scholarly journals ANALYSISOF FULL VALUE FEEDING OF MARAL STAGS IN WINTER AND SPRING

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
L.V. Rastopshina ◽  
◽  
D.A. Kazantsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Republic

The productivecharacteristics of marals largely depend on the level, full value and balance of feeding. Provided these factors are taken into account, marals maximize their genetic potential. The experimental part of the study was carried out on the farm of the SPK PZ “Abayskiy”of the Ust-Koksinskiy District of the Republic of Altai in 2020. The research goal was to evaluate the full value of feeding maral stags in winter and spring period. It was found that the best energy feed was oat grain which contained 0.9 energetic feed units. When evaluating the mineral composi-tion, it may be seen that legume hay is superior to other forages in terms of calcium content. Oat grain contains larger amount of phosphorus, haylage –larger amount of magnesium. The maral stag diet usedin the SPK PZ “Abayskiy”contains mainly cereals (oats). As a result, in terms of energy nutritional value, it exceeds the upper threshold of the standard by 23%. There is phosphorus deficit by 5.2%. The content of digestible protein, sugar and carotene is higher than in the standard by 1.2, 8 and 69%, respectively. It has been found that on a daily basis, roughage (legume hay) is the largest part of the diet -7 kg per head; there is less succulent forage (silage) and less concentrates (oats). It should be noted that this diet for maral stag during the stall period requires adjustment; if possible, the proportion of hay in the diet should be re-duced; the diet should include enriched mineral supple-ments of natural origin.

scholarly journals Trends of the energy and protein value of hylage from legumes in the Republic of Tatarstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Evgeny Olegovich Krupin ◽  
Marsel Sharipzyanovich Tagirov ◽  
Adelya Ayratovna Askarova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Perennial Legumes

The results of the analysis of the dynamics of energy and protein nutritional value of haylage from perennial legumes harvested from plant raw materials in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan in the period from 1993 to 2018 are described. The long-term average value of the studied indicator was 9.52 MJ / kg, which is 5.54% higher than the norm. The highest content of exchangeable energy was noted in 1996 - 9.67 MJ / kg, which is 1.58% higher than the long-term average. The lowest content of exchangeable energy was established in 2009 (9.36 MJ / kg). The long-term average value of the net energy level of lactation was 1.96 MJ / kg, which is 9.68% higher than the norm. The maximum was observed in 2017 and amounted to 2.17 MJ / kg, and the minimum - in 2001 (1.65 MJ / kg), when it was 23.97% below the norm. It was found that the average long-term value of the level of digestible protein in haylage was 111.31 g / kg, which is 1.78% higher than the norm. The highest content of digestible protein was found in 2010 (17.21%). The smallest value was recorded a year earlier, in 2009 and amounted to 95.64 g / kg, which, respectively, is lower than the average long-term value and the value of the norm by 14.08 and 12.56%, respectively.

scholarly journals Dynamics of energy and protein nutritional value of roughage in the Republic of Tatarstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.O. Krupin ◽  
Sh.K. Shakirov ◽  
M.Sh. Tagirov ◽  
A.R. Khairullina ◽  
A.A. Askarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Republic

The aim of the research was to analyze the dynamics of the energy and protein nutritional value of hay from cereal and leguminous herbs produced in the Republic of Tatarstan in the period from 1993 to 2018. The results of analysis of 560 samples of hay from different agroclimatic zones of the republic are presented. It was found that in the dry matter of both cereal and leguminous hay, the content of metabolizable energy practically did not change. The average content of metabolic energy in 1 kg of dry matter of cereal hay was 7.92 MJ / kg. The average deviation from the norm was minus 2.62%. The average content of metabolizable energy in 1 kg of dry matter of legume hay was 9.65 MJ / kg, which is 21.84% higher than in cereal hay. The average excess of the norm for this indicator was 13.77%. The level of net energy of lactation in cereal hay remains unchanged throughout the study, and for legumes there is a slight tendency to increase this indicator. The average value of the net energy content of lactation in 1 kg of dry matter of cereal hay was 3.72 MJ / kg, which deviates from the norm by minus 23.95%. The average content of net energy of lactation in 1 kg of dry matter of legume hay was 4.51 MJ / kg, which is 21.24% higher than in cereal hay. The deviation from the norm for the entire studied period of time was minus 8.34%. In the period from 1993 to 2018, a tendency for an increase in the content of digestible protein in dry matter was established, more pronounced in legume hay. The average long-term content of digestible protein in 1 kg of dry matter of cereal hay was 62.64 g / kg, while in legume hay its content was 70.10% higher (106.55 g / kg). The average deviation of this indicator from the norm in cereal hay was 15.04%, and in legumes - 8.51%.

