scholarly journals MODERN METHODS OF INVESTIGATION PHASE AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE CORE

2013 ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
M. Smirny ◽  
M. Epishev
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
The Core ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Successful problem solving design and optimization techniques hydrocarbon largely depends on the mineralogical composition of reservoir rocks. It mineralogical composition directly determines the applicability of certain methods of treatment reagent wells are needed, such as shale gas. In this article we have shown excellence and effectiveness of the X-ray diffraction analysis in combination with elemental analysis for problems of geological services.   

Sedimentary Clays as Geopolymer Precursor

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
F. Mostefa ◽  
Nasr Eddine Bouhamou ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
Salima Aggoun ◽  
D. Mekhatria
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Performances

This work aims to study the feasibility of making a geopolymer cement based on dredged sediments, from the Fergoug dam (Algeria) and to evaluate their construction potential particularly interesting in the field of special cementitious materials. These sediments due to their mineralogical composition as aluminosilicates; are materials that can be used after heat treatment. Sedimentary clays were characterized before and after calcination by X-ray diffraction, ATG / ATD, spectroscopy (FTIR) and XRF analysis. The calcination was carried out on the raw material sieved at 80 μm for a temperature of 750 ° C, for 3.4 and 5 hours. The reactivity of the calcined products was measured using isothermal calorimetric analysis (DSC) on pastes prepared by mixing an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8 M in an amount allowing to have a Na / Al ratio close to 1 (1: 1). Also, cubic mortar samples were prepared with a ratio L / S: 0.8, sealed and cured for 24 hours at 60 ° C and then at room temperature until the day they were submited to mechanical testing. to check the extent of geopolymerization. The results obtained allowed to optimize the calcination time of 5 hours for a better reactivity of these sediments, and a concentration of 8M of sodium hydroxide and more suitable to have the best mechanical performances.

Unprecedented Hexa- and Undecanuclear Frameworks of Two New Tin(IV) Oxo Clusters Resulting from Partial Debenzylation Reactions

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1293-s1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Plasseraud ◽  
Hélène Cattey ◽  
Philippe Richard
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
State Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Neutral Cluster ◽  
Broad Resonance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Core

A new and facile synthetic route to the known neutral cluster ((PhCH2)2SnO)6[((PhCH2)2SnOH)2- (CO3)]2 (2) as well as its reactivity toward trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (HO3SCF3, TfOH) are reported. The solid-state structure of the new solvate 2·6C7H8 has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The core of 2 can be described as a pair of coplanar pentanuclear [(PhCH2)2SnO]5 ladders bridged at their ends by two carbonate groups. Successive additions of TfOH to a suspension of 2 in CD3CN were monitored by 119Sn{1H} NMR spectroscopy showing the transformation of the fingerprint of 2 (δ = −244, −246, −306 ppm), via new upfield signals, to a final broad resonance located at δ = −474 ppm. Thereafter, two unprecedented ionic monobenzyltin(IV) oxo clusters, 3 and 4, resulting from a debenzylation reaction and exhibiting unusual hexa- and undecanuclear frameworks, respectively, have been isolated as single crystals.

Crystallization of simonkolleite (Zn5Cl2(OH)8 ∙ H2O) in powder samples prepared for mineral composition analysis by quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD)

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Urszula Zagórska ◽  
◽  
Sylwia Kowalska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Method Error ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference

The analysis of mineralogical composition by quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) is one of the standard research methods used in hydrocarbon exploration. In order to improve it and to obtain better results, the methodology of quantitative analysis used at Well Logging Department is being periodically (more or less) modified. After the introduction of the improvements, comparative analyses were performed on archival samples. Reflections from an unidentified phase which did not occur in the tested Rotliegend sandstone samples were noticed on X-ray diffractograms of archival samples. Reflections of a mineral called simonkolleite were identified in the X-ray diffraction database. Chemically it is a hydrated zinc chloride of the formula: Zn5Cl2(OH)8 × H2O. Analysis of the composition of samples in which simonkolleite crystallised, indicated that the mineral is being formed in the result of the slow reaction of zinc oxide with halite (NaCl) and water vapour. An attempt was made to determine the influence of the presence of this mineral on the results of the quantitative analysis of mineralogical composition. The above methodology was applied on a group of ten samples. The results of the quantitative analysis conducted for archival samples stored with added zincite standard containing simonkolleite and for new, freshly grinded (without artifact) samples were compared. The comparison of the obtained results showed a slight influence of this mineral on the quantitative composition of the remaining components. The difference between the results usually did not exceed the method error. At the same time a significant difference in the calculated content of the internal standard was noted – on average 1% less in archival than in new samples. This shows that the reaction occurring in the archival samples will affect the evaluation of the quality of the obtained quantitative analysis, at the same time excluding the possibility of determining the rock’s amorphous substance content with the internal standard method.

