scholarly journals Ator A Zan Adua (Christian Traditional Rulers) and Tiv Culture in the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Andrew Philips Adega ◽  
Daniel Terna Degarr ◽  
Myom Terkura
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cultural Imperialism ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Traditional Institution ◽  
Prompt Action ◽  
Secondary Methods

The chieftaincy and traditional rulership institution is dynamic and one of the most enduring legacies from traditional African societies. Until the coming of the colonialists, the traditional institution led by chiefs, emirs, obas, Ezes, etc performed legislative and judicial functions as well as political, religious, social and economic roles etc. The chieftaincy and traditional rulership institution among the Tiv was not organised in a systematic manner until the creation of the Tor Tiv stool in 1946. With several reformations, the chieftaincy institution has taken a definite stage in Tiv society. However, the problem of the study has to do with the fact that there has arisen in the Tiv chieftaincy scene; the ator a zan adua (Christian traditional rulers) who rather than protect and preserve Tiv cultural heritage are in the vanguard of the corrosion of a culture they had taken an oath to protect and preserve. If prompt action is not taken by the Tiv, their culture would soon disappear as these ator a zan adua have “churchmentised” and Christianised Tiv culture. As scholars of Tiv History, Religion and Culture, the researchers are alarmed at this cultural imperialism being perpetrated by Tiv traditional rulers. The study adopts the historical, descriptive and evaluative methods. In data collection, the primary and secondary methods have been adopted. In the primary source, oral interviews and the observation methods have been used; whereas in the secondary sources of data collection, documented sources from books, journal articles, newspapers and e-sources have been employed. The study established that by the orientation of ator a zan a dua as Christians, they are on the verge of completely supplanting Tiv culture with a foreign one. The study noted that culture gives an identity to a group of people and without it, they cannot be defined. In view of this challenge, the study made various suggestions as means of preserving and sustaining Tiv cultural heritage for generations yet unborn. One of these suggestions is that traditional rulers in Tiv be made to take their oath of office by Swem (the Tiv symbol of justice) so that when they renege on their oath, they would immediately bear the consequences (death by swollen stomach, limbs and severe headache). The study concluded that Tiv culture must not be sacrificed on the altar of Christianity by anybody not even the ator (traditional rulers).

scholarly journals Re-Examining the Publicity, Advertising and Marketing of Legal Profession in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 443-455
Author(s):  
Mohd Bahrin Bin Othman ◽  
Hariz Sufi ◽  
Faridah Binti Hussain ◽  
Sarah Munirah Binti Abdullah ◽  
Kemala Binti Alang
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Communication And Technology ◽  
Online Sources

The legal practitioners in Malaysia are restricted from publicising, advertising and marketing themselves on the grounds of fiduciary relationship with clients, the duty to serve the public and it is professionally undignified. Despite the advancement of the Information, Communication and Technology, lawyers are restricted in utilising it for publicity, advertising and marketing. At the same time, the public is deprived of information to engage the best lawyers of their choice. Furthermore, while other countries such as European Union, United Kingdom, Singapore and Australia have moved forward, the Malaysian legal profession remains unchanged. This concept paper investigates the adequacy of the Legal Profession (Publicity) Rules 2001(“LPPR 2001”) in legalising publicity, advertising and marketing. This paper adopts a qualitative research methodology with doctrinal and comparative approaches. Firstly, this paper focuses on content analysis of statutes as the primary source of law. Secondly, content analysis on secondary sources of law including journal articles, and online sources. Thirdly, conducting a comparative study by analysing the primary and secondary sources of law in other jurisdictions. This paper explains that lawyers must be allowed to innovate into new methods in publicising, advertising and marketing themselves. Society will greatly benefit from this as they will be more informed and knowledgeable in engaging the service of lawyers of their choice. This paper ends by suggesting that there is a dire need to legalise the publicity, advertising and marketing of the legal profession in Malaysia. Thus, this research is significant to the development of the legal profession in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Jihad Dalam Kitab Al-Qur’an Al-‘Adzim Karya Ibnu Katsir