Variasi Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) pada Pembuatan Flakes Ditinjau dari Sifat Fisik, Sifat Organoleptik dan Kadar Kalsium

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Frieda Rosita Majid ◽  
Nur Hidayat ◽  
Waluyo Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Characteristic ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Background:Moringa (Moringaoleifera Lam.) Is a plant of high nutritional value, grows scattered in the tropics and sub-tropics, but utilization is still low. Each section has its benefits Moringa one part is the Moringa leaves contain a high calcium. In 100 grams of material, fresh Moringa leaves contain as much as 440 mg of calcium in the form of flour whereas if it contains as much as 2,003 mg of calcium. One of its use in the manufacture of flakes added. Objective: Know the difference physical harateristi, organoleptic characteristic and calcium levels in flakes variations addition of Moringa leaf powder. Methods: The study is a randomized experimental design with simple, includes four kinds of treatments, two replications with two experimental units. Observations of physical characteristic were analyzed by descriptive, the organoleptic characteristic of data analysis using statistical test Kruskal-Wallis continued Mann-Whitney and methods of test calcium content using permanganometri then the data were analyzed descriptive. Results: The physical characteristics of flakes greenish-yellow, slightly fragrant aroma typical of flakes, rather unpleasant taste typical of Moringa leaves and a slightly crunchy texture. Organoleptic characteristics the color of flakes with moringa leaf powder 5%, the aroma of the flakes without addition moringa leaf powder, the flavour of flakes with additions moringa leaf powder 5% and the texture of flakes with additions moringa leaf powder 7,5% most prefered panelist and high levels calcium of flakes with additions 10% moringa leaf powder. Conclusion: There is a difference variations addition of moringa leaf powder on physical, organoleptic characteristic (color) and the level of calcium flakes.Flakes with the addition of 5% moringa leaf powder is the most prefered panelist.   Keywords:Moringa Leaf Flour, Flakes, Physical characteristic, organoleptic, Calcium

Productivity of forage grasses affected by microbial preparations in the Vologda region

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
А.В. Платонов ◽  
И.И. Рассохина ◽  
Л.В. Сухарева ◽  
Г.Ю. Лаптев ◽  
В.Н. Большаков
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
Feed Unit

Использование микробных препаратов — перспективный путь повышения продуктивности сельскохозяйственных растений. В статье приведены результаты изучения влияния биопрепаратов, созданных на основе живых штаммов микроорганизмов Bacillus subtilis («Натурост»), Lactobacillus buchneri («Натурост-Актив») и Bacillus megaterium («Натурост-М»), на продуктивность и питательную ценность райграса однолетнего и клеверо-тимофеечной смеси. Исследование проводили в мелкоделяночном полевом опыте во ФГБУН ВолНЦ РАН (Вологодская область) в 2019–2020 годах. Под влиянием обработки биопрепаратами выход зелёной массы райграса возрастал на 13,7–65,5% в зависимости от опытного варианта. Продуктивность травосмеси клевера и тимофеевки увеличилась на 13,1–46,6% в зависимости от используемого биопрепарата, укоса и года исследования. Оценка питательной ценности райграса показала, что обработка биопрепаратами способствовала повышению содержания кормовых единиц в сухом веществе на 6,5%, также несколько увеличилось содержание обменной энергии, сырого и переваримого протеина, сахаров и жиров. Питательная ценность клеверо-тимофеечной смеси по содержанию кормовых единиц под влиянием биопрепаратов увеличилась на 15%. В опытах с райграсом бόльшая продуктивность зелёной массы получена при использовании препарата «Натурост-Актив», в опытах с клеверо-тимофеечной смесью отмечена бόльшая эффективность препарата «Натурост». В исследованиях 2019 года повышение питательной ценности зелёной массы у обеих культур в большей степени происходило под влиянием препарата, созданного на основе бактерий Bacillus megaterium. В 2020 году более выраженное увеличение содержания кормовых единиц, обменной энергии, сырого протеина, переваримого протеина и жиров происходило при внесении препарата на основе бактерий Bacillus subtilis. Microbial preparations were shown to be promising when increasing crop productivity. This article reports on the effect of biopreparations containing living strains of Bacillus subtilis (“Naturost”), Lactobacillus buchneri (“Naturost-Aktiv”) and Bacillus megaterium (“Naturost-M”) on the yield and nutritional value of annual ryegrass and clover-timothy mixture. Microplot field trial took place in 2019–2020. Biopreparations improved green mass yield of ryegrass by 13.7–65.5%. The productivity of the clover-timothy mixture increased by 13.1–46.6% affected by biopreparations, cut and year. Treatment with biopreparations increased feed unit content by 6.5% in dry matter (DM) as well as exchange energy, crude and digestible protein, sugar and fat. Biopreparations improved feed unit content of the clover-timothy mixture by 15%. Ryegrass produced the highest yield of green mass under “Naturost-Aktiv” application, while “Naturost” was more effective for the clover-timothy mixture. In 2019 Bacillus megaterium had the best effect on the nutritional value of crop green mass. The contents of feed units, exchange energy, crude and digestible proteins as well as fat grew significantly after Bacillus subtilis application in 2020.

