Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Risk Factors in Patients with Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux

Background: Knowing the risk of recurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) can assist clinicians to sort therapeutic decisions. The current study's aim was to assess the association of UTI in VUR. Additionally, UTI recurrence might be predicted by the risk score. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 123 children at department of Paediatric, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, Swat for the duration of one year from 1st July 2020 to 30thJune 2021. Out of 123 children, the group-I had 57 children with documented previous UTIs history while group-II had 66 children with no previous UTIs and was referred to as a control group. All the patients were VUR diagnosed and were thoroughly followed up at a Renal Unit of single tertiary. UTI recurrence was referred to more than one follow-up episode. A regression model was used for independent variables identification regarding UTI recurrence. . A questionnaire on bowel habits was provided to the parents. The abdominal plain film was evaluated by the observer and recorded on the documented scoring system. The constipation history was compared with the radiological and symptomatic scores. Organism single species with > 105/ml count in a single midstream catch of urine sample was reflected as UTI evidence. Result: Out of 123 children, 88 (71.5%) were females while 35 (28.5%) were male. A total of 123 children had been investigated for UTI complaints. After the multivariable analysis adjustment, five recurrent UTIs predictor variables were the clinical presentation of UTI, female gender, reflux several grades, age less than 6 months, and syndrome dysfunction elimination. The UTIs recurrence risk factors were classified as high, medium, and low with prevalence 52 (42%), 41 (34%), and 30 (24%) respectively. The prevalence of UTIs rate per person-month was 10.9 (95% CI, 9.8, 12.7), 8.2 (95% CI, 6.7, 9.1) for medium, and 5.2 (95% CI, 3.3, 5.5) for the low-risk group. Conclusion: The formulation of therapeutic strategies can be done based on prediction model for UTIs recurrence besides early detection of morbidity long-term risk for the patients. Keywords: Vesicoureteral reflux, Urinary tract infection, Dysfunctional voiding, Constipation

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An analysis of urinary tract infections in children up to 24 months of age: a 7-year single-centre follow-up

Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna ◽

10.15557/pimr.2020.0068 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 377-381

Author(s):

Anna Wachnicka-Bąk ◽

◽

Agata Będzichowska ◽

Katarzyna Jobs ◽

Bolesław Kalicki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Renal Scintigraphy ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are the second most common type of bacterial infection in children. Atypical infections may be associated with a higher future risk of chronic kidney disease. The current range of diagnostic tests in children with a history of urinary tract infections is still a subject of discussions. Aim of the study: We attempted to determine the indications for renal scintigraphy and develop a nephrological care model for children aged ≤24 months based on the analysis of urinary tract infections in this group of patients. Materials and methods: We included 61 children aged ≤24 months [42 (68%) girls and 19 (32%) boys], hospitalised in the Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw from 2008 to 2015 due to their first episode of urinary tract infection, in our retrospective analysis. Depending on the result of DMSA static renal scintigraphy performed 6 months after completed treatment of urinary tract infection, patients were classified into 3 groups: normal scintigraphy (group I), irregular tracer uptake indicating a suspicion of post-inflammatory renal pole lesions (group II), and signs of hypodysplasia (group III). The following variables were compared: age at first infection, gender, fever, inflammatory markers, aetiology, ultrasonographic findings, and the results of voiding cystourethrography for vesicoureteral reflux. Results: The median age at the time of first infection was 5.5 months in group I, 7 months in group II, and 7.5 months in group III. Febrile urinary infection was reported in 6/21 patients in group I, 4/19 patients in group II, and 6/21 patients in group III. Increased C-reactive protein was observed in 7/21 patients in group I, 6/19 patients in group II, and 6/21 patients in group III. Recurrent infections were reported for 5/21 children in group I, 8/19 in group II, and 12/21 children in group III. Atypical aetiology of urinary infection was reