Lexical Analysis of Arabic Near-Synonyms in the Holy Qur'an: A Case Study ofسنةsanah and عام‘aam

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Linda S Al-Abbas ◽  
Rajai Khanji
Keyword(s):  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Near Synonyms ◽  
Different Cultures

Translation is a process that enables communication between different cultures and breaks barriers between languages. Synonymy is equivalence of sense (Griffiths, 2006). It refers to words that mean the same or show semantic resemblance to one another. Words in synonymous pairs can replace each other in sentences with no change of the literal meaning, and therefore, the substitutability test is used to determine whether or not words are synonyms. Translators face many problems in conveying the intended semantic message and finding the exact lexical equivalents in the target language, in addition to the cultural aspects that they need to overcome in the source language. The present study is an attempt to explore the strategies used by different Qur'an translators in rendering an Arabic synonymous pair, namely سنةsanah and عام ‘aam (year) into English, and to find out which translations could be more proper than others. The findings proved that some Qur'anic terms are untranslatable, and choosing an accurate equivalent in the target language is not possible because of the differences in the lexical items available in each language. This study concludes that the Holy Qur'an has distinctive aspects that cannot be delivered in other languages and it impresses the readers with the deep and expressive terms that were used for certain purposes. 

scholarly journals Cinematic Equivalence in Subtitling: A Case Study of the Biographical Drama Forever Enthralled

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Kenny Wang ◽  
Chong Han
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Dynamic Equivalence ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Cinematic Experience ◽  
Biographical Film ◽  
Point Of Departure

We propose in this paper a conceptual model of how equivalence may be achieved in subtitling to allow the target language viewers the opportunity to enjoy a comparable cinematic experience as that enjoyed by the source language viewers. We follow Brock’s (2015) adaptation of Goffman’s (1981) participation framework in communication and take Nida’s (1964) Dynamic Equivalence as the point of departure to propose Cinematic Equivalence as the conceptual model as well as the aim of film subtitling. This model is illustrated by examining the English subtitles of a Chinese biographical film called Forever Enthralled (?????). Based on our conceptual model, we make suggestions for subtitling training and practice.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATING CULTURE-SPECIFIC TERMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
B. Mizamkhan ◽  
◽  
T. Kalibekuly ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Cultural Connotations ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

The term “culture-specific vocabulary” appeared in the 1980s. Problems of translating culture-specific terms from one language to another have always been a serious issue for translators. It causes even more problems if the languages being compared belong to different language groups and represent different cultures. Nevertheless, the study of culture-specific vocabulary helps to achieve the adequacy of translation, which in turn helps speakers of different languages ​​and cultures to achieve mutual understanding. The above emphasizes the relevance and timeliness of the study of translation from the point of view of cultural linguistics. This paper will examine the peculiarities of translating culture-specific terms from Kazakh into English. It provides different methods of translating cultural connotations, taking into account the ways of living and thinking, as well the historical and cultural backgrounds embedded in the source language (hereafter SL) and target language (hereafter TL). These methods will be analyzed using specific examples, originals and translations of such works as “The Path of Abai” by Mukhtar Auezov and “Nomads” by Ilyas Yessenberlin. Therefore, the main aim of the paper is to try to explain main approaches and theories needed for adequate understanding of different cultures through translation.

scholarly journals La traducción de los aspectos interculturales en el aula de ELE con alumnos polacos de nivel inicial

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Verónica Del Valle Cacela
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
University Studies

Translation encompasses a complex activity in which we must transfer ideas from a source language to a target language, so that knowledge of the environment surrounding the working languages becomes a necessary competence to carry out the translation activity. Within this knowledge, we must necessarily include the cultural aspects of a language, either from an intercultural or an intracultural perspective. For the purpose of this article, we will focus on how intercultural elements can be developed in the classroom of Spanish as a foreign language. In order to accomplish our aim, we will expose based on empirical analysis the introduction of sociocultural items in university studies with beginners learners (A1-A2) and the result obtained, knowing that the primary objective of this curriculum is to prepare students to be translators or interpreters.

