Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization of Bajrawia Iron Ore, Sudan

In this contribution, the mineralogical and chemical characterization of Bajrawia iron ore is investigated. The chemical analysis was conducted using atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence, Energy Dispersive X-ray and titration. The mineralogical characterization was obtained by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The physical properties such as densities, water content and porosity were determined. It was found that Bajrawia iron ore contains about 35.5% Fe and some impurities like phosphorus and silica. Goethite is the major iron mineral associated with minor contents of hematite, kaolinite and quartz. SEM photo showed that the main minerals are goethite, clay minerals and quartz. The ore has low density because it has high porosity degree. This type of iron ore is disseminated in rock matrix and would be difficult to process.

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Mineralogical, Physicochemical and Morphological Characterization of Okpella Clay

Mining Revue ◽

10.2478/minrv-2021-0037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 78-82

Author(s):

Nurudeen Salahudeen ◽

Aminat Oluwafisayo Abodunrin

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Local Clay ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Edo State ◽

Fluorescence Analyzer

Abstract Local clay mineral was mined from Okpella Town, Etsako Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Mineralogical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray diffraction analyzer. Chemical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray fluorescence analyzer and the pH analysis of the clay was carried out using pH meter. The mineralogical analysis revealed that the clay was majorly a dolomite mineral having 72% dolomite. The impurities present are 18% cristobalite, 4.1% garnet, 5% calcite and 1% quicklime. The pH analysis of the clay revealed that the clay was acidic having average pH value of 3.9. The pH determined for the 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:10 samples were 3.61, 3.85, 3.85, 4.05 and 4.09, respectively.

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New Insights into the Crystal Chemistry of Elpidite, Na2Zr[Si6O15]·3H2O and (Na1+YCax□1−X−Y)Σ=2Zr[Si6O15]·(3−X)H2O, and Ab Initio Modeling of IR Spectra

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14092160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2160

Author(s):

Alexander Bogdanov ◽

Ekaterina Kaneva ◽

Roman Shendrik

Keyword(s):

Ir Spectra ◽

Structural Models ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Special Group ◽

X Ray ◽

Influence Of Water ◽

Radioactive Species

Elpidite belongs to a special group of microporous zirconosilicates, which are of great interest due to their capability to uptake various molecules and ions, e.g., some radioactive species, in their structural voids. The results of a combined electron probe microanalysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of the crystals of elpidite from Burpala (Russia) and Khan-Bogdo (Mongolia) deposits are reported. Some differences in the chemical compositions are observed and substitution at several structural positions within the structure of the compounds are noted. Based on the obtained results, a detailed crystal–chemical characterization of the elpidites under study was carried out. Three different structure models of elpidite were simulated: Na2ZrSi6O15·3H2O (related to the structure of Russian elpidite), partly Ca-replaced Na1.5Ca0.25ZrSi6O15·2.75H2O (close to elpidite from Mongolia), and a hypothetical CaZrSi6O15·2H2O. The vibration spectra of the models were obtained and compared with the experimental one, taken from the literature. The strong influence of water molecule vibrations on the shape of IR spectra of studied structural models of elpidite is discussed in the paper.

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Influence of the Residue of Casting by Lost Wax in the Modulus of Elasticity and Porosity of Concretes

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.343 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 805 ◽

pp. 343-349

Author(s):

Carine F. Machado ◽

Weber G. Moravia

Keyword(s):

Construction Industry ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Microstructural Characterization ◽

Cement Matrix ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Hardened State ◽

Material Powder

This work evaluated the influence of additions of the ceramic shell residue (CSR), from the industries of Lost Wax Casting, in the modulus of elasticity and porosity of concrete. The CSR was ground and underwent a physical, chemical, and microstructural characterization. It was also analyzed, the environmental risk of the residue. In the physical characterization of the residue were analyzed, the surface area, and particle size distribution. In chemical characterization, the material powder was subjected to testing of X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Microstructural characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The residue was utilized like addition by substitution of cement in concrete in the percentages of 10% and 15% by weight of Portland cement. It was evaluated properties of concrete in the fresh and hardened state, such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, absorption of water by total immersion and by capillarity. The results showed that the residue can be used in cement matrix and improve some properties of concrete. Thus, the CSR may contribute to improved sustainability and benefit the construction industry.

