scholarly journals Влияние регуляторов роста на интенсификацию стартовых реакций семян сахарной кукурузы

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Раиса Иванова ◽  
◽  
Ала Боровская ◽  
Михаил Михайлов ◽  
Наталия Мащенко ◽  
...  

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of seeds encrustation of sweet corn with a complex based on sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) containing biologically active substances isolated from Linaria genistifolia L. (SG) on laboratory and field germination rates. Treatment of sweet corn seeds with SG solution and encrustation with a complex mixture (CMC 1.0% + SG 0.01%) enhanced the starting reactions of germination processes, to increase the germination energy and roots growth in laboratory tests, as well as to improve resistance to adverse climatic conditions in the field.

Author(s):  
М. М. Маренич ◽  
С. О. Юрченко

В лабораторних і польових дослідах досліджували вплив різних концентрацій біологічно активних речовин, протруйників та їх композицій на лабораторну і польову схожість насіння, розвиток рослин на початкових стадіях розвитку. Встановлено, що застосування протруйників може не зменшувати енергію проростання насіння, але біологічно активні речовини стимулювали цей показник. Застосування гумінових стимуляторів росту сприяло як збільшенню показника енергії проростання, так і інтенсифікації процесів росту та розвитку рослин. Обробка насіння радостимом сприяла збільшенню польової схожості на 2–4 %, а у варіантах з лігногуматом натрію – на 5–6 %. Застосування у рекомендованих дозах для обробки насіння сприяло збільшенню польової схожості на 7–9 % для «Гуміфілда» і на 10–15 % для «1R Seedtreatment». У варіантах з радостимом абсолютно суха маса надземної частини рослин зросла на 13,8–20,6 %, а маса кореневої системи – на 16–25 %. Обробка насіння лігногуматом сприяла збільшенню маси надземної частини і кореневої системи відповідно на 17–19,5 % і 12,7–31 %. У варіантах з гуміфілдом зростання надземної частини становило в середньому 24,8 %, а кореневої системи – 26,3 %, а в разі застосування більшої удвічі дози «1R Seedtreatment» – відповідно 37,5 і 40,6 %! На варіантах, де застосовувалася суміш   «Максим Стар 025 FS», 1,5 л/т + «Гуміфілд» 0,5 л/т в середньому зафіксували збільшення маси надземної частини на 13,9 % та кореневої системи на 15,4 %, а на варіантах із сумішшю «Максим Стар 025 FS», 1,5 л/т + 1R 1,0 л/т – 25,6 і 26,2 % відповідно. Зроблено висновок про доцільність комбінування сумішей для допосівної обробки насіння з метою зменшення негативного впливу протруйників на показники енергії проростання та польової схожості рослин. In laboratory and field experiments we studied influencing of different concentrations of biologically active substances, disinfectants and their compositions on laboratory and field seed germination, development of plants on the initial stages of development. We found that application of disinfectants can not diminish germination energy of seed, but biologically active substances stimulated this index. Humic growth stimulators contributed  both increase of germination energy index and intensification of plants growth and development processes. Treatment of seed by the «Radostim» contributed  the increase of the field seed germination on 2–4 %, and in variants with «Lignogumat of sodium» – on 5–6 %. Application in the ordered doses for the seed treatment contributed in the increase of the field seed germination on 7–9 % for «Gumifild» and on 10–15 % for «1R of Seedtreatment». In variants with «Radostim» absolutely dry mass of above-ground part of plants grew on 13,8–20,6 %, and mass of the root system – on 16–25 %. «Lignogumat» contributed in the increase of mass of above-ground part and root system accordingly on 17–19,5 % and 12,7–31 %. In variants with «Gumifild» growth of above-ground part was  on average 24,8 %, and root system – 26,3 %, and in the case of application of greater twice dose of «1R  Seedtreatment» – accordingly 37,5 and 40,6 %. On variants where mixture «Max Star 025 FS», 1,5 l/t + «Gumifild» 0,5 l/t was used on average fixed the increase of mass of above-ground part on 13,9 %,  root system – on 15,4 %, and on variants with mixture «Max Star 025 FS», 1,5 l/t + «1R» 1,0 l/t it was 25,6 and 26,2 % accordingly. We came to the conclusion about expedience of combining of mixtures pre-sowing seed treatment with the purpose of diminishing of the negative influencing of disinfectants on the indexes of germination energy and field seed germination of plants.


