scholarly journals Spatial and Multivariate Analysis of Soybean Yield in the State of Paraná-Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Denise Maria Grzegozewski ◽  
Elizabeth Giron Cima ◽  
Miguel Angel Uribe-Opazo ◽  
Luciana Pagliosa Carvalho Guedes ◽  
Jerry Adriani Johann
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
The State ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
P Value ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Critical Phases

In this work, the aim was to evaluate the existence of spatial association of the municipal average official soybean yield (t ha-1) with agrometeorological data and vegetation indices. The information was observed by ten-day periods, in crop years 2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 in the State of Paraná. Local univariate spatial correlation (LISA index), as well as global bivariate correlation (L statistics) were calculated. With this study, we identified neighboring municipalities with high yield in the West as well as municipalities that are located with low-low yield Northwestern, showing positive spatial autocorrelation (IMG=1), significative (p-value < 0.05). In addition, there were differences between seeding times in different regions, and climate irregularity during flowering periods and grain filling in crop year 2011/2012 throughout the state, which caused a large drop in production in all municipalities of the state of Paraná. The analysis of local spatial association showed that in the three crop years, the Northwest region presented a significant low yield potential of soybean (p-value < 0.05). In addition, it was observed that the period from the 3rd ten-day period of October to the 2nd ten-day period of January was essential for the soybean cycle in the different regions of the state, since this period encompasses the critical phases of crop. Differences were also observed between the crop years studied, regarding the agrometeorological variables, which affected soybean yield mainly in the Western region of Paraná – Brazil.

scholarly journals Responses of Branch Number and Yield Component of Soybean Cultivars Tested in Different Planting Densities

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Cailong Xu ◽  
Ruidong Li ◽  
Wenwen Song ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Pod Number

Increasing planting density is one of the key management practices to enhance soybean yield. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 including six planting densities and two soybean cultivars to determine the effects of planting density on branch number and yield, and analyze the contribution of branches to yield. The yield of ZZXA12938 was 4389 kg ha−1, which was significantly higher than that of ZH13 (+22.4%). In combination with planting year and cultivar, the soybean yield increased significantly by 16.2%, 31.4%, 41.4%, and 46.7% for every increase in density of 45,000 plants ha−1. Yield will not increase when planting density exceeds 315,000 plants ha−1. A correlation analysis showed that pod number per plant increased with the increased branch number, while pod number per unit area decreased; thus, soybean yield decreased. With the increase of branch number, the branch contribution to yield increased first, and then plateaued. ZH13 could produce a high yield under a lower planting density due to more branches, while ZZXA12938 had a higher yield potential under a higher planting density due to the smaller branch number and higher tolerance to close planting. Therefore, seed yield can be increased by selecting cultivars with a little branching capacity under moderately close planting.

Traits associated with high yield in barley in low-rainfall environments

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Acevedo ◽  
P. Q. Craufurd ◽  
R. B. Austin ◽  
P. Pérez-Marco
Keyword(s):  
Plant Traits ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Tall Stature ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Grain Filling Period

SUMMARYResults are reported from nine field trials carried out in 1985/86 and 1986/87 aimed at identifying plant traits which are associated with high yield in barley in low-rainfall Mediterranean areas. Thirtyseven two-rowed and 35 six-rowed genotypes, representing the known diversity in traits considered to be useful, were compared in trials at three sites differing in expected annual rainfall (212–328 mm) in northern Syria, and in droughted and irrigated trials at Cambridge, UK. Yield, its components and other morphological and developmental traits were measured and correlations calculated.Grain yields of the two- and six-rowed groups of genotypes were similar at all sites except in the irrigated trial in Cambridge, where the six-rowed genotypes gave the highest yield. Aside from the known difference in number of ears and number of grains/ear between two- and six-rowed genotypes, the simple correlations between grain yield and measured traits suggested that important traits for high yield in two- and six-rowed genotypes in dry environments were prostrate habit, vigorous seedling growth, good ground cover, early ear emergence, many ears/m2 and large grains. In the two-rowed genotypes, short stature and a short grain-filling period were also important, while in the six-rowed genotypes, tall stature, high straw yield, many grains/ear and long peduncles were important. Correlations of these characters with an index of drought susceptibility and with yield adjusted for yield potential and date of ear emergence supported the conclusions based on the simple correlations.The physiological basis of the correlated traits is discussed and the implications for breeding are considered.

