Promotion of CO2 assimilation by NOx, NP is easy method to protect global warming to get high GDP

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 063-086
Author(s):  
Shoichiro Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Easy Method

Global warming is caused by lack of N and P by the elimination of NOx and NP in seven developed countries. Global warming can be protected, if enough amounts of nutrients containing nitrogen and phosphorous are supplied. Most easily available substances containing N and P are NOx and NP in waste water. If developed countries stop the elimination of NOx and NP, CO2 assaulting is activated and global warming will stop. In addition, production of grain and fish will increase and GDP will increase. The goal “CO2 zero and growth” described in Paris Agreement could be accomplished sooner than in 2050.

scholarly journals Promotion of CO2 assimilation by sufficient supply of nitrogen and phosphorous is easiest method to fit Paris agreement and to protect global warming and to get national wealth

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 092-105
Author(s):  
Shoichiro Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
National Wealth ◽  
Fish Industry

Global warming is caused by retardation of CO2 assimilation by scare of nitrogen and phosphorous Developed countries are tried to purify air and water by NOx and NP elimination at around 1980. Then CO2 assimilation is retarded. CO2 fix is retarded. Agriculture and fish industry are retarded DGP increase rates of these countries are low. On the contrary, developing countries like China, India and Indonesia, they do not eliminate NOx and NP.and use as fertilizer. Then CO2 assimilation is activated CO2 fix is activated. Agriculture and fish industries are activated. DGP increase rates of these countries are high. We must promote CO2 assimilation by complete use of NOx and NP in waste water. And addition of fertilizer to the sea will increase CO2 assimilation and fish production. Promotion of CO2 assimilation by sufficient supply of nitrogen and phosphorous is easiest method to fit Paris agreement and to protect global warming and to increase DGP and national wealth.

scholarly journals Purification of Water and Air is Promoting Global Warming and Country Decline

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
Phosphorous Fertilizer ◽  
Purification Of Water

Burning of fossil is increasing. Production of CO2 and NOx is increasing. Increased CO2 and NOx promoted the CO2 assimilation. Most produced CO2 is fixed by CO2 assimilation. But developed countries started purification of water and air by elimination of NOx and NP at around 1980. 6 billion tone NOx and 2 billion tone NP are eliminated. NOx is main nitrogen fertilizer and NP is main nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer. Therefore plant growth is retarded. CO2 fix is retarded. CO2 is increasing. Food like grain, fish, and meat production is retarded. DGP increase rate decreased. Global warming and country decline are progressing. If developed countries stop NOx elimination by ammonia and close waste water purification station, global warming will stop and country decline will stop.

scholarly journals In clear water no fish can live. Water purification promote global warming, decline of countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Shoichiro Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Carbon dioxide CO2 increasing 2 ppm yearly since developed countries started elimination of NOx and elimination of NP. Global warming is happening by the decrease of CO2 assimilation from insufficient supply of NP fertilyzer. Developed countries hated NOx and NP and are eliminating NOx and NP. Japan is criticized as increasing much CO2. Japan is eliminating NOx,NP completely using much electricity producing 2 billion tone CO2 for the elimination of NOx and NP. Fish production of Japan dropped to 10%. GDP do not increase. If developed countries stop elimination of NOx,NP . CO2 assimilation is activated. Production of grain and fish increase. DGP will increase and global warming will stop.

scholarly journals Increase of CO2 and NOx Promote CO2 Assimilation, CO2 Fix and Food Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Phosphorous Fertilizer

Since the industrial revolution, burning of fossil increased. Production of CO2 and NOx increased greatly. Increased CO2 and NOx promoted the CO2 assimilation. Production of grain and fish increased. About 360 billion tone CO2 is produced by burning of much fossil. About 14.4 billion tone NOx is produced in 2015. Most of emitted CO2 is fixed by CO2 assimilation. Developed country like USA, Japan, Germany, UK, France and Italy started NOx elimination and NP elimination at around 1980, 6 billion tone NOx is eliminated. NOx is main nitrogen fertilizer. NP in waste water is main nitrogen, phosphorous fertilizer. Therefore CO2 assimilation, CO2 fix plant growth is retarded and emitted 360 billion tone CO2 is not fixed completely. Concentration of CO2 increased about 2 ppm. In 2016, 142 billion tone CO2 is remaining to give global warming. We must promote CO2 assimilation by complete use of NOx and NP in waste water. Fossil fuel is burning out soon. We should not spend precious fossil fuel for the elimination of NOx and NP. We must increase CO2 assimilation as much as possible.

Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities: Did This Principle Ever Exist?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Armin Rosencranz ◽  
Kanika Jamwal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Historical Responsibility ◽  
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities ◽  
Self Differentiation

This article argues that the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)’s conception of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDRRC) was never effectively implemented through the Kyoto Protocol. The investments under the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism suggest that CBDRRC has been used by developed countries to buy a “right to pollute”, i.e., maintaining or even increasing their greenhouse gas emissions, while investing in clean energy in developing nations, thus defeating the essence of CBDRRC as intended under the UNFCCC. Second, it points out that the Paris Agreement reflects a significant shift in the CBDRRC, both in terms of its textual understanding as well as its implementation. A qualifier, “in the light of national circumstances”, was added to the principle of CBDRRC in the Paris Agreement, allowing a form of voluntary self-differentiation. This qualifier diluted a top-down, objective analysis of States’ commitments. For several scholars, this shift has meant a softening of the principle, making the “differentiation” more dynamic and flexible. In the authors’ opinion, the qualifier is a fundamental modification of the principle to make it politically more palatable. It completely disregards the notion of historical responsibility for climate change, which was the cornerstone of CBDRRC as conceived under the UNFCCC. Therefore, rather than presenting a more flexible understanding of UNFCCC’s conception of CBDRRC, the Paris Agreement marks a total departure from it. Lacking an explicit redefinition of the principle of CBDRRC, it is misleading to contend that the Paris Agreement is still anchored in it.

Energy requirements for waste water treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Svardal ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Primary Power

The actual mathematical models describing global climate closely link the detected increase in global temperature to anthropogenic activity. The only energy source we can rely on in a long perspective is solar irradiation which is in the order of 10,000 kW/inhabitant. The actual primary power consumption (mainly based on fossil resources) in the developed countries is in the range of 5 to 10 kW/inhabitant. The total power contained in our nutrition is in the range of 0.11 kW/inhabitant. The organic pollution of domestic waste water corresponds to ∼0.018 kW/inhabitant. The nutrients contained in the waste water can also be converted into energy equivalents replacing market fertiliser production. This energy equivalent is in the range of 0.009 kW/inhabitant. Hence waste water will never be a relevant source of energy as long as our primary energy consumption is in the range of several kW/inhabitant. The annual mean primary power demand of conventional municipal waste water treatment with nutrient removal is in the range of 0.003–0.015 kW/inhabitant. In principle it is already possible to reduce this value for external energy supply to zero. Such plants should be connected to an electrical grid in order to keep investment costs low. Peak energy demand will be supported from the grid and surplus electric energy from the plant can be is fed to the grid. Zero ‘carbon footprint’ will not be affected by this solution. Energy minimisation must never negatively affect treatment efficiency because water quality conservation is more important for sustainable development than the possible reduction in energy demand. This argument is strongly supported by economical considerations as the fixed costs for waste water infrastructure are dominant.

scholarly journals ARE THE PARIS AGREEMENT EFFORTS EQUALLY SHARED? GDP AND CO2 PRODUCTION REGULARITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (310) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Adalmir Antonio Marquetti ◽  
Gabriel Mendoza Pichardo ◽  
Guilherme De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Kaya Identity