2021 ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Arsen Shamsudinovich Ramazanov ◽  
Shamsiyat Abdulmejidovna Balayeva ◽  
Oleg Borisovich Rudakov ◽  
Igor' Aleksandrovich Saranov

The object of the study was the fruits of milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn.] and fatty oil obtained from them by hexane extraction in the Soxlet apparatus. The aim of the study was to study the influence of natural and climatic conditions on the accumulation of fatty oil and other biologically active substances in the fruits of milk thistle growing on the territory of the Republic of Dagestan. It was found that the content of fatty oil and proteins in the fruits of milk thistle increases with a decrease in air temperature, an increase in the amount of precipitation and soil moisture at the place of growth; the content of carbohydrates and flavolignans in the studied samples of milk thistle fruits is inversely dependent on the content of fatty oil. It was revealed that with an increase in the amount of precipitation and a decrease in the amount of active temperatures during the change of the natural and climatic zone from the foothill Kaitagsky to the high-mountain Kulinsky district, the total content of unsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleic acid, in milk thistle oil samples decreases. The method of differential scanning calorimetry has been used to study the thermophysical properties of the fatty oil of milk thistle growing in the Kulinsky, Levashinsky and Kaitagsky districts of Dagestan. The results of the thermal analysis are in good agreement with the conclusions obtained from the results of chemical and chromatographic analysis, differential scanning calorimetry allows us to identify trends in the change in the fatty acid and triglyceride composition of milk thistle fatty oil, depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the growth of milk thistle.


Author(s):  
Kubasova E.D. ◽  
Korelskaya G.V. ◽  
Kubasov R.V.

The Medicinal Lovage (Levisticum Officinale) grows almost everywhere. In order to use Levisticum Officinale in economic needs, including in medicine, a number of countries are specially engaged in its cultivation. The analysis of the scientific literature revealed a large number of publications confirming the diverse chemical spectrum of rhizomes, roots and herbs of the medicinal lovage. In this regard, it is used as a medicinal raw material and is included in a number of European Pharmacopoeias. For medical purposes, all parts of this plant that contain biologically active substances can be used. Levisticum officinale contains various phytochemical compounds and secondary metabolites – terpenoids, flavonoids, essential oils, phthalides, polyacetylenes, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic acids, polyacetylenes. All of them have properties that can have a therapeutic effect on the organism. The composition of essential oils of Levisticum Officinale is the most studied. It is mainly represented by monoterpene hydrocarbons, sexwiterpenes and phthalides. There are some differences in the chemical composition of Levisticum Officinale. Most scientists agree that such a discrepancy may be related to the period and process of harvesting plant raw materials, age, genotype of the plant, climatic conditions and place of growth, as well as the method of extraction and the method of identification and quantitative determination of biologically active substances. Therefore, there is a problem of a single universal system of preparation and further use of raw materials. The development of modern methods for analyzing the raw materials of lovage and the study of its chemical composition creates prerequisites for expanding its use as a medicinal plant.


2021 ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Nikita Sergeyevich Tsvetov ◽  
Anna Viktorovna Korovkina ◽  
Oksana Ivanovna Paukshta

Koenigia Weyrichii (F. Schmidt) T.M. Schust. et Reveal, which grows on the Kola Peninsula, contains a significant amount of flavonoids in the aerial parts of the plant, rapidly builds up biomass, and is resistant to various climatic conditions. This makes K. Weyrichii a promising source of biologically active substances (BAS) in the Arctic zone. A relatively new method for extracting biologically active substances from plants is the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES), for example, a mixture of choline chloride with glycerol, which has shown high efficiency in the extraction of flavonoids from other plants. Previously, DES was not used for the extraction of biologically active substances from K. Weyrichii. The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficiency of ultrasonic extraction using traditional solvents (water, ethanol) and DES choline chloride + glycerol and to optimize the extraction conditions. Comparison of the total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidative, and antiradical activity in various extracts is carried out. It was found that the most favorable conditions for extraction are: water content in DES – 17.5 wt%, temperature – 65 °C, and time – 3 hours. At the same time, under identical extraction conditions (temperature and time), more target substances can be extracted with 60% ethanol than with DES. However, DES can be seen as an alternative to using ethanol. The data obtained can be useful for the further development of innovative technologies of the extraction of biologically active substances from plant material. Also, K. Weyrichii may be considered as a source of biologically active substances in cosmetics and the food industry.