scholarly journals THE FORMATION OF NITROGEN-FIXING ROOT NODULES BУ SOYBEAN PLANTS UNDER THE USE OF POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES, PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR AND MІCROFERTILIZER

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
R. A. Gutyanskyi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
High Yield Potential

The formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules, plant mass and soybean yield under the use of post-emergence herbicides and their combinations with plant growth regulator Athonic Plus and mіcrofertilizer Nanomix was studied. It was established that application of tank mixtures of post-emergence herbicides had led to the reduction of number and mass of nitrogenfixing nodules on the roots of soybean plants. Application of the Athonic Plus and Nanomix preparations, on the contrary, had promoted studied indices. The maximum soybean yield was observed in the variants with tank mixtures of herbicides Nabob + Fabіan + Mіura and Nabob + Fusillade Forte 150 EC. Combination of Athonic Plus and Nanomix preparations with post-emergence herbicides had resulted in the reduction of the herbicides efficiency against weeds, which had prevented to unleash high yield potential of the crop.

scholarly journals Heritability Analysis of Local Corn Cultivars from Kisar Island Southwest Maluku After Induced with Colchicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Hermalina Sinay ◽  
Jonetha Tanrobak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Category ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Heritability Analysis

In the plant breeding program, selection is one process which aimed to obtain some varieties with superior traits. Within this process, one of criteria that must be consider is the wide genetic diversity of the plant which was selected, and how these traits are inherited. The purpose of this research was to determine (1) the influence of cultivar differences and the colchicine concentration towards the growth and production of local corn cultivar from Kisar Island Maluku, (2) to determine the heritability of growth and production variables after induced with colchicine. Completely randomized block design  was used in this research with factorial design that consist of two factors i.e corn cultivar and colchicine concentration. The research procedure starts from field and seed preparation, immersion of seed into the colchicine solution, transplantation of seed into the field, plant maintenance, and  harvesting. The variable measured including growth and production variables of corn. The analysis of variance showed a significant effect of cultivar differences on all growth and production variables (p value > 0.05), while colchicine concentration only showed a significant effect toward the plant height and number of seed per ear.  The heritability analysis result showed that all variables observed were in high category. The different corn cultivars have a significant effect on all the growth and production, while the colchicine concentration only affect the plant height and number of seed per ear, and the heritability were in high category.  This research provides useful information to farmers how to use colchicine to trigger plant growth and production. It can be used as an information in selecting corn cultivars with high yield potential.

scholarly journals Soybean yield in future climate scenarios for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jossana Ceolin Cera ◽  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Cesar Augusto Jarutais Fensterseifer ◽  
Simone Erotildes Teleginski Ferraz ◽  
Kelin Pribs Bexaira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Sowing Dates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the yield potential and the water-limited yield of soybean (Glycine max) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in two future climate scenarios, SRES A1B and RCP4.5, using the SoySim and Cropgro-Soybean simulation models. In both models, three maturity groups (4.8, 5.5, and 6.0) and six sowing dates (09/01, 10/01, 11/01, 12/01, 01/01, and 02/01) were considered in the SRES A1B-CMIP3 and RCP4.5-CMIP5 scenarios. The analyzed variable was grain yield at 13% moisture (Mg ha-1). Soybean yield potential in Rio Grande do Sul should increase up to the end of the 21st century, according to both scenarios. Water-limited yield of soybean also increases up to the end of the 21st century, by the SRES A1B-CMIP3 scenario; however, it will decrease in future periods, by the RCP4.5-CMIP5 scenario because of limited soil water.