Wardah ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Abdur Razzaq ◽  
Jaka Perkasa
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Correlative Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the method of interpreting the verses of jihad carried out by Ibn Kathir in his book-Al-Qur’an Al-‘Adzim ’. The method used is to use a library study approach (libary research), by collecting qualitative data. two sources; primary and secondary. The primary source of the researcher is Al-'Azhim's Qur'anic Interpretation by Ibn Kathir, while secondary sources are obtained from books, journals, magazines and other sources whose uses are to enrich the material and as a comparison of primary sources . The data collection technique is to use documentation that is collecting various library books that have relevance to the title of this research, then analyzed by correlative analysis methods and descriptive relevance. The findings of this study are verses of jihad which are interpreted by Ibn Kathir tend to interpret jihad in the Qur'an as a war against the enemy to defend Islam. Conclusions about the importance of jihad and its privileges in Islam with concepts that are in accordance with Islamic sharia and in line with those outlined by the Qur'an and also explained by the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad even though they do not cover in depth the language rules or derivatives of the word jihad in the Qur'an and does not discuss the issue of jihad in the realm of jurisprudence. Keyworld: Verse of jihad, Ibnu Katsir

An Assessment of Hygiene Maintenance Factors Effect on Employees’ Productivity in Nigerian Telecommunication Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Ann Ogbo ◽  
Kifordu Anyibuofu Anthony ◽  
Okagu Kosisochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Telecommunication Industry ◽  
Mobile Telecommunication ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Maintenance Factors ◽  
Geographical Scope ◽  
Survey Approach

The study aimed at establishing an assessment of hygiene maintenance factors effects on employees’productivity. The hygiene/maintenance factors play vital role in employees’ productivity. They do not motivate employee in organization, yet they must be present or dissatisfaction will arise. . The study is aimed to pursue the following objectives: To determine the extent to which working conditions improve the performance of employees, to ascertain the effect of interpersonal relations within the organization on firms’ profitability and to assesthe extent to whichcompensation improve the performance of employees.The study was conducted using the survey approach. The geographical scope of the study was Mobile telecommunication network (MTN), located within Enugu metropolis. Two sources of data were utilized in the study: they included primary and secondary sources. The primary source wasthrough the administration of copies of designed questionnaire to a total of forty one respondents that made up the sample size for the study.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Initial Growth of Different Poplar Clones on Four Sites in Western Slovakia—Preliminary Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Heilig ◽  
Bálint Heil ◽  
Christoph Leibing ◽  
Heinz Röhle ◽  
Gábor Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Short Rotation

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate four hybrid poplar comparison tests along a groundwater availability gradient in Western Slovakia. The weather fluctuation during the 3-year study period was described with indices, such as the Forestry Aridity Index (FAI) or the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). The soil chemical and physical parameters were determined from soil samples from the two upper horizons. The nutrient status and supply of the trees were categorized based on leaf elemental analysis. Altogether, 21 different clones from 6 genomic groups were compared. The survival (SRV), diameter at breast height (DBH), and height of the trees (H) had been measured annually since the plantations were established, and from these measurements, mean annual height increment (MAHI) values were derived. These weather, edaphic, and clonal factors were evaluated and compared. Significant effects of the site (edaphic factors) were found as the primary source of variance and clonal differences as secondary sources of variance among the growth of trees. The interaction of site × clone effects was not significant. The results showed that for short rotation forestry (SRF), the site parameters—especially groundwater availability—are key factors.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

The Savvy Academic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth J. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Scholarly Publishing ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Writing For Publication ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Publishing Career ◽  
Data Analytic

This book covers the process of writing for publication from start to finish—from selecting a topic and reviewing literature to working with coauthors, writing theoretical and review articles, and responding to editor and reviewer comments when revising manuscripts. Dr. Schwartz uses examples from his own scholarly publishing career and provides concrete advice for both early-career and more experienced writers. The book also covers important topics such as planning studies, managing and supervising data collection, retaining participants in longitudinal studies, data analytic ethics and conflicts of interest, and dealing with writer’s block. Dr. Schwartz provides guidance for writing journal articles, books, and book chapters, as well as for dealing with manuscripts that have been repeatedly rejected. He offers guidance for writing first drafts, editing drafts, incorporating coauthor feedback, and working with difficult or resistant coauthors. This book is a “how-to” in terms of writing for publication.

