scholarly journals Does child gender moderate the relationship between interparental conflict and child outcomes? Findings from the Danish Longitudinal Study of Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Baviskar
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Family System ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The hypothesis that child gender moderates the relationship between interparental conflict (IPC), conceptualized as a normative phenomenon, and child outcomes was evaluated using Danish mother data from the Danish Longitudinal Survey of Children (DALSC), which follows a nationally representative sample of children born in September-October 1995. IPC was assessed at age seven using a five-item scale measuring frequency of quarrels between parents on topics common to daily family life. Child outcomes were evaluated at age eleven using three indicators of internalizing (emotional problems, somatic symptoms, psychological symptoms) and two indicators of externalizing symptoms (conduct problems and hyperactivity). OLS regression analyses indicated, overall, that the longitudinal association between IPC and the chosen outcomes was weak and child gender weakly moderated the association between IPC and child outcomes. Specifically, gender differences were limited only to conduct problems after controlling for the child’s psycho-social adjustment and health characteristics, mother’s depressive symptoms and disciplinary behaviour and parents’ socio-economic status at age 7. Furthermore, contrary to expectations derived from the male vulnerability and differential reactivity models, the IPC-conduct problems association was stronger among girls than among boys. In general, IPC predicted a number of outcomes among girls but did not predict any among boys. These findings suggest that it is important in both academic and professional work to consider that the impact of IPC on boys and girls may vary depending on the nature of the conflict and the type of families affected by it. Furthermore, while IPC may not have a direct impact over time, its effects may continue to be felt through other elements of the family system, such as the parent-child relationship.

scholarly journals Family Dynamics and Children's Outcomes: the Role of Silent Interparental Conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Magdalena Maria Kielpikowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Family System ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Future ◽  
Internalising Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

<p><b>Conflict between parents has been widely studied and its detrimental consequences for children have been documented across domains of psychological functioning, academic performance and social adjustment. Research has focused on the verbal and physical expressions of interparental conflict, however, when tested for, strong indications have been emerging that its non-verbal non-physical forms have similarly serious implications for the young people‟s wellbeing as the overt ones. The scarceness of findings related to covert forms of interparental conflict provided impetus for qualitative research with parents and adolescents (Kielpikowski & Pryor, 2008; Pryor & Pattison, 2007). The research has resulted in proposing a construct of silent interparental conflict (SIC) and provided the conceptual foundation for this thesis. Adopting a systemic approach to the functioning of families characterised by interrelatedness and reciprocity of influences among the members, this thesis investigated processes related to silent interparental conflict through a series of empirical studies with New Zealand families.</b></p> <p>The need for developing the Silent Interparental Conflict Scale (SICS) for parents was rationalised following a review of a comprehensive assembly of representative instruments for measuring couples‟ conflict. The items were derived from the qualitative data corpus (Kielpikowski, 2004). A three factor structure was established and supported by confirmatory factor analyses using data from two samples of parents (Ns = 108 and 260). The SICS demonstrated excellent psychometric qualities and stability over time.</p> <p>The modus operandi of SIC was hypothesises and tested from the perspectives of parents and adolescents. Drawing from multidisciplinary scholarship, predictors and psychological outcomes of SIC for parents were hypothesised. Theoretical models were tested concurrently and after a lapse of one year utilising data from 115 parental dyads. The findings suggested divergent processes for mothers and fathers. The hypothesised links between the incidence and the Costs of SIC and psychological maladjustment were supported concurrently. Additionally, uniquely for mothers, their perception of the Benefits of silent conflict resulted in reduced maladjustment over time. SIC for fathers was consistently predicted by own avoidance of conflict both concurrently and over time. For mothers the consistent concurrent and longitudinal predictor of SIC was the perceived hostility from partner. Protectiveness towards children acted as a concurrent predictor of SIC for mothers and fathers, for whom additionally it predicted SIC over time. Tests for reciprocal influences using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model (Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006) indicated a significant Partner effect from fathers‟ own avoidance to mothers‟ perceptions of SIC. Parents differed significantly on Actor effects with path coefficients higher on conflict avoidance for fathers and on partner‟s hostility for mothers.</p> <p>The impact of SIC on the wellbeing of adolescents was hypothesised within the cognitive contextual framework (Grych & Fincham, 1990) and the spillover hypothesis (Erel & Burman, 1995). Adolescents‟ adjustment was conceptualised as consisting of internalising and externalising problems measured with items from the SDQ (Goodman, Melzer, & Bailey, 1998), and of positive expectations of the future measured with a scale designed for the study. Threat, self-blame and parental SIC-related spillover behaviour represented by hostility towards the adolescents were posed as mediators of the effects of SIC on adolescents‟ adjustment. Separate models were tested for boys and girls and for the parent-child gender constellations. Over time the effect of SIC on boys‟ internalising problems was fully mediated by father‟s hostility. In contrast, the longitudinal effect of SIC on girls‟ internalising problems was fully mediated by the appraisal of threat and the effect on their expectations of the future was fully mediated by mother‟s hostility. Analyses of longitudinal familywide models revealed that fathers‟ perceptions of SIC differentially influenced the boys‟ and girls‟ processes.</p> <p>The findings advance our understanding of the functioning of SIC and highlight the relatedness and the uniqueness of associated processes for family members depending on their gender and role within the family system.</p>