scholarly journals Auxin-Mediated Regulation of Dorsal Vascular Cell Development May Be Responsible for Sucrose Phloem Unloading in Large Panicle Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Deng ◽  
Yongchao Yu ◽  
Yuxiang Hu ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Phloem Unloading ◽  
Vascular Cell ◽  
Expression Levels

Large panicle rice cultivars often fail to fulfill their high-yield potential due to the poor grain filling of inferior spikelets (IS), which appears as initially stagnant development and low final seed weight. Understanding the mechanism of the initial stagnancy is important to improve IS grain filling. In this study, superior spikelets (SS) were removed from two homozygous japonica rice varieties (W1844 and CJ03) with the same sink capacity in an attempt to force photosynthate transport to the IS. The results showed that SS removal increased the grain weight, sucrose content, starch accumulation, and endogenous IAA levels of IS during the initial grain-filling stage. SS removal also improved the patterns of vascular cells in the dorsal pericarp and the expression levels of genes involved in sucrose transport (OsSUTs and OsSWEETs) and IAA metabolism (OsYUCs and OsPINs). Exogenous IAA application advanced the initiation of grain filling by increasing the sucrose content and the gene expression levels of sucrose transporters. These results indicate that auxin may act like a signal substance and play a vital role in initial grain filling by regulating dorsal vascular cell development and sucrose phloem unloading into caryopsis.

Penilaian Prestasi Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Varieti Padi Terpilih di Seberang Perai

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsul Amri Saidon ◽  
Shajarutulwardah Mohd. Yusob ◽  
Allicia Jack ◽  
Mohd. Fitri Masarrudin ◽  
Zainudin P. M. D. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf Width ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
High Yield Potential

The research was conducted at MARDI Seberang Perai research plot during main-season 2011/2012 and off-season 2012. Varieties such as MR 272, MR 278, MR 283 and MR 284 showed high yield potential as compared to the control varieties namely MR 211, MR 219, MR 253 and MR 263. According to correlation analysis, traits such as flag leaf width (r = 0.36, p = 0.01), percentage filled grain (r = 0.43, p = 0.002) and spikelets number/panicle (r = -0.43, p = 0.002) showed association toward yield potential. As a result, high rate of photosynthesis is depend to high leaf surface area. In addition, low number of spikelets /panicle can enhance the grain filling. 

scholarly journals Genetic Yield Gains and Changes in Morphophysiological-Related Traits of Winter Wheat in Southern Chilean High-Yielding Environments

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro del Pozo ◽  
Claudio Jobet ◽  
Iván Matus ◽  
Ana María Méndez-Espinoza ◽  
Miguel Garriga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Stay Green

Both the temperate-humid zone and the southern part of the Mediterranean climate region of Chile are characterized by high wheat productivity. Study objectives were to analyze the yield potential, yield progress, and genetic progress of the winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and changes in agronomic and morphophysiological traits during the past 60 years. Thus, two field experiments: (a) yield potential and (b) yield genetic progress trials were conducted in high-yielding environments of central-southern Chile during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. In addition, yield progress was analyzed using yield historical data of a high-yielding environment from 1957 to 2017. Potential yield trials showed that, at the most favorable sites, grain yield reached ∼20.46 Mg ha–1. The prolonged growing and grain filling period, mild temperatures in December-January, ample water availability, and favorable soil conditions explain this high-potential yield. Yield progress analysis indicated that average grain yield increased from 2.70 Mg ha–1 in 1959 to 12.90 Mg ha–1 in 2017, with a 128.8 kg ha–1 per-year increase due to favorable soil and climatic conditions. For genetic progress trials, genetic gain in grain yield from 1965 to 2019 was 70.20 kg ha–1 (0.49%) per year, representing around 55% of the yield progress. Results revealed that the genetic gains in grain yield were related to increases in biomass partitioning toward reproductive organs, without significant increases in Shoot DW production. In addition, reducing trends in the NDVI, the fraction of intercepted PAR, the intercepted PAR (form emergence to heading), and the RGB-derived vegetation indices with the year of cultivar release were detected. These decreases could be due to the erectophile leaf habit, which enhanced photosynthetic activity, and thus grain yield increased. Also, senescence of bottom canopy leaves (starting from booting) could be involved by decreasing the ability of spectral and RGB-derived vegetation indices to capture the characteristics of green biomass after the booting stage. Contrary, a positive correlation was detected for intercepted PAR from heading to maturity, which could be due to a stay-green mechanism, supported by the trend of positive correlations of Chlorophyll content with the year of cultivar release.