scholarly journals A prototype handheld X-ray diffraction instrument

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1571-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Hansford
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Back Reflection ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Sample Position

A conceptual design for a handheld X-ray diffraction (HHXRD) instrument is proposed. Central to the design is the application of energy-dispersive XRD (EDXRD) in a back-reflection geometry. This technique brings unique advantages which enable a handheld instrument format, most notably, insensitivity to sample morphology and to the precise sample position relative to the instrument. For fine-grained samples, including many geological specimens and the majority of common alloys, these characteristics negate sample preparation requirements. A prototype HHXRD device has been developed by minor modification of a handheld X-ray fluorescence instrument, and the performance of the prototype has been tested with samples relevant to mining/quarrying and with an extensive range of metal samples. It is shown, for example, that the mineralogical composition of iron-ore samples can be approximately quantified. In metals analysis, identification and quantification of the major phases have been demonstrated, along with extraction of lattice parameters. Texture analysis is also possible and a simple example for a phosphor bronze sample is presented. Instrument formats other than handheld are possible and online process control in metals production is a promising area. The prototype instrument requires extended measurement times but it is argued that a purpose-designed instrument can achieve data-acquisition times below one minute. HHXRD based on back-reflection EDXRD is limited by the low resolution of diffraction peaks and interference by overlapping fluorescence peaks and, for these reasons, cannot serve as a general-purpose XRD tool. However, the advantages ofin situ, nondestructive and rapid measurement, tolerance of irregular surfaces, and no sample preparation requirement in many cases are potentially transformative. For targeted applications in which the analysis meets commercially relevant performance criteria, HHXRD could become the method of choice through sheer speed and convenience.

The mineralogy and firing behaviour of pottery clays of the Lake Van region, eastern Turkey

Clay Minerals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aras ◽  
S. Kiliç
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Lake Van ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Firing Shrinkage

AbstractThe present study focused on the mineralogical and chemical characterization and firing behaviour of clays from the Lake Van region and compared them with the same characteristics established for two ancient pot sherds. Four pottery clays collected from Kutki and Kuşluk in the Kesan Valley to the south, from Kavakbaşı to the southwest and from Bardakçı village on the east coast of Lake Van were analysed by X-ray diffraction to identify mineralogical composition (bulk clays and <2 μm fractions after heating at 300–500°C and ethylene glycol solvation). Further analyses were conducted to determine the size distribution, chemical composition and physical properties of test bodies derived from these clays. The in situ weathered schist forming the primary micaceous red clays which are suitable for local pottery production are characterized by large muscovite-sericite-illite and small calcite contents. In contrast, the Bardakçı clays are dominated by large smectite contents and are only used sparingly in mixtures of local pottery production because they undergo firing shrinkage and present drying and firing flaws in the fired bodies. Firing ranges of ~800–900°C were inferred from the mineralogy and colours of the two ancient sherds from Kutki. As a result of mineralogical analysis of fired and unfired test bodies of these pottery clays and pot sherds, two different types of pastes were determined for pottery production in the Lake Van region: metamorphic and volcanic paste, the former characterized by a calcite-poor and mica-sericite-rich matrix and the latter by large smectite and small calcite contents.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Refractory Coatings Based on Talc, Cordierite, Zircon and Mullite Fillers for Lost Foam Casting Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prstić ◽  
Z. Aćimović-Pavlović ◽  
A. Terzić ◽  
L. Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Lost Foam Casting ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Refractory Coatings ◽  
Particle Size And Shape ◽  
Lost Foam

