scholarly journals Identifying Linguistic Competence What Linguistic Competence Consists in

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Jesus Martinez del Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Self Reflection

<p>Linguistic competence, language, a language and speech acts constitute realities to be found in speaking. They all are nothing but aspects of the same reality, the activity of speaking created and executed by human subjects who are free and creative, absolute and contingent, transcendent and historical. Since speaking is something known by speakers even before the performance what linguistic competence is can only be guessed out through self-reflection and verification of it in the verbal behavior of speakers.</p>

scholarly journals Conceptions of Speech Acts in the Theory and Practice of Argumentation: A Case Study of a Debate About Advocating

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Communication Challenges

Abstract Far from being of interest only to argumentation theorists, conceptions of speech acts play an important role in practitioners’ self-reflection on their own activities. After a brief review of work by Houtlosser, Jackson and Kauffeld on the ways that speech acts provide normative frameworks for argumentative interactions, this essay examines an ongoing debate among scientists in natural resource fields as to the appropriateness of the speech act of advocating in policy settings. Scientists’ reflections on advocacy align well with current scholarship, and the scholarship in turn can provide a deeper understanding of how to manage the communication challenges scientists face.

scholarly journals TRANSLATOR’S PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE: A MODEL AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN UNIVERSITY TRAINING

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Oksana Babiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Interpersonal Competence ◽  
Competence Model ◽  
Strategic Competence ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
University Training

The article identifies the structure of translator’s professional competence, grounds its model and suggests the ways of its implementation. The following sub-competences necessary to be acquired by future translators have been identified and analyzed with the aim of providing best training: linguistic competence, intercultural competence, subject (thematic) competence, instrumental competence, psychophysiological competence, interpersonal competence, strategic competence, self-reflection competence. The role of the subject (thematic) competence for specialized translation is analyzed. The ways of the translator’s professional competence model implementation are highlighted.

Speaking (of) Faces

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-223
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Measure For Measure ◽  
The Face ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
The Individual

Measure for Measure is a play that reveals how bodily and affective language is entangled with anatomical understandings of muscles, gesture, and early modern psychology. The face was the primary map for the passions and the mobility of shifting affects, as well as the body’s primary social façade; its complex ability to register or to contain emotion is embedded in the languages of intersubjective interaction, a social geography of communication. This chapter explores how passionate expression is registered as somatic speech acts through readings of facial expression and in moments of disguise (veiling, muffling, substitution). The play stages how human desire flows between and among people, how it solicits and resists legal and political regulation, and how it operates invisibly both as a felt force for the individual subject and as an uncontainable force moving between human subjects.

Řečové akty omluvy u českých studentů v angličtině (L2): vybrané výsledky pilotáže

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-188
Author(s):  
Marie Vališová
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
University Students ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Shed Light

During the second half of the 20th century, there was a shift in focus in second language acquisition research from linguistic competence to communicative and pragmatic competence (Hymes, 1972; Canale & Swain, 1980; Canale, 1983; Bachman, 1990; Bachman & Palmer, 1996; Usó-Juan & Martínez-Flor, 2006). This resulted in a growing number of studies on speech acts in general. Motivated by a lack of studies on the speech acts of apology in conversations of Czech learners of English as a foreign language, my dissertation project aims to shed light on apology strategies used by Czech university students.

Verbal Behavior and Behavioral Contrast in Human Subjects

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Tarbox ◽  
Linda Parrott Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Contrast ◽  
Human Subjects

The intentional and the socio-cultural in language use

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Nuyts
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Recent Debate

This paper is a contribution to the recent debate between a number of anthropologists and philosophers concerning the role of intentions in a theory of verbal behavior. It reviews a number of arguments put forward by ethno- and anthro-polinguists against the intention-centered view of human behavior common in current cognitively oriented language research, and typically represented in John Searle's theory of intentionality and of speech acts. It is argued that these arguments do not affect the assumption that intentions are always and necessarily present in (verbal) behavior (they are based on a much too simplistic view of intentionality), but they do show that intentions as such are insufficient to understand (verbal) behavior. These matters are discussed against the background of Searle's theory of intentionality.