scholarly journals An assessment of wheat yield sensitivity and breeding gains in hot environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1752) ◽  
pp. 20122190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Gourdji ◽  
Ky L. Mathews ◽  
Matthew Reynolds ◽  
José Crossa ◽  
David B. Lobell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Yield Trial ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Over Time

Genetic improvements in heat tolerance of wheat provide a potential adaptation response to long-term warming trends, and may also boost yields in wheat-growing areas already subject to heat stress. Yet there have been few assessments of recent progress in breeding wheat for hot environments. Here, data from 25 years of wheat trials in 76 countries from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) are used to empirically model the response of wheat to environmental variation and assess the genetic gains over time in different environments and for different breeding strategies. Wheat yields exhibited the most sensitivity to warming during the grain-filling stage, typically the hottest part of the season. Sites with high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) exhibited a less negative response to temperatures during this period, probably associated with increased transpirational cooling. Genetic improvements were assessed by using the empirical model to correct observed yield growth for changes in environmental conditions and management over time. These ‘climate-corrected’ yield trends showed that most of the genetic gains in the high-yield-potential Elite Spring Wheat Yield Trial (ESWYT) were made at cooler temperatures, close to the physiological optimum, with no evidence for genetic gains at the hottest temperatures. In contrast, the Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Trial (SAWYT), a lower-yielding nursery targeted at maintaining yields under stressed conditions, showed the strongest genetic gains at the hottest temperatures. These results imply that targeted breeding efforts help us to ensure progress in building heat tolerance, and that intensified (and possibly new) approaches are needed to improve the yield potential of wheat in hot environments in order to maintain global food security in a warmer climate.

Possibility of Increasing Yield Potential of Rice by Reducing Panicle Height in the Canopy. I. Effects of Panicles on Light Interception and Canopy Photosynthesis.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
TL Setter ◽  
EA Conocono ◽  
JA Egdane ◽  
MJ Kropff
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Light Competition ◽  
Area Index

A new rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant type is proposed which is aimed at greater light interception by the leaves during grain filling and reduced susceptibility to lodging. This plant type is based on lowering panicle height in the canopy so that leaves are able to intercept more radiation. Panicle height of four cultivars with high yield potential ranged from 80 to 95% of canopy height at 14 days after flowering (DAF). Harvested panicle area index of two of these which were two tropical cultivars amounted to 0.45-0.57 m2 m-2, while the leaves above the panicles intercepted only 4-12% incident radiation at midday in these cultivars at 14 DAF. The potential impact of lowering panicle height in the canopy on canopy photosynthesis was evaluated by panicle removal. When panicles were removed, the irradiance at the bottom of the panicle layer of the canopy increased from 52 to 80%. At 11 DAF, net canopy photosynthesis of two cultivars similarly increased by 42-52% following removal of panicles. Increases in canopy photosynthesis were mainly due to increased light interception by leaves within the canopy since there were little or no changes in canopy dark respiration or in net leaf photosynthesis rates at the same irradiance following panicle removal. Optimum panicle height in the canopy and the effect of different panicle area index is further examined using a physiological model for light competition, INTERCOM. Reduced panicle height in the canopy is discussed in terms of considerations for and impacts of lowering panicle height in the canopy on canopy photosynthesis and yield of rice.

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