scholarly journals Family Dynamics and Children's Outcomes: the Role of Silent Interparental Conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Magdalena Maria Kielpikowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Family System ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Future ◽  
Internalising Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

<p><b>Conflict between parents has been widely studied and its detrimental consequences for children have been documented across domains of psychological functioning, academic performance and social adjustment. Research has focused on the verbal and physical expressions of interparental conflict, however, when tested for, strong indications have been emerging that its non-verbal non-physical forms have similarly serious implications for the young people‟s wellbeing as the overt ones. The scarceness of findings related to covert forms of interparental conflict provided impetus for qualitative research with parents and adolescents (Kielpikowski & Pryor, 2008; Pryor & Pattison, 2007). The research has resulted in proposing a construct of silent interparental conflict (SIC) and provided the conceptual foundation for this thesis. Adopting a systemic approach to the functioning of families characterised by interrelatedness and reciprocity of influences among the members, this thesis investigated processes related to silent interparental conflict through a series of empirical studies with New Zealand families.</b></p> <p>The need for developing the Silent Interparental Conflict Scale (SICS) for parents was rationalised following a review of a comprehensive assembly of representative instruments for measuring couples‟ conflict. The items were derived from the qualitative data corpus (Kielpikowski, 2004). A three factor structure was established and supported by confirmatory factor analyses using data from two samples of parents (Ns = 108 and 260). The SICS demonstrated excellent psychometric qualities and stability over time.</p> <p>The modus operandi of SIC was hypothesises and tested from the perspectives of parents and adolescents. Drawing from multidisciplinary scholarship, predictors and psychological outcomes of SIC for parents were hypothesised. Theoretical models were tested concurrently and after a lapse of one year utilising data from 115 parental dyads. The findings suggested divergent processes for mothers and fathers. The hypothesised links between the incidence and the Costs of SIC and psychological maladjustment were supported concurrently. Additionally, uniquely for mothers, their perception of the Benefits of silent conflict resulted in reduced maladjustment over time. SIC for fathers was consistently predicted by own avoidance of conflict both concurrently and over time. For mothers the consistent concurrent and longitudinal predictor of SIC was the perceived hostility from partner. Protectiveness towards children acted as a concurrent predictor of SIC for mothers and fathers, for whom additionally it predicted SIC over time. Tests for reciprocal influences using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model (Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006) indicated a significant Partner effect from fathers‟ own avoidance to mothers‟ perceptions of SIC. Parents differed significantly on Actor effects with path coefficients higher on conflict avoidance for fathers and on partner‟s hostility for mothers.</p> <p>The impact of SIC on the wellbeing of adolescents was hypothesised within the cognitive contextual framework (Grych & Fincham, 1990) and the spillover hypothesis (Erel & Burman, 1995). Adolescents‟ adjustment was conceptualised as consisting of internalising and externalising problems measured with items from the SDQ (Goodman, Melzer, & Bailey, 1998), and of positive expectations of the future measured with a scale designed for the study. Threat, self-blame and parental SIC-related spillover behaviour represented by hostility towards the adolescents were posed as mediators of the effects of SIC on adolescents‟ adjustment. Separate models were tested for boys and girls and for the parent-child gender constellations. Over time the effect of SIC on boys‟ internalising problems was fully mediated by father‟s hostility. In contrast, the longitudinal effect of SIC on girls‟ internalising problems was fully mediated by the appraisal of threat and the effect on their expectations of the future was fully mediated by mother‟s hostility. Analyses of longitudinal familywide models revealed that fathers‟ perceptions of SIC differentially influenced the boys‟ and girls‟ processes.</p> <p>The findings advance our understanding of the functioning of SIC and highlight the relatedness and the uniqueness of associated processes for family members depending on their gender and role within the family system.</p>