scholarly journals Etnocentrism and Critical Theory Two cases: United States and Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Stefan Gandler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Senior Faculty ◽  
Human Culture

How is it possible to understand a specific cultural determination of human praxis, especially the productive and consumptive one, without falling into ethnologising human subjects in their everyday forms of reproduction, or constructing biological fixations? The former senior faculty of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Bolívar Echeverría (Riobamba, Ecuador 1941 – Mexico City 2010), who does not limit human culture to its ‘elevated’ forms and bases his analysis in the precise manner of material reproduction, finds an adequate image of this relationship between freedom and tradition, between individuality and a historically- and geographically-determined collectivity. This image lies in human languages, their innumerable speech acts and in a science that studies the relation of interdependence among them: semiology.

Effective purpose in transnational humanitarian healthcare providers

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna J. Perry, PhD, RN
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Educational Preparation ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Making A Difference

Objective: To advance knowledge regarding the education and support needs of staff deployed to international settings from a US academic medical center (AMC).Design: A qualitative approach rooted in phenomenology called, Transcendental Method for Research with Human Subjects was used. A flexible interview guide was used to guide participants into self-reflection about the decision to participate in global healthcare, educational preparation, field experiences, and return.Setting: The study was conducted at a US AMC.Participants: Sample size was 15 and included nurses, physicians, and therapists who had participated in disaster and/or developmental humanitarian global health deployments. Purposive sampling with a maximum variation approach was used along with snowball sampling. Sample size was determined by reaching horizonal understanding of participants.Main outcome measures: The study sought to elicit and analyze responses from participants in an open-ended manner.Results: Analysis revealed the following seven themes: a) the yearning to relieve suffering, b) getting ready, c) making a difference, d) bad things happening to wonderful people, e) challenging and sustaining factors, f) dialectical alienation, and g) knowing what really matters. The concept of “effective purpose” emerged from interpretation of these themes.Conclusions: Most participants found their experiences to be beneficial and meaningful but faced challenges in the field. Knowledge and skills varied among providers. Education and support are critical for healthcare professionals who engage in transnational healthcare. Recommendations for staff preparation are provided.

The Phenomenology of Sigmund Freud

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick J. Wertz
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Phenomenological Theory ◽  
Relational Theory ◽  
Natural Attitude ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
Scientific Truth

AbstractThe convergences in approach between Freud's psychoanalysis and Husserl's phenomenology are elaborated. These include philosophical roots in Brentano's teachings; the primacy of direct observation over construction and theory; a conviction about the irreducibility of mentality to nature; the project of a "pure" psychology; the bracketing of theories, preconceptions, and the natural attitude; the necessity of self-reflection and empathy; a relational theory of meaning; receptivity to human subjects as teachers; and the methodological value of fiction for scientific truth. It is argued that divergences between psychoanalytic and phenomenological theory have obscured profound agreement in the approach, subject matter, and methods of these two schools of psychology.

Cognitive Neuroscience and Religious Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick McNamara ◽  
Magda Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personal Prayer ◽  
The Brain

Communication between deities and human beings rests on the use of language. Religious language has peculiarities such as the use of a formal voice, reductions in first-person and elevation of third-person pronoun use, archaistic elements, and an abundance of speech acts—features that reflect and facilitate the binding of the individual to conceived ultimate reality and value, decentering the Self while focusing on the deity. Explorations of the neurologic correlates of these cognitive and linguistic processes may be useful to identify constraints on neurocognitive models of religious language, and metaphor. The key brain regions that may mediate religious language include neural networks known to be involved in computational assessments of value, future-oriented simulations, Self-agency, Self-reflection, and attributing intentionality of goals to others. Studies indicate that some of the areas involved in those processes are active during personal prayer, whereas brain regions related to habit formation appear active during formal prayer. By examining religious language, and the brain areas engaged by it, we aim to develop more comprehensive neurocognitive models of religious cognition.

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