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Performance of Precursor Materials and Fired Ceramics for Structural Blocks

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.820.13 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 820 ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Neila Gondim Azeredo ◽

Euzébio Barnabé Zanelato ◽

Jonas Alexandre ◽

Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽

Gustavo de Castro Xavier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Building Construction ◽

Structural Ceramic ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Ceramic Blocks ◽

Clay Body ◽

Structural Blocks

The physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of a precursor clay body before firing is of relevance for understanding the technological performance of the fired clay ceramic. In particular, structural clay ceramic blocks used in building construction need to attend standard properties specified by the norms. In the present work the precursor clay body, typically used to fabricate structural blocks in Campos dos Goytacazes, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was characterized in terms of particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, chemical composition and Atterberg limits. In addition, the performance of structural ceramic blocks, fabricated from the extruded clay body and fired at 850oC, was evaluated. The results indicated that the ceramic mechanical strength complies with the Brazilian norm but the water absorption is higher than the maximum specified by the norm. The characteristic of the clay body contribute to justify the structural blocks performance.

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Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of archaeological ceramics from the 16th century El Badi Palace, Morocco

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/clm.2018.33 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 459-470

Author(s):

Mouhssin El Halim ◽

Lahcen Daoudi ◽

Meriam El Ouahabi ◽

Valérie Rousseau ◽

Catherine Cools ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Raw Material ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Archaeological Ceramics ◽

Geochemical Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Firing Tests

ABSTRACTTextural, mineralogical and chemical characterization of archaeological ceramics (zellige) from El Badi Palace (Marrakech, Morocco), the main Islamic monument from the Saadian period (sixteenth century), has been performed to enhance restoration and to determine the technology of manufacturing. A multi-analytical approach based on optical and scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction was used. Re-firing tests on ceramic supports were also performed to determine the firing temperatures used by the Saadian artisans. A calcareous clay raw material was used to manufacture these decorative ceramics. The sherds were fired at a maximum temperature of 800°C in oxidizing atmosphere. The low firing temperature for ‘zellige’ facilitates cutting of the pieces, but also causes fragility in these materials due to the absence of vitreous phases.

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Petrographic and Chemical–Mineralogical Characterization of Mortars from the Cistern at Amaiur Castle (Navarre, Spain)

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10040311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 311 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Graciela Ponce-Antón ◽

Maria Cruz Zuluaga ◽

Luis Angel Ortega ◽

Juantxo Agirre Mauleon

Keyword(s):

Organic Additive ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Rock Fragments ◽

Application Techniques ◽

Aggregate Nature ◽

Specific Construction ◽

Selection Of

Mortars from the cistern in Amaiur Castle (Navarre, Spain) were analysed to assess the mortar manufacturing process and application techniques. To this end, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman microspectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed. The study of both structural and plaster mortars from Amaiur Castle cistern show patterns/rules in the mortar manufacture according to the specific construction requirements. A multilayer application technique was used for the construction of the cistern tank. Deliberate selection of the aggregate nature and grading contributed to mortar impermeability. Ceramic and silico-aluminous rock fragments were used as aggregates in the cistern tank to confer hydraulicity to the mortars, instead of carbonated aggregates as used in the vault. Aluminosilicated phases present in the aggregates led to the formation of amesite, which is a magnesium aluminosilicate hydrate (M-A-S-H) phase conferring hydraulicity to the mortar. Two types of additives were identified in the outer pigmented layer of plaster. Beeswax was the identified organic additive used to improve the impermeability of mortar, while hematite was the identified inorganic additive giving rise to the reddish colour of the layer.

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Physico-Mineralogical Characterization: Bentonitic Clays Recently Found in Olivedos, Paraíba, Brazil

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.820.56 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 820 ◽

pp. 56-59

Author(s):

F.K.A. Sousa ◽

I.A. Silva ◽

W.S. Cavalcanti ◽

Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽

Heber Carlos Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Petroleum Industry ◽

Specific Area ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Petroleum Wells ◽

The Town

Used in various branches of the industry, bentonitic clays are considered a valuable mineral, used specially in the petroleum industry for manufacturing of fluids used the drilling of petroleum wells in long depth. Recently, a deposit of this valuable mineral was discovered in the town of Olivedos-PB. There are data that prove that this is a very poor and underdeveloped town. So, this work aims at the physico-mineralogical characterization of clays recently discovered and, this way, verify if they present similar characteristics which allow them to replace the clays from Boa Vista-PB, and if they can be used by the industry, thus bringing social development for that town. The characterization was made by means of the analysis of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), thermogravimetric and thermal differential analyses (TG and DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and specific area (SA). The results show that the clays recently discovered in Olivedos-PB are polycationic clays, presenting MgO, CaO and K2O content, and that they are constituted by smectitic clay mineral, by quartz and kaolinite.