ECP02-01 - Globalisation and the impact of economic factors on psychiatric disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1795-1795
Author(s):  
D. Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Migration Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionWith the process of globalisation in full flow, the movement of people and products across the globe has brought a series of difficulties. With migration the socio-economic status of the individuals may change with the likelihood that this status will be lower rather than higher, although depending upon the reasons for migration this may change too.ObjectivesLiterature shows that low socio-economic status is associated with a higher level of psychiatric morbidity.AimsWhether migration acts as a mediator needs to be investigated further.MethodsVarious studies have shown that rates of psychosis are elevated in migrants though these rates are differentially increased in different groups indicating that factors other than migration may be at play.ResultsIn this presentation the literature and link the acculturation and cultural identity with post-migration experiences will be reviewed.ConclusionA link exists between the perceptions within cultures and level of economic development of what constitutes mental health. The state of advancement of mental health services of a country will certainly have a large impact on prevalence rates. Further investigation should be carried out to examine in greater depth the relationship between social inequality and disorder prevalence, as distinct from income inequality.

scholarly journals Mediating Effect of Chronic Illnesses in the Relationship Between Psychological Distress and COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110478
Author(s):  
Won Sun Chen ◽  
Ching Sin Siau ◽  
Suzanna Awang Bono ◽  
Wah Yun Low
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health is an emerging problem globally. This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of chronic illnesses in the relationship between psychological health and the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, prior to the national vaccine rollout in Malaysia. An online cross-sectional study was conducted in Malaysia between December 10, 2020, and February 9, 2021. In addition to the descriptive analyses, a mediation analysis was performed to examine the mediating effect of chronic illnesses in the relationship between psychological distress and the willingness to accept the vaccine. A total of 1738 participants completed the survey. The psychological distress levels were found to be significantly different across demographic factors such as age, gender, and social economic status. This study demonstrated a partial mediating effect of chronic illnesses in the relationship between psychological distress and vaccine acceptance.