scholarly journals CATEGORY SHIFTS IN TRANSLATION: A CASE STUDY ON THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH COMPLEX NOUN PHRASES INTO INDONESIAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Darso Donatus
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims at identifying the types of category shifts and explaining their occurrence in the translation of complex noun phrases from English into Indonesian in The Valley of Fear Novel. The data were collected using observation method which was supported by implementing note taking technique in order to find out, identify, and classify the data. The data were analyzed by applying the qualitative descriptive method. The theory applied in this study is the theory of translation proposed by Catford (1965) to identify the types of category shifts found and to explain their occurrence. The result shows that all types of category shifts proposed by Catford (1965) such as structure shift, class shift, intra-system shift, and unit shift are found in the translation. Structure shift occurs in the highest frequency of 339 cases or about 66,86% out of total 507 cases, class shift occurs 75 cases or 14,79 % out of total 507 cases, and intra-system shift occurs 48 cases or 9,46 % out of total 507 cases, and unit shift occurs 45 cases or 8,87 % out of total 507 cases. The occurrence of category shift is caused by the different characteristics of source language and target language.

scholarly journals Manusia Gaib as The Translation of Invisible Man: Linguistic and Cultural Errors in Translating English Novel

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulieda Hermaniar
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Cultural Issue ◽  
Invisible Man ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
Linguistic Aspect ◽  
Language Text

This study is aimed to describe the errors in linguistic and cultural aspect when Yuliani Liputo and Eva Y. Nukman translate Invisible Man into Manusia Gaib. Paragraphs that consist of errors in linguistic and cultural are taken and analyzed to gather the data. In collecting the data, the writer uses library research. It is conducted by collecting data from materials related to literature of the problem. There are 11 data that need to be observed by the writer. The writer compares the source language text and the target language text and gives her analysis about what errors occur and also the suggested translation for the errors. The data which have been observed by the writer show the errors that have been classified: (1) Linguistic; syntactical, morphological, and semantic. (2) Cultural errors; socio-culture. The data which have been observed by the writer show that the translator made errors in linguistic and cultural aspect. In translating the novel, the translator does not pay attention to linguistic and cultural aspects in the novel. Based on the data which have been analyzed, the writer found that in translating a novel, a translator needs to learn not only about all types of translation, but also the linguistic and cultural issues in the novel. In linguistic aspect, a translation should realize the differences between the source language and target language, pay attention to modifier, and classification of word. In cultural aspect, a translation should be aware of cultural issue in the novel

scholarly journals THE TRANSLATION ACCEPTABILITY OF COMPLAIN RESPONDING TURN IN SHOPAHOLIC TO THE RESCUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Setia Adi Nugraha ◽  
Mangatur Nababan ◽  
Djatmika Djatmika
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Embedded Case Study

The purpose of this research was to know the translations techniques, the accuracy as well as the acceptability of the translations. It was a descriptive-qualitative research with an embedded case study by using pragmatics approach. This research was done by listing the conversations between characters in the Shopaholic to the Rescue novel which contains turns that respond to complaining speech act. Here, the source language and target language were compared to identify the translation techniques. Then, the researcher and the raters assessed the acceptability of the translations by conducting Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The result showed that there are 14 techniques used by the translator, such as established equivalent, variation, pure borrowing, modulation, explicitation, implicitation, addition, transposition, reduction, linguistic compression, literal, generalization, discursive creation, and linguistic amplification. Moreover, the average rate of the acceptability is 2.94 out of 3 which means it is prevalent, in line with the norm as well as the rule of the target language.

scholarly journals The Translatability of Interjections: A Case Study of Arabic-English Subtitling

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmad Thawabteh
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
State Security ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Audiovisual Translation