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Structural and Chemical Characterization of Tungsten Gate Stack for 1 Gb Dram

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-611-c3.3.1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 611 ◽

Author(s):

O. Gluschenkov ◽

J. Benedict ◽

L.A. Clevenger ◽

P. DeHaven ◽

C. Dziobkowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Wall ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Gate Stack ◽

X Ray ◽

Transition Electron Microscopy ◽

Tungsten Crystal ◽

Material Interaction ◽

Transition Electron

ABSTRACTMaterial interaction during integration of tungsten gate stack for 1 Gb DRAM was investigated by Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). During selective side-wall oxidation tungsten gate conductor undergoes a structural transformation. The transformation results in the reduction of tungsten crystal lattice spacing, re-crystallization of tungsten and/or growth of grains. During a highly selective oxidation process, a relatively small but noticeable amount of oxygen was incorporated into the tungsten layer. The incorporation of oxygen is attributed to the formation of a stable WO x (x<2) composite.

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Iron Ore Tailings: Characterization and Applications

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society ◽

10.21577/0103-5053.20210100 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ottávio Carmignano ◽

Sara Vieira ◽

Ana Paula Teixeira ◽

Fernando Lameiras ◽

Paulo Roberto Brandão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Ore ◽

Ceramic Industry ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

New Materials ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Iot Applications ◽

Iron Ore Tailings ◽

Iron Ore Tailing

Currently, approximately 1.4 billion tons per year of iron ore tailing wastes (IOT) are generated, mainly in Australia, Brazil, and China. This work describes the characterization and application of two typical IOT, i.e., fine and coarse wastes. The physicochemical characterization of these IOT by different techniques such as XRF (X-ray fluorescence), XRD (X-ray diffraction), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and granulometry, indicates for the fine tailing a composition of Fe2O3/FeOOH (10-55%), SiO2 (18-65%) and Al2O3 (up to 15%) with particles of 6-40 μm, whereas the coarse tailing presents 40-150 μm particles with the composition of 8-48% Fe2O3/FeOOH, 30-90% SiO2 and Al2O3 (up to 20%). The main IOT applications discussed in this review are related to civil construction (aggregates for concrete, mortar, Portland cement additives), ceramic industry, geopolymer, synthesis of new materials such as zeolites, mesoporous silica, carbon nanotubes, adsorbents, catalysts for different reactions, in batteries and in fuel cells. It was also carried out an analysis of patents related to IOT applications and the main technological and market barriers that hinder the industrial and commercial uses of these wastes.

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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HEMATITE (Fe2O3) EXTRACTED FROM IRON ORE BY PRECIPITATION METHOD

Jurnal Natural ◽

10.24815/jn.v16i1.4361 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 15-17

Author(s):

Andia Andia ◽

Adi Rahwanto ◽

Zulkarnanin Jalil

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Separation ◽

Steel Industry ◽

Iron Ore ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Precipitation Mechanism ◽

X Ray ◽

Hematite Fe2o3

Indonesia has a lot of mining material of iron ore that could be used for various purposes in the steel industry or for other. This research, has synthesized and characterization of hematite from local iron ore from Lhoong area by precipitation mechanism. The iron ore powder was magnetic separation with magnet then mixed with HCl and NH4OH. Then, it was dried at temperature of 150 ºC and calcinated at 500º C for 2 hours. Characterizations were perfomed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). As the results, it was found that the magnetic separation iron ore showed the composition of Fe2O3 (95.99%), SiO2 (2.10%). Then, by precipitation mechanism, the composition of Fe2O3 found around 96.58%. Next, the synthesis result are characterized with XRD show that the main phase is dominan in iron ore of Lhoong is hematit (Fe2O3). Scherrer calculations showed that precipitation mechanism to reducing grain size, the process of magnetic separation (58.009 µm) and the precipitation mechanism (20.950 µm.)

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