scholarly journals Distinguishing postpartum and antepartum depressive trajectories in a large population-based cohort: the impact of exposure to adversity and offspring gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1139-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Denckla ◽  
A. D. Mancini ◽  
N. S. Consedine ◽  
S. M. Milanovic ◽  
A. Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Offspring Gender ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundDistinguishing temporal patterns of depressive symptoms during pregnancy and after childbirth has important clinical implications for diagnosis, treatment, and maternal and child outcomes. The primary aim of the present study was to distinguish patterns of chronically elevated levels of depressive symptoms v. trajectories that are either elevated during pregnancy but then remit after childbirth, v. patterns that increase after childbirth.MethodsThe report uses latent growth mixture modeling in a large, population-based cohort (N = 12 121) to investigate temporal patterns of depressive symptoms. We examined theoretically relevant sociodemographic factors, exposure to adversity, and offspring gender as predictors.ResultsFour distinct trajectories emerged, including resilient (74.3%), improving (9.2%), emergent (4.0%), and chronic (11.5%). Lower maternal and paternal education distinguished chronic from resilient depressive trajectories, whereas higher maternal and partner education, and female offspring gender, distinguished the emergent trajectory from the chronic trajectory. Younger maternal age distinguished the improving group from the resilient group. Exposure to medical, interpersonal, financial, and housing adversity predicted membership in the chronic, emergent, and improving trajectories compared with the resilient trajectory. Finally, exposure to medical, interpersonal, and financial adversity was associated with the chronic v. improving group, and inversely related to the emergent class relative to the improving group.ConclusionsThere are distinct temporal patterns of depressive symptoms during pregnancy, after childbirth, and beyond. Most women show stable low levels of depressive symptoms, while emergent and chronic depression patterns are separable with distinct correlates, most notably maternal age, education levels, adversity exposure, and child gender.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING AND ADJUSTMENT OF SINGLE PARENTS: PSYCHOSOCIALAND ECONOMIC CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-1) ◽  
pp. S76-81
Author(s):  
Amina Hanif Tarar ◽  
Huma Asghar ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin Ijaz ◽  
Muhammad Ali Tarar
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Single Parents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To explore the relationship between psychological well-being and psycho-social adjustment ofeconomically independent and dependent single parents belonging to various socio-economic classes. Study Design: Correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at technical services association, Lahore, from Jun 2018 to Aug 2019. Methodology: A sample of 213 single parents with ages ranging from 25 to 50 was selected through purposivesampling. Psychological Well-Being Scale Revisited and Psychological Adjustment Scale were used. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that well-being and adjustment levels of divorced (M=114.17, SD=24.5),(M= 88.89, SD=19.45) single parents was significantly lower than those of widowed (M=136.78, SD=17.68),(M=105.86, SD=10.88) ones respectively. Also, economically independent (M=135.1, SD=20.38), (M=104.0, SD=14.5) single parents had better well-being and adjustment than those who are economically dependent (M=108.3, SD=24.5), (M=85.5, SD=17.1). Furthermore, post-hoc tests revealed significantly low psychological well-being (M=130.72, SD=23.16) and adjustment (M=81, SD=12.23) of single parents from lower social class. Conclusion: The study concludes that socio-economic status and economic independence/dependence have aprofound impact on the psychological wellbeing and adjustment of single parents. These findings will promotethe understanding of single parenting in collectiveistic cultures and may lead towards learning of coping strategies to foster psychological well-being, familial and social adjustments of single parents.

scholarly journals Hubungan Faktor Demografi Dan Dukungan Sosial Dengan Depresi Pascasalin

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurfatimah Nurfatimah ◽  
Cristina Entoh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Postnatal depression is a mental disorder after the birth of her child and can last up to one year. Maternal postnatal mood disorder not an easy matter. The impact can be devastating life of the mother and her child. Currently there are many women who experienced postnatal depression but has not been detected. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between demographic factors and social support in postnatal depression in The Working Area Of Puskesmas Kayamanya.The design of this research is cross sectional. Research subjects were followed for 56 respondents ranging from childbirth to 7 days postnatal. The samples was chosen by using consequtive sampling. The instruments used in this research are the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and standard social support questionnaire. The results reveal that the age is not significantly associated with depression postnatal (p = 0.514) and education (p = 0.154); but it is significantly parity (p = 0.012); economic status (p = 0.030), social support include the family (p = 0.035); friends (p = 0.017); and midwives (p = 0.005). The multivariate analysis reveals that midwifes support (wald=4,236; p= 0,04) is the dominant factor causing postnatal depression.