Author(s):  
K. R. Piskunenko ◽  
V. G. Popov

The scientific review article allows to assess the relevance of scientific research of marmalade on the basis of modern sources of non-traditional types of fruit and berry raw materials, innovative technologies, functional ingredients intended to strengthen and preserve the health of the population, especially those living or working in extreme climatic conditions. Much attention is paid to the use of marmalade, not only as a favorite children 's dessert, but as a food product that can have a preventive effect on various body systems. In particular, for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the inclusion of an inulin preparation with a weight fraction of dietary fibres of up to 90% as a functional ingredient, the use of black carrot marmalade as a source of polyphenols with high bioavailability, polyunsaturated fatty acids containing more than 60% omega-3 and omega-6. Marmalade production technology continues to improve. For example, the use of the method of "syringe" with the help of a vacuum syringe, the possibility to preserve biologically active substances contained in fruit and berry raw materials to ensure long shelf life. This technology is in demand in the organization of nutrition of the population in hard-to-reach regions, for medical purposes. In some countries, marmalade is used as a mandatory breakfast element containing a complete complex of biologically active substances, toning and thinning thirst. Despite common approaches to marmalade production, there are differences in quality, composition, food and energy value across the world. Despite centuries of marmalade history, it remains the subject of increased scientific attention from scientists and consumers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
T. O. Kondratiuk ◽  
T. V. Beregova ◽  
I. Yu. Parnikoza ◽  
S. Y. Kondratyuk ◽  
A. Thell

The identification of the diversity of microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of the Argentine Islands in specimens collected during the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition was the purpose of this work. Samples of rock, soil, mosses and lichens of rock micro-habitats of “Crustose lichen sub-formation and fruticose lichen and moss cushion sub-formation” were used in the work. These samples were used for extracting and cultivation of filamentous fungi on dense nutrient media. Determination of physiological and biochemical characteristics and identification of yeast-like fungi were performed using a microbiological analyser ‘Vitek-2’ (‘Bio Merieux’, France). Cultivation of microorganisms was carried out at temperatures from +2 to +37 °C. In results cultures of microscopic fungi of Zygomycota (Mucor circinelloides), Ascomycota (species of the genera cf. Tlielebolus, Talaromyces), representatives of the Anamorphic fungi group (Geomyces pannorum, species of the genera Alternaria, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium) were isolated from Antarctic samples. Microscopic fungi Penicillium spp. were dominated after the frequency in the studied samples (54.5%). Rhodotorula rubra and Candida sp. among isolated yeast fungi, and dark pigmented fungi represented by Aureobasidium pulhdans and Exophiala spp. were identified. The biological properties of a number of isolated fungi (the potential ability to synthesise important biologically active substances: melanins, carotenoids, lipids) are characterised. Mycobiota of rock communities of Argentine Islands is rich on filamentous and yeast fungi similarly to other regions of Antarctica. A number of fungi investigated are potentially able to synthesise biologically active substances. The dark pigmented species of the genera Cladosporium, Exophiala, Aureobasidium pulhdans, capable of melanin synthesis; ‘red’ yeast Rhodotorula rubra (carotenoid producers and resistant to toxic metals); Mucor circinelloides and Geomyces pannorum, lipid producers, are among these fungi. Yeast-like fungi assimilated a wide range of carbohydrates, which will allow them to be further used for cultivation in laboratory and process conditions. The collection of technologically promising strains of microorganisms, part of the Culture Collection of Fungi at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine), is updated with isolated species (strains) of filamentous fungi and yeast – potential producers of biologically active substances, obtained within this study.


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