scholarly journals Economic Development and Sultan Zainul Abidin in Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Syed Damsaz Ali Andrabi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
The Political ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Asian People

Among all nations and races that have come into contact with Kashmir none of them has left everlasting impact on culture of the Valley as Central Asia. Contacts with Central Asia were developed long before the political domination of Muslims. The foundation of Shah Miri opened the floodgates for the infiltration of Persian and Central Asian people in Valley of Kashmir especially during the reign of Sultan Zainul Abidin. When he ascended the throne in (823.A.H./1420.A.D) the whole administrative machinery had collapsed due to the narrow policy of Sultan Sikandar and Sultan Ali Shah but he reconstructed it successfully. His assiduous work turned Valley of Kashmir into industrial garden. Many new arts and crafts were introduced in the Valley of Kashmir. By this way whole Valley was engulfed by peace and prosperity.

Central Asia in Context of Afghan Situation

2011 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
I. Labinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
The Political ◽  
Academic Council ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Republics

The session of IMEMO academic council in December 2010 discussed the problems of Central Asia in the context of the Afghan situation. In her keynote report D. Malysheva, doctor of political sciences, pointed at the increased attention to Central Asia by regional and international players. This is explained by the new and extremely worrying situation in neighboring Afghanistan. There is a prospect that NATO will lose the war in Afghanistan and that the coalition troops will be withdrawn from that country. In its turn, this generates a threat of Taliban’s return to power in this country. Thus, we cannot exclude the political upheavals in the Central Asian republics that will inevitably affect Russia's interests. The discussion highlighted Russia’s stable interest to Afghanistan both politically and economically.

scholarly journals DISCOVERING CENTRAL ASIA: THE PROSPECTS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE PATHS OF THE GREAT SILK ROAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Валерия Хетагурова ◽  
Valeriya Khetagurova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article considers the prospects of tourism development in five countries of Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. The author analyzes cultural, social and economic aspects of the tourism industry in the region. The main directions of activity of international organi-zations in the framework of tourism promotion programs are given. Central Asia has a huge potential for the tourism development. The study of the current state of tourism in Central Asia is becoming increasingly important. Tourism resources have every chance to become part of the national wealth of the countries of this region. In the group of factors determining socio-economic development of the countries in the region are natural resources, the level of production and investment, social infrastructure, management quality, international competitiveness, etc. The need for the regional development management system is conditioned by regionalization processes inherent to the current economic situation, oriented to ensuring positive national economic dynamics and maximum using the region’s potential. The studying problem of regional development makes it possible to justify, as one of the directions of its solution, the use of cluster technologies oriented to those branches of the economy that can become a vector of regional development. According to experts, the tourism industry is one of the most profitable sectors of the economy of the region. This industry covers numerous sectors of the economy and various links between them. The main tourist routes in the present time, covering many objects of the Great Silk Road, do not offer a more detailed study of the local historical, architectural and archaeological heritage. The lack of infrastructure facilities is the reason for this. This fact forces us to search solutions, which will provide a comfortable environment for both tourists and researchers. At present, the Central Asian countries occupy a very modest place in the world market of tourist services. According to many experts, the demand for sanatorium, tourist and excursion services has decreased due to the transition period, and the existing network of tourist institutions, boarding houses, rest homes needs reconstruction. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, tourism in the Central Asian republics began to develop independently, without common approaches and concepts. In many respects this is determined by the fact that the new states have chosen their own models of socio-economic development, different from each other. The different level of political freedoms, economic development features determine the current state of the tourism industry in various countries of Central Asia. The perspective of tourism development in this region is quite difficult, but an interesting task, necessary for familiarizing humanity with the most interesting culture of peoples inhabiting Central Asia and developing the economies of countries.

scholarly journals Some Information About The History Of The Formation Of Historical-Geographical Views About Central Asia In Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 250-253
Author(s):  
A.A.Erkuziev
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Political Economic

Central Asia has played an important role in the political, economic and cultural relations of different nations and countries since ancient times as one of the centers of the world civilization. The Great Silk Road, which passed through this region, brought together the countries on the trade routes, the peoples living in them, and served to spread information about their traditions, lifestyles, location, historical events. These data, in turn, brought different peoples closer and served as the basis for the establishment of mutual economic and cultural relationships between them. One of the important scientific issues here is the study of the spread of information about the Central Asian region, where most of the Great Silk Road passed, to Western Europe through other countries.

