
Natural Stones ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Made In

Sardinia (Italy) produces a vast array of natural stones for ornamental use. Besides the internationally known pink and gray granites and the famous limestone known as Orosei marble, a wide range of vulcanites (basalts and “trachytes”) and phyllites - including yellow and ghiandone granites - are also produced. Orosei marbles are some of the most requested types today, which are marketed especially to China. However, there are a number of Sardinian natural stones, which have been quarried and marketed for fifty years, although no image or footage has been published yet: a mention of this natural stones has been only made in some old list of Sardinian stones. For this reason, authors suggested the publication of a poster (70 cm x 100 cm) showing a collection of natural stones quarried for ornamental purposes in Sardinia over the last fifty years. The poster includes a user-friendly map that has been adapted for school use and as a public resource in libraries. There are no previous publications showing a similar wide range of Sardinian stones. The poster offers scientific information about lithology, quarrying sites, dimension stone producing areas, quarries of historical and/or archaeological interest, historical trend in quarries output, technical properties, stone surface workability and a glossary.

Deformation and Failure Features of Surrounding Rock for Combining Mining in Steep and Close Seam

2013 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Fan Zhang ◽  
Wei Gang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Coal Seam ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
The World ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Different Thickness

Being closer space among steep and close seams, there always is a mutually destructive influence on adjacent seams while mining arbitrary coal seam within the same mining section, so the scientific mining method of steep and close seam is always the difficult problem to mining workers. Urumchi coalfield developed by Shenhua Xijiang corporation is a very few mine in China and even the world, in which entirely existing and exploiting steep and close seam. There are more than 30 layers of steep seams with different thickness and different distance. Aiming to the steep and close seams in Jiangou coalmine of urumchi mine, the combining mining methods with different mining approaches and different advancing distances were numerically simulated using 2-D and 3-D Finite Element Method, the deformation and failure features of surrounding rock were studied, and then the scientific of combining mine in steep and close seam was investigated.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW METHOD OF SEISMIC VELOCITY DETERMINATION

Geophysics ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Kokesh
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Explosive Charge ◽  
Velocity Measurement ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
New Method ◽  
Seismic Velocities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Velocity Information ◽  
Made In

The conventional method of making velocity surveys in bore holes is inherently expensive, time consuming, and inconvenient, and has a tendency towards non‐uniformity of results. With increasing recognition of the importance of seismic velocity information in the evaluation of seismograph data, the attention of geophysicists is turning towards means of overcoming the obstacles standing in the way of obtaining velocity information in greater volume. Considerable interest has recently been aroused in a new method of measuring seismic velocities wherein the explosive charge is placed in the hole and the seismic energy is picked up with multiple detector groups placed on the surface. Experimentation carried on during the past year indicates that the new method is quite workable. Casing perforator guns of the conventional bullet type have given results to depths exceeding 8,000 ft. with complete safety. Some experimentation with primacord as the explosive has given encouragement as a means of increasing the depth at which the method may be used. Substantial improvements have been made in the manner of obtaining the time break. This paper attempts to outline the basic problems of velocities and their measurement and describes the preliminary development that has been done thus far on the new method of velocity measurement.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR THE ESTIMATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH OF DISCONTINUITY IN MASSIVE AND KARSTIFIED LIMESTONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Ivana Dobrilović ◽  
Petar Hrženjak ◽  
Dražen Navratil
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Dimension Stone ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Made In

In this paper, the problem of estimating the shear strength of discontinuity is presented, which especially occurs in massive and karstified limestones, where discontinuity walls can be extremely rough and irregular, with or without filling material, and for which the current models have proven to be unsatisfactory. A characteristic example of such limestones is the deposit of dimension stone “Kanfanar”, located on the Istrian peninsula in Croatia. For the purpose of developing a model for estimating the shear strength of discontinuity, field research was conducted in which large samples of blocks with natural discontinuities were prepared, as well as samples of filling material in limited conditions, on which detailed laboratory tests of shear strength were performed. Special attention was paid to determining the joint roughness coefficient JRC, the actual contact area between the discontinuity walls, the basic or residual friction angle and the friction angle of the built-in filling material between the discontinuity surfaces. The development of the model for estimating the shear strength of discontinuity was based on Barton’s JRC-JCS empirical model, given the fact that it is one of the most commonly applied models in engineering practice. Based on the results of the tests, a modification of Barton’s JRC-JCS model was made, in such a way that the friction angle of the built-in filling material in the case of discontinuity with a filling was applied instead of the basic or residual friction angle. In addition, for the correct evaluation of the roughness of the discontinuity walls in massive and karstified limestones, it was found that it is necessary to increase the roughness coefficient to values larger than 20, which has been proposed as the maximum so far. Evaluation of the proposed model showed that it is satisfactorily accurate in estimating the shear strength of discontinuity with clay filling material of different states of consistency.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Waste Generated in Dimension Stone Processing