Using Sources In History Teaching

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Seema S.Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
The World ◽  
Source Materials

History is constructed by people who study the past. It is created through working on both primary and secondary sources that historians use to learn about people, events, and everyday life in the past. Just like detectives, historians look at clues, sift through evidence, and make their own interpretations. Historical knowledge is, therefore, the outcome of a process of enquiry. During last century, the teaching of history has changed considerably. The use of sources, viz. textual, visual, and oral, in school classrooms in many parts of the world has already become an essential part of teaching history. However, in India, it is only a recent phenomenon. Introducing students to primary sources and making them a regular part of classroom lessons help students develop critical thinking and deductive reasoning skills. These will be useful throughout their lives. This paper highlights the benefits of using primary source materials in a history classroom and provides the teacher, with practical suggestions and examples of how to do this.

scholarly journals Organizational Structure and Financial Resource Management of Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S3) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Financial Resource ◽  
State University ◽  
Institutional Policies ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
University Finance

Organizational structure refers to the established pattern of relationship among the parts of an organization. Financial management is directly concerned with finance of any organization. For achieving the organizational goals of a university finance is an integral part of management which depends on great deals of institutional policies. The sample of this study comprises of two universities i.e. Gauhati University as state university and Tezpur University as central university. Secondary sources were used as tools for data collection. The result derived indicated that there was a difference between state and central university regarding organizational structure and financial resource management.

scholarly journals Techniques of Translating Interjection in the Novel “Looking For Alaska” in Terms of Functions, Meanings, and Categories

E-Structural ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Muhammad Izzul Wahid ◽  
Achmad Basari
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The objective of this research is to find out the functions, meanings, and categories of interjections, and the translation technique practiced by the Indonesian translator to translate English interjection found in the novel Looking for Alaska or Mencari Alaska in Indonesian. This research is adopting a descriptive qualitative, with the novel of Looking for Alaska and Mencari Alaska as the primary source of the data. Since the data collection of interjections is found in the book, it can be classified as content analysis. The researchers found out that there are six translation techniques used by the translators to translate interjections, six kinds of interjections in terms of functions and meanings, and three kinds of interjections in terms of categories found in the novel. Those six translation techniques are 164 interjections (41,21%) for literal translation technique, 49 interjections (12,31%) for translation by using an interjection with similar meaning and form technique, 61 interjection (15,33%) for translation by using an interjection with different forms, but the same meaning, 11 interjections (2,76%) for partly deleted omission technique, 9 interjections (2,26%) for total deleted omission technique, 8 interjections (2,01%) for addition technique, 58 interjections (10,80%) for pure borrowing technique, and 53 interjections (13,32%) for naturalized borrowing technique. From the research finding of the interjection regarding functions and meanings, there is a total of 419 types of English interjections where the researchers divided into six classes. Those types of function are: 5 (1,19%) data of interjection are used to greet, 35 (8,35%) data of interjection are used to express joy, 57 (13,37%) data of interjection are used to get attention, 169 (40,33) data of interjection are used to express approval, 120 (28,64%) data of interjection are used to express a surprise, and 34 (8,11) data of interjection used to express sorrow. Then from the research finding of interjection regarding category, there is a total of 419 data of English interjections where the researchers divided into three classes, those classes are 72 (17,18%) data of primary interjection, 336 (80,19%) data of secondary, and 11 (2,63%) data of onomatopoeic interjection. The findings of this study show that the translation techniques mostly used by the translators to translate an English interjection is translation by literal translation and translation by borrowing technique. In contrast, the least used translation technique is the addition technique that the translators rarely used it to translate the interjection.Keywords: Interjection, Interjection Translation, Looking for Alaska, Mencari Alaska, Translation Technique.

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