The “Imperial Minority”: An Interpretative Framework of the Russians in Kazakhstan in the 1990s

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Peyrouse
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Near Abroad ◽  
Political Scene ◽  
Central Asian Republics ◽  
Interpretative Framework

This paper is devoted to the Russian minorities living in Central Asia (nearly 10 million people in 1989, about 5.5 million today), and more specifically to the Russians living in Kazakhstan, who constitute the main Russian minority in the near abroad, apart from Ukraine. Unlike the Russians living in the other Central Asian republics, Russians in Kazakhstan created political parties. Kazakhstan even experienced some significant secessionist trends in the mid-1990s. Today, the political, social and economic situation of the Russian minority is rather different. Since about 2 million Russians have left the country, those who remain have tried to find their niche within the economic growth that Kazakhstan has experienced since the 2000s. The political parties and associations that represented the interests of the Russian minority have largely disappeared from the political scene. The “Russian question” no longer threatens to destabilize the territorial integrity of the country.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN CENTRAL ASIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF UZBEKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN)

2020 ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Atadjanova Sayyora Melisovna
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Asian People ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
New Industry

The article reveals the relevance of cooperation of Central Asia in the field of tourism during the years of independence, using the example of the Uzbek and Kazakh peoples. The rich historical, cultural and spiritual heritage of the Central Asian people, which has accumulated from ancient times to the present day. An interchange that can be traced back to the ancient Great Silk Road, which contributed to the enrichment of nationalities’ cultures, the establishment of diplomatic relations between states, the establishment and development of trade relations and the spiritual enrichment of peoples. And nowadays the invaluable heritage of the Central Asian peoples contributes to the establishment and development of a new industry - tourism in the period of independence, as historical, sanitary, sports, gastronomic as well. KEY WORDS: Tourism, culture, cooperation, World Tourism Organization, Tourism Fair Agreement.

scholarly journals Regional Economic Integration in Central Asia: Realities and Prospects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusup Pirimbaev ◽  
Dzhumabek Dzhailov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries

The analysis of the socio-economic development and the state of trade and economic relations in Central Asia. The features of economic development in Central Asian countries, conditional on the development of disintegration processes in the region. Substantiates the role, importance and the need to strengthen economic integration in the region. Determine the vector of development of trade-economic and investment cooperation between the Central Asian countries. Grounded perspective directions of economic integration and cooperation mechanisms. Perspective forms of cooperative development, integration links sharing the natural and economic potential of the region. Identified economic factors and conditions for balanced development of the economy of the region in the context of increasing globalization processes.

CENTRAL ASIA: THE BUMPY ROAD TOWARDS POLITICAL MATURITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg KARPOVICH
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries

Following the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the new Central Asian independent states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan replaced the Soviet republics of Central (Sredniaia) Asia and Kazakhstan. By the time they gained independence, these countries had already developed specific mechanisms of governance: The Communist Party and state structures had relied, to a great extent, on certain regional clan principles of decision-making inherited from their distant past. The new states immediately declared that they would strive to build Western-style political systems. They elected their presidents and parliaments, set up judicial systems, yet the political elites proved unable to realize the democratic standards of the West they supported in words. Over the course of three decades, heads of state, who dominated and still remain the dominant figures in their countries and are responsible for domestic and foreign policies have replaced each other without any real competition. None of the regional states can boast of competitive presidential elections. On the other hand, even though their political development may have external similarities, there are still numerous differences rooted in their very different past, cultures and mentalities. The regional clan division, swept under the carpet during the Soviet period, was revived as an important and highly influential feature. Kazakhstan was divided into zhuzes; Kyrgyzstan is in the midst of an ongoing regional confrontation between the South and the North; in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan regional clans have gradually gained a lot of political weight. This means that the leaders of all Central Asian countries had no choice but to take into account the interests of groups and clans and the ties between different tribes, which inevitably affected the principles of governance and choice of officials. The personal characteristics of leaders who came to power after the Soviet Union had left the stage and their interpretations of the ongoing processes played a huge role in regional developments, the relationships between the regional states, the regional balance of power and the political situation. Today, all the above-mentioned countries with the exception of Tajikistan, have elected new presidents either amid domestic political turmoil or through a power transit within the same group. This means that in all Central Asian countries presidential elections are not seen as an instrument of change of power but, rather, as an instrument of remaining in power. The complicated economic situation, the non-regional actors that put pressure on the local political elites and, recently, the COVID-19 pandemic, which intensified the social and economic problems, did nothing positive for the political and economic stability in Central Asia.

Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.20 Regional Refugee Regimes: Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhigulova Khalida
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Refugee Convention ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Refugee Law ◽  
Central Asian

This chapter reflects on refugee protection laws and practices in the political region of Central Asia, which includes five post-Soviet States. Four of them—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan—are parties to the Refugee Convention and its Protocol and have been at the crossroads of massive refugee movements since the 1990s. The fifth State, Uzbekistan, is not a party to either instrument. The chapter undertakes a comparative analysis of local legislation, refugee status determination procedures, and jurisprudence in asylum cases between 2010 and 2017, and draws on findings from fieldwork in Central Asian States in 2016–17. It advances two main arguments. The first argument is that refugee protection in the region is highly politicized and aligned with the self-interests of the States. The second argument is that, despite the lack of full compliance with refugee law in the region, over the past two decades, the ratification of the Refugee Convention and international pressure in landmark refugee cases and other efforts has led to noticeable improvements in refugee protection, and a reduction in refoulement in three States which care about their political image internationally (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan).

The Political Implications of Demographic and Industrial Developments in Soviet Central Asia*

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-52
Author(s):  
Michael Rywkin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Asian Society ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
British Research

Western studies of Russian or Soviet Central Asia originated in England, spearheaded by Anglo-Russian rivalry in the area in the second part of the nineteenth century. British research was dominant until after World War II, covering the field from classical academic study (Royal Central Asian Society) to current affairs (Col. Wheeler's Central Asian Research Center).

scholarly journals From Landlocked to Land-Linked? Central Asia’s Place in the Eurasian Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-209
Author(s):  
Richard Pomfret
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Financing Of Terrorism

AbstractThe Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), while primarily a security organisation, has always included economic and human baskets or dimensions. Currently, the Office of the Co-ordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental Activities operates in four main areas: (1) good governance and anti-corruption, (2) money laundering and financing of terrorism, (3) transport, trade and border-crossing facilitation, and (4) labour migration. This chapter addresses developments in Central Asia since the dissolution of the Soviet Union that are relevant to the third area of OSCE operations. The chapter’s focus is on the potential for the landlocked Central Asian countries to become land-linked, using improved transport connections between East Asia and Europe to promote economic development through export diversification and growth. Rail services across Central Asia improved considerably during the 2010s. They have been resilient, despite strained political relations between Russia and the EU since 2014, and rail traffic between Europe and China continued to increase in 2020 despite the shock of COVID-19. Further infrastructure improvements are promised under China’s Belt and Road Initiative. However, the expanded network has been little used by Central Asian producers to create new international trade, and the improved infrastructure represents a potential opportunity rather than a past benefit. If the Central Asian economies are successful in taking advantage of the opportunity, it will stimulate their trade across the Eurasian region and help economic diversification. The main determinant of success will be national policies and national economic development. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of multilateral institutions and, in particular, the prospects for OSCE collaboration with existing fora to promote cooperation and economic development in Central Asia.

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