Abstract Refractory coatings based on different refractory fillers (talc, cordierite, zircon and mullite) for application in Lost Foam casting process were investigated. Design and optimization of the coatings composition with controlled, rheological properties included, and consequently synthesis were achieved by application of different coating components, namely different suspension agents and fillers and by alteration of the coating production procedure. Morphologic and microstructural analysis of fillers was carried out by means of scanning electronic microscope. X-ray diffraction analysis by means of X-ray diffractometer was applied in determination and monitoring the phase composition changes of the refractory fillers. An analysis of the particle size and shape was carried out by means of the PC software application package OZARIA 2.5. To assess the effects of application of individual refractory coatings, a detailed investigation of structural and mechanical properties of the moldings obtained was performed. Highlight was placed on revealing and analyzing surface and volume defects present on moldings. Radiographic molding tests were carried out by means of the X-ray device SAIFORT type-S200. Attained results are essential for the synthesis of refractory coatings based on high-temperature fillers and their applications in Lost Foam casting process for manufacturing of moldings with in-advance-set properties.

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of CoAl2O4 Coated Co Solid Solution Nanocapsules

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 1256-1259
Author(s):  
Gui Mei Shi ◽  
Ge Song ◽  
Shu Lian ◽  
Jin Bing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectrum ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ferromagnetic State ◽  
Antiferromagnetic Order ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Core ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Magnetic Field

A new type of antiferromagnetic CoAl2O4 coated ferromagnetic Co solid solution is synthesized by arc-discharging. Typical HRTEM images show that the nanocapsules form in a core-shell structure. The size of the nanocapsules is in range of 10-90 nm and the thickness of the shell is about 3-10 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal that the core consists of Co solid solution, while the shell is CoAl2O4. The magnetic field and temperature dependence of magnetizations confirm that the Co solid solution nanocapsules are basically in the ferromagnetic state below Curie temperature. In addition, the antiferromagnetic order occurs with Neél temperature TN of about 5 K. The saturation magnetization of Ms = 76.1 Am2/kg and the coercive force of Hc= 23.28 kA/m are achieved at room temperature for the Co solid solution nanocapsules.

Polymorphs of oxindole as the core structures in bioactive compounds

CrystEngComm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1739-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hachuła ◽  
Maciej Zubko ◽  
Paweł Zajdel ◽  
Maria Książek ◽  
Joachim Kusz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Core

A new polymorph of oxindole (termed as “δ-form”) has been found and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

The manganese oxide mineral, lithiophorite, in an oxisol From Hawaii

Soil Research ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Golden ◽  
JB Dixon ◽  
Y Kanehiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Gradient Magnetic Separation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tropeptic Eutrustox ◽  
Treated Sample

The mineralogical composition of the surface soil horizon (0-15 cm) of Wahiawa soil (Tropeptic Eutrustox) was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and infrared methods. The concentration of lithiophorite decreased with particle size and none was present in the clay fraction as indicated by XRD. Lithiophorite was further concentrated from the crushed sand-sized fraction by HGMS. Hexagonal, electron-dense, often twinned lithiophorite particles were identified by electron diffraction. Differential infrared (DIR) spectra obtained by dissolving Mn oxides in acidified hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HAHC) indicated lithiophorite as the HAHC-soluble Mn-phase. Lithiophorite compositiion, as revealed by chemical analysis of the HAHC extracts, consisted of appreciable amounts of Mn, Al, Zn, Co and Mg, and less than stoichiometric amounts of Li. Sodium hydroxide treatment apparently altered the lithiophorite, as revealed by the DIR spectrum of the hydroxylamine-soluble fraction of the NaOH-treated sample compared with the untreated sample. The high crystallinity of the lithiophorite was suggested by its resistance to chemical dissolution and narrow X-ray diffraction lines. No evidence for the presence of todorokite or birnessite was found, contrary to earlier reports. Examination of sand-sized nodules by scanning electron microscopy indicated large (2-5 �m) platy lithiophorite crystals at the surface of these nodules. Electron microprobe analysis of these platy particles indicated iron enrichment near the surface. The freshly fractured nodule surface revealed numerous unaltered platy crystals of lithiophorite filling the veins of the nodule.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document