scholarly journals How Do Mothers’ Parental Attributions Affect Child Outcomes from a Positive Parenting Intervention? A Mediation Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilas Sawrikar ◽  
David J. Hawes ◽  
Caroline Moul ◽  
Mark R. Dadds
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Parenting Intervention ◽  
Parental Attributions ◽  
Harsh Discipline ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Child Conduct Problems ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractProblematic parental attributions refer to negative causal explanations for child problem behaviour and are known to predict parenting intervention outcomes. This study examines alternative accounts of how mothers’ problematic parental attributions, operationalised as negative pre-treatment and change resistant parental attributions during treatment, may affect child behaviour outcomes from a parenting intervention program. Putative mediators included parental feelings about the child and use of harsh discipline. Participants were 163 families with children aged from 3 to 16 referred to specialist clinics for the treatment of conduct problems. Measures were collected as part of pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up assessments. Mothers’ pre-treatment and change resistant parental attributions were associated with smaller improvements in parental feelings at the end of treatment which in turn were associated with greater use of harsh discipline. Greater use of harsh discipline was associated with greater conduct problems overall. Smaller improvements in parental feelings mediated the effects of pre-treatment and change resistant parental attributions on outcomes in mothers’ use of harsh discipline and mediated the effects of change resistant parental attributions on outcomes in child conduct problems. Smaller improvements in parental feelings about the child may act as a mechanism that explains the impact of problematic parental attributions on treatment outcomes.

Stress exposure as a mechanism of the impact of socio-economic status on health quality

2017 ◽  
pp. 471-483
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mentus ◽  
Tatjana Mentus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The subject of this paper is stress exposure as one of the mechanisms through which the socioeconomic status may affect the health. First of all, the nature of the relationship between the socioeconomic status and the health quality, as well as possible mechanisms of relationship between them in general are presented. Then, an overview of the relationship between socioeconomic status and stress exposure is provided, as well as previous research results in this field. Finally, mechanisms by which stress exposure may affect health quality are presented. The largest number of studies indicates a positive correlation between socioeconomic position and health quality and a negative correlation between status and stress exposure, as well as health quality and stress exposure. The results regarding the relationship between socioeconomic status and stress exposure are in this respect the least consistent, mostly due to differences in the conceptualizations and operationalizations, poor representativeness of samples, and other methodological issues, as well as the characteristics of the examined populations themselves. Further, behaviors relevant to health quality, such as diet or physical activity, are to a great extent related to socioeconomic status and stress exposure. Whatever the mechanisms by which the interaction between these variables is explained may be, the socioeconomic status is probably the key for prevention and overcoming stressful situations, and thus, for health in general.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact on inequalities in use of orthodontic services of the introduction of an objective measure of treatment need in Northern Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishan Patel ◽  
Ciaran O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background with rationalePrevious work has shown the existence of a sharp socio-economic gradient with respect to orthodontic services in Northern Ireland. The work demonstrated that those of lower socio-economic status had an odds ratio of 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 - 0.91) compared to those of higher socio-economic status with respect to the consumption of orthodontic services. In response to this, an objective measure of treatment need for such publicly funded services was introduced in 2014. Main AimThis study will use a record-linkage methodology to examine the relationship between use of publicly funded orthodontic care and the introduction of the index of treatment need (IOTN) in Northern Ireland in 2014. Methods/ApproachFollowing a similar approach to that used previously, data related to use of orthodontic services was linked to socio-economic characteristics from the 2011 Census for members of the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study. The relationship between socio-economic status and uptake of orthodontic services in the 3 years before and after the introduction of IOTN will be examined using an interrupted time series analysis as well as by the comparison of concentration indices across the study period. ResultsAll results must be cleared by the Northern Ireland Statistical Research Agency before release. We expect cleared results to be available imminently and anticipate these showing a change in the uptake of publicly funded orthodontic services as well as a reduction in the socio-economic gradient over time. ConclusionThe identification of inequalities in the use of publicly funded services requires an appropriate policy response. We anticipate that the introduction of IOTN as a criterion for access to publicly funded care will have successfully reduced the use of such services unrelated to need and the existence of inequalities in service use conditioned on need.

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