Influence of cutting management on productivity and nutritional value of perennial grasses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л. Евстратова ◽  
Г. Евсеева ◽  
С. Смирнов ◽  
А. Камова
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
The Republic

В условиях Республики Карелия в 20152018 годах проведены трёхлетние научные исследования по определению оптимальных режимов скашивания и оценке их влияния на продуктивные и качественные характеристики бобовозлаковых травостоев с включением интродуцированных культур Medicago varia Mart. (сорт Таисия) и Festulolium F. Aschers.et Graebn. (сорт ВИК 90). Установлено, что в агроценозах массовая доля люцерны изменчивой при двуукосном режиме скашивания динамично возрастала с 4,029,1 до 34,442,2, а при трёхукосном с 3,927,6 до 48,860,3. Традиционный бобовый компонент Trifolium hybridum L. (сорт Первенец), наоборот, снизил своё участие в травостое с 22,451,4 до 1,315,3 и с 27,440,0 до 0,713,9 соответственно. Фестулолиум доминировал в травостое при трёхкратном скашивании в 1й и 2й годы пользования (56,1 и 69,5) и при двукратном во 2й и 3й годы (58,6 и 54,0). В среднем за 3 года как при двух, так и при трёхукосном режиме скашивания высокие показатели урожайности сухой массы (7,559,13 т/га), энергетической (6,2110,09 тыс. корм. ед./га 79,794,7 ГДж/га) и протеиновой (0,811,31 т/га) продуктивности обеспечили травостои: кострец безостый люцерна изменчивая клевер гибридный фестулолиум люцерна изменчивая клевер гибридный. Рассматриваемые значения превысили контроль (клеверозлаковый травостой) в 1,11,7 раза. Независимо от состава фитоценоза трёхкратное использование травостоев имело преимущество (на 18,661,7) только по сбору сырого протеина. В типичных погодных условиях полевого сезона лучшие результаты получены при двукратном режиме скашивания бобовозлаковых травостоев, а в экстремальных при трёхкратном. Последний обеспечил более равномерное распределение урожая зелёной массы по укосам и высокие показатели питательности корма. The investigations took place in the Republic of Karelia in 20152018. It was aimed to test cutting managements and their influence on grass productivity and quality and determine the optimal one. Legumegramineous ecosystems contained Medicago varia Mart. (variety Taisiya) and Festulolium F. Aschers.et Graebn. (variety VIK 90). The proportion of bastard alfalfa increased from 4.029.1 to 34.442.2 under two cuts, and from 3.927.6 to 48.860.3 under three cuts. The fraction of conventional grass component Trifolium hybridum L. (variety Pervenets) reduced from 22.451.4 to 1.315.3 and from 27.440.0 to 0.713.9, respectively. Festulolium prevailed in the 1st and 2nd years under three cuts (56.1 and 69.5) as well as in the 2nd and 3rd years under two cuts (58.6 and 54.0). Mixtures of smooth brome bastard alfalfa alsike clover festulolium bastard alfalfa alsike clover had the highest dry mass yield (7.559.13 t ha1), energy content (6.2110.09 thousand feed units ha1 79.794.7 GJ ha1) and protein concentration (0.811.31 t ha1). These values exceeded the ones of the control (clovergramineous mixture) by 1.11.7 times. Three cuts provided 18.661.7 more protein. Two cuts gave better results under typical regional climate, but three cuts were advantageous under unfavorable conditions.