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7232
Author(s):  
Paweł Strzałkowski
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Dimension Stone ◽  
Secondary Material ◽  
Rational Planning ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Stone Material

Natural dimension stone processing generates large volumes of stone waste, which have a significant impact on the environment, as well as on the efficiency and profitability of the stone-processing plant. The article presents the characteristics of waste produced as a result of natural dimension stone processing and the structure of the waste production process. Solid stone scraps and sludge were distinguished. On the basis of the performed analyses, it was shown that stone waste constitutes 10–35% in relation to the quantity of the processed stone material, with the quantity of sludge being even threefold greater than the volume of solid scraps. According to the circular economy principles, the aim should be to reduce the amount of waste generated by reducing primary resources in favour of secondary material. Reducing the volume of stone waste is possible through rational planning of stone production while at the same time maximising the efficiency of stone material usage and introducing the most modern processing machines. This significant volume of stone waste encourages efforts to find solutions for both its management and reduction. This paper reviews the utility potential of stone waste. Sensible use of waste is important to increase the profitability and productivity of processing plants while incentivising environmental protection.

Hierarchical fuzzy-AHP-based multi-criteria decision making approach for selection of underground metal mining method

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-420
Author(s):  
Bhanu Chander Balusa ◽  
Amit Kumar Gorai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
Metal Mining ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Ore Deposit ◽  
Mining Methods

In the last few decades, many underground mining methods were proposed for extractions of ores. The decision-making for selecting the most suitable mining method for a typical ore depost depnds on various intrinsic and extrinsic factors (intrinsic – dip, shape, thickness, depth, grade distribution, RMR (rock mass rating) and RSS (rock substance strength) of ore, hanging wall, footwall, and extrinsic – recovery, dilution, safety, productivity, flexibility, capital). The present study aims to develop a hierarchical Fuzzy-AHP (FAHP) model for choosing the most suitable underground mining method for an ore deposit. The structure of the proposed hierarchical FAHP model consists of five levels. The level-1 of the hierarchy defines two variables (intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors). These are further classified into quantitative or qualitative nature of variable (listed in level-2). The criteria, sub-criteria, and mining method variables are listed respectively in Level 3, Level 4, and Level 5. For each level of the hierarchy, a fuzzy pair-wise comparison matrices are developed using the corresponding levels’ listed variables. These matrices at each level are subsequently used to determine the local and global weights of each variable. The global weights are used for prioritizing the different mining methods. The proposed hierarchical FAHP model was validated by considering the field data of two different ore deposits in India. The results showed that the most appropriate mining method predicted from the decision-making model and the adopted mining method for extracting the ore deposit are same in two case studied mines.

New Сlassification of Ore Deposits Mining Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksym Kononenko ◽  
Oleh Khomenko ◽  
Denys Astafiev
Keyword(s):  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
The Way

The analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the existing classifications of mining method by the way of stoping space supporting in the course of extraction of ores is executed. The new classification of mining methods of ore deposits allowing to capture all range of the applied variants of systems for different mining-and-geological and mining conditions is developed. It is possible to formulate names of mining methods on proposed which allows to present a complex of the productions which are carried out during mining of production blocks.

Preparation of Homogeneous Aluminosr, Icate Gels by sol/gel Methods

1991 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Reese ◽  
A. V. Mccormick ◽  
J. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Time Increase ◽  
Gel Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Alkoxide Precursors ◽  
Aluminum Precursor ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTThe factors affecting the production of homogeneous aluminosilicate gels from alkoxide precursors were investigated. Aluminosilicate gels were made in acidic conditions with a prepolymerization of the silicate precursor followed by the addition of the alumina precursor.Confirming earlier studies, we found that the gel homogeneity is increased when the rate of gelation decreases. The reduction of the water content and/or the aluminum precursor, and more surprisingly the increase of the acid concentration contributed to the gel time increase and thus the gel homogeneity improvement.

Field Investigation of Influences of Load on Pile Top on Negative Skin Friction Behaviors

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 2138-2142
Author(s):  
Li Nong Xia ◽  
Yun Dong Miao ◽  
Shun Li ◽  
Xin Tong
Keyword(s):  
Skin Friction ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Neutral Point ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Skin Friction ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Site Test ◽  
Made In

In order to study influences of applied load on pile top on the negative skin friction behaviors of piles, field investigations of negative skin friction behaviors of three identical piles with different loads on pile top are made in the same site. Test results show that applied load on pile top affects negative skin friction behaviors evidently. Additional settlement of pile induced by negative skin friction becomes larger, negative skin friction induced by the settlement of soil surrounding the pile becomes smaller with the increase of load on pile top. Dragload induced by negative skin friction decreases and position of neutral point in pile moves up while applied load on pile top increases. While there is no applied load on pile top, additional settlement induced by negative skin friction is minimum, dragload induced by negative skin friction is maximum and the neutral point is the farthest from the top of piles. The field investigation results may be useful to the further research for negative skin friction behaviors of pile.

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