This paper examines the translatability of Arabic interjections into English subtitling, illustrated with a subtitled Egyptian film, State Security subtitled by Arab Radio and Television (ART). Theoretical framework regarding both Audiovisual Translation (AVT) and interjections is first discussed. The significance of interjections is approached from the perspective of technical and translation paradigms. The study shows that although technical issues limit the subtitler’s choices, they have very little to do with translating interjections because they are typically short words. With regard to translation, the study shows that the subtitler may opt for three major translation strategies: 1) an avoidance of source language (SL) interjection whereby a SL interjectional utterance is translated into a target language (TL) interjection-free utterance; 2) a retention of SL interjection in which SL interjection is rendered into a TL interjection; and 3) an addition of interjection whereby SL interjection-free utterance is translated into a TL interjection.

scholarly journals A Case Study on the Translation of Metaphors in Red Sorghum

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Leyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Optimal Relevance ◽  
Chinese And English

Mo Yan’s novel Red Sorghum is well known for its creative and initiative usage of metaphors. When it is translated into English, the translator has to evaluate the cultural differences between Chinese and English. The current study takes the translation of metaphors in Red Sorghum as an example to illustrate how cultural elements influence translation. The representative examples selected hereby were analyzed on the basis of the Relevance Theory and at the same time different cultural elements were taken into account to provide solid evidence. This essay proposes that translations of metaphors in Red Sorghum can be divided into four types: from metaphor to simile, from metaphor to metaphor with the tenor and vehicle unchanged, replacing the vehicle, deleting the vehicle. In order to facilitate target readers’s inferential process and help them establish the optimal relevance, the translator has to deliberate the disparities of the cultures in the source language and target language and then demonstrate the appropriate ostensive stimuli. No matter what measures the translator takes, it can not be sepearated from the corresponding cultural elements.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH TASKS INTO INDONESIAN THROUGH ONLINE MACHINE TRANSLATION PROGRAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Emzir Emzir ◽  
Ninuk Lustyantie ◽  
Akbar Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Doctoral Program ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Target Language ◽  
State University ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Different Cultures

The objective of this research is to obtain a deep understanding about the online machine translation of graduate students in the Language Education Doctoral Program of State University of Jakarta, Indonesia, from source language to target language in order to achieve equivalence in the subject of Language Translation and Education. The approach used is qualitative approach with ethnography method. The translation process is conducted by writing down words or copying-pasting sentences to be translated and then those words/sentences will be automatically translated by machine translation. A repetitive edit, revision and correction process shall be first performed in order to get an optimum result i.e. translated sentences are equal in textual and meanings. The deviations occur due to inaccurate equivalents caused by different cultures between the source language and target language as well as the scope of translated language scientific field. The used strategy is a literal translation. Based on the research results, the translation of English tasks to Indonesian through the online translation program is very useful to facilitate the students’ lecturing process in completing their tasks.

scholarly journals English Conceptual Discourse Patterns into Azeri-Turkish: A Case Study of Animal Farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Esmail Faghih ◽  
Roya Moghiti
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Discourse Patterns ◽  
Animal Farm

Discourse includes both structural and conceptual patterns.  Most of these patterns are different in various languages.  A conceptual pattern in source language can be realized in different ways in a target language.  Therefore, the translator should be aware of this kind of differences between SL and TL conceptual patterns, because rendering these patterns from the source text into the target one can be problematic and their inaccurate transfer may lead to a flawed translation.  This descriptive study aimed to investigate the conceptual discourse patterns and related ideologies in a novel entitled Animal Farm and as the same realizing the conceptual patterns in its translation into Azeri-Turkish.  Accordingly, the researchers selected and analyzed the samples based on Fairclough’s approach (2001) to CDA.  The findings indicated that the translators’ ideological and socio-cultural norms affect their translation strategies and lexical and grammatical choices and this in turn influences their success to recognize and transmit the ST implicit ideologies into TT. Keywords:  Conceptual Discourse Patterns, English, Azeri-Turkish  

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