Productivity and forage quality of scarlet amaranth and field beans in the Trans-Baikal Territory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. Андреева ◽  
Н. Пилипенко ◽  
Л. Сидорова ◽  
Н. Харченко
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Fodder Quality ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Field Beans

Исследования проведены в 20112013 годах на полях НИИ ветеринарии Восточной Сибири филиала СФНЦА РАН, расположенных в ИнгодинскоЧитинской лесостепи. Увеличение производства кормов, улучшение их качества и энергонасыщенности главная задача агропромышленного комплекса Забайкальского края. Одним из направлений в решении данной проблемы является возделывание малораспространённых и нетрадиционных однолетних кормовых культур, обладающих высокой кормовой продуктивностью, адаптивностью к природноклиматическим условиям региона. Цель и задачи исследований изучить возможность формирования высокой урожайности и питательной ценности нетрадиционных и малораспространённых кормовых культур (амаранта метельчатого, кормовых бобов), адаптивных к экстремальным условиям Забайкалья. Сорта изучаемых культур в опыте: амарант метельчатый Янтарь, кормовые бобы Сибирские. Дана оценка этим культурам по адаптивности к условиям выращивания и комплексу хозяйственно ценных признаков. Амарант метельчатый и кормовые бобы обладают высоким потенциалом кормовой продуктивности, качеством корма, устойчивостью к засухе (3,23,8 баллов), полеганию (5 баллов), вредителям и поражённостью болезням, обеспечивают урожайность зелёной массы 25,228,4 т/га, сухого вещества 5,75,8 т/га, кормовых единиц 4,4 т/га, обменной энергии 55,956,8 ГДж/га, переваримого протеина 695893 кг/га с содержанием в 1 корм. ед. 158203 г переваримого протеина, формируют семенную продуктивность 0,51,28 т/га. Для обеспечения животноводства Забайкальского края полноценным высокоэнергетическим кормом целесообразно использовать амарант метельчатый и кормовые бобы. The investigation took place in 20112013 at the EastSiberian Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine. Agriculture in the TransBaikal Territory is oriented towards increase in forage production and improvement of fodder quality and energy value. One of the ways to do that is to cultivate rare and unconventional annual forage species having high feed productivity and adaptability to the regional conditions. The goal and objectives of this research were to analyze the productivities and nutritional value of scarlet amaranth and field beans tolerant to the extreme conditions of the TransBaikal Territory. Scarlet amaranth Yantar and field beans Sibirskie performed as the objects of study. The investigation tested their adaptability and economically important traits. Scarlet amaranth and field beans had high forage productivity and quality, resistance to drought, lodging, pests and diseases. These crops could yield 25.228.4 t ha1 of green mass, 5.75.8 t ha1 of dry matter, 4.4 t ha1 of feed units, 55.956.8 GJ ha1 of exchange energy, 695893 kg ha1 of digestible protein and 0.51.28 t ha1 of seeds. One feed unit contained 158203 g of digestible protein. Scarlet amaranth and field beans were shown to be good sources of highenergy and highquality feed for livestock in the TransBaikal Territory.

scholarly journals Nutritional Evaluation of Beetroots (Beta vulgaris L.) and Its Potential Application in a Functional Beverage

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1752
Author(s):  
Eman Abdo ◽  
Sobhy El-Sohaimy ◽  
Omayma Shaltout ◽  
Ahmed Abdalla ◽  
Ahmed Zeitoun
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Good Source