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong></strong>This study investigates regularities in the production of GDP and CO2 emissions for 84 countries between 1980-2014. The empirical strategy is derived from an ecological-economic framework in which both outputs are produced employing capital, energy and labor. Moreover, we propose an expanded version of the Kaya identity, which creates a link between the growth rate of CO2 emissions and capital accumulation to evaluate the distribution of abatement efforts under the Paris Agreement. By using a new dataset, we found evidence of relative decoupling in developing countries and absolute decoupling in some developed countries. Our findings show that the individual voluntary definition of the emission targets under the Agreement resulted in an unequal distribution of the abatement efforts among developing and developed countries. In the absence of higher energy or environment-saving technical changes, the required reductions in capital accumulation are sharper for developing than developed countries.</p><p> </p><p>¿SE COMPARTEN LOS ESFUERZOS DEL ACUERDO DE PARÍS IGUALMENTE? <br />REGULARIDADES DE PRODUCCIÓN DEL PIB Y CO2<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>RESUMEN</strong><br />Este trabajo investiga las regularidades en la producción del PIB y las emisiones de CO2 en 84 países entre 1980 y 2014. La estrategia empírica deriva de un marco ecológico-económico en el cual los dos bienes se producen utilizando capital, energía y trabajo. Proponemos una versión expandida de la identidad de Kaya que crea un vínculo entre la tasa de crecimiento de las emisiones de CO2 y la acumulación de capital para evaluar la distribución de los esfuerzos de abatimiento del Acuerdo de París. Mediante el uso de una nueva base de datos, encontramos un desacoplamiento relativo en los países en desarrollo y un desacoplamiento absoluto en algunos países desarrollados. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que la definición individual voluntaria de las metas de emisiones del Acuerdo resulta en una distribución desigual de los esfuerzos de abatimiento entre los países en desarrollo y desarrollados. En ausencia de un mayor cambio técnico ahorrador de energía o del ambiente, las reducciones requeridas en la acumulación de capital son más agudas para los países en desarrollo que para los desarrollados.</p>

scholarly journals A new scenario logic for the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joeri Rogelj ◽  
Daniel Huppmann ◽  
Volker Krey ◽  
Keywan Riahi ◽  
Leon Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Near Term

&lt;p&gt;To understand how global warming can be kept well-below 2&amp;#176;C and even 1.5&amp;#176;C, climate policy uses scenarios that describe how society could transform in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. Such scenario are typically created with integrated assessment models that include a representation of the economy, and the energy, land-use, and industrial system. However, current climate change scenarios have a key weakness in that they typically focus on reaching specific climate goals in 2100 only. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This choice results in risky pathways that delay action and seemingly inevitably rely on large quantities of carbon-dioxide removal after mid-century. Here we propose a framework that more closely reflects the intentions of the UN Paris Agreement. It focusses on reaching a peak in global warming with either stabilisation or reversal thereafter. This approach provides a critical extension of the widely used Shared Socioecononomic Pathways (SSP) framework and reveals a more diverse picture: an inevitable transition period of aggressive near-term climate action to reach carbon neutrality can be followed by a variety of long-term states. It allows policymakers to explicitly consider near-term climate strategies in the context of intergenerational equity and long-term sustainability.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The relationship between net GHG emissions and radiative forcing with an application to Article 4.1 of the Paris Agreement.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom M. L. Wigley
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Global Warming Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper provides an assessment of Article 4.1 of the Paris Agreement on climate; the main goal of which is to provide guidance on how “to achieve the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2”. Paraphrasing, Article 4.1 says that, to achieve this end, we should decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions so that net anthropogenic GHG emissions fall to zero in the second half of this century. To aggregate net GHG emissions, 100-year Global Warming Potentials (GWP-100) are commonly used to convert non-CO2 emissions to equivalent CO2 emissions. As a test case using methane, temperature projections using GWP-100 scaling are shown to be seriously in error. This throws doubt on the use of GWP-100 scaling to estimate net GHG emissions. An alternative method to determine the net-zero point for GHG emissions based on radiative forcing is derived. This shows that the net-zero point needs to be reached as early as 2036, much sooner than in the Article 4.1 window. Other scientific flaws in Article 4.1 that further undermine its purpose to guide efforts to achieve the Article 2 temperature targets are discussed.

scholarly journals The Application of Principles of Green Building in Traditional Housing in Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Maryam Qays Oleiwi ◽  
Ayat Ali ◽  
Nangkula Utaberta ◽  
Mastor Surat
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of

Green building has become an important issue among architects and urban planners due to the increment in global warming risks and climatic changes which influenced negatively on natural resources. It is also one of measures been put forward to alleviate the significant impacts of the influence of buildings on the environment, society and economy. There have been extensive studies on green buildings, as evidenced in the rapid growing number of papers been published in last decades. These studies have been conducted in both developed countries and developing countries, indicating this is a global issue. However, there is lack of extensive researches on the green buildings in Iraq that is crucial for the future exerts. This paper reports the definition of green building, the environmental, social and economical aspects of green building, and application of green building's principles in traditional housing in Iraq.

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