Beetroot is a good source of minerals, fibers, and bioactive components. The present research work was conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of beetroots (juice, peels, leaves and pomace) enhancing the extracted bioactive components, and developing a functional probiotic beverage. Chemical composition and minerals content of beetroot parts were estimated. The bioactive components were extracted by instant extraction method (IEM) and overnight extraction method (at −20 °C) (OEM) to determine total phenolics, flavonoids, and DPPH inhibition ratio. The extracted beetroot juice was mixed with milk for valorization of the beverage nutritional value and fermented with LA-5 and ABT-5 cultures to create a novel functional beverage. Chemical composition, minerals content, and bioactive components of beverages were estimated. The leaves exhibited the highest calcium content (1200 mg/100 g). Juice showed the highest amount of all minerals except for calcium and magnesium. Overnight extraction method (OEM) increased the antioxidant activity in peels and stems. Natural juice exhibited the highest activity compared to extracts. Fermentation of beet-milk beverage with LA-5 and ABT-5 cultures enhanced the beverage taste, flavor, and antioxidant capacity. Beetroot wastes and juice comprise a valuable nutritional source. Fermentation improved the nutritional value of beetroot and the acceptability of the product.

scholarly journals Pink snow mold in winter cereal crops in Belarus and in the South of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00006
Author(s):  
Alexander Zhukovskiy ◽  
Natalia Krupenko ◽  
Yana Yakhnik ◽  
Olga Tarancheva ◽  
Galina Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
The South ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
The Republic

The article presents an analysis of the distribution and development of pink snow mold (pathogen Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett) on winter cereal crops in the Republic of Belarus and in the South of Russia. Pink snow mold is currently one of the most harmful diseases of winter cereal crops, as it can cause damage not only to various parts of the plants, but also lead to their complete death. The intensity of the disease development mainly depends on weather conditions in the autumn-spring period, namely, on the duration of snow cover, its height and the rate of melting in spring. We determined the dependence of the disease development progress on agroclimatic conditions. There is a description of weather conditions in combination with a gradation of the disease development level in the Republic of Belarus and in Krasnodar Krai (southern Russia) during the epiphytotic and depressive years of the pink snow mold development. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the crops infected with pink snow mold and the treated cereal crops in southern Russia in 2011 -2019.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG IKAN LELE TERHADAP PEMBUATAN COOKIES BEBAS GLUTEN DAN KASEIN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF JAJANAN ANAK AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER [Effect of Catfish Flour Substitution towards Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Cookies as an Alternative Snack for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder]

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Aliffah Nurria Nastiti ◽  
Juliana Christyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Significant Difference

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have digestive disorders, therefore their diet should be gluten-free and casein-free. Gluten-free and casein-free foods tend to be low in protein. ASD children who apply a gluten-free diet and casein have a lower calcium intake and low in bone density. Catfish flour with high protein and calcium content were expected to increase the nutritional value (protein and calcium) of cookies which gluten-free and casein-free. This study was aimed to determine the effect of catfish flour substitution towards acceptance and nutritional value of gluten and casein free cookies as an alternative snack for ASD children. This study was experimental research with Completely Randomized Design. Panelists of this study were children with ASD (4-6 years) and their parents as many as 40 people. There were 4 formulas in this study, F0 was control, and 3 substitution formulas. Percentage of Flour substitution were, F2 (2%: 2%); F3 (4%: 4%); and F5 (6%: 4%). Kruskal Wallis test showed no significant difference in the level on acceptance level in taste and aroma between F0, F3, and F5. The acceptability and nutritional value's ranking showed the best formula was F5. 100 grams of F5 cookies (protein: 6.75 g; calcium: 247.51 mg) can fulfill 19% of the protein and 24.8% calcium of children RDA (4-6 years). Gluten-free and casein-free cookies with catfish (Formula 5) with enough protein and high calcium can be an alternative snack for ASD children.

scholarly journals LEVEL OF FEEDING AND THE DYNAMICS OF MILK YIELDS OF AYRSHIRE BREED OF COWS AFTER FIRST CALVING

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
O.V. Zelenina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Ermoshina ◽  
M.A. Gerasimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Pronounced Peak

Evaluation of the nutritional value of feed mixtures for lactation periods of the Ayrshire first-calf breed showed that in the first period there is an excess of dry matter and easily digestible protein in the diet, and a lack of sugar in all periods. The consumption of energy and nutrients for the synthesis of 1 kg of milk was optimal. For 305 days of lactation, an average of 7653 kg of milk per cow was obtained after the first calving, and the maximum daily milk yield was recorded in the second month of lactation. The research of lactation curves showed that highly productive cows have a more pronounced peak of milk yield in the first lactation months; the level of milk productivity remains high up to 9-10 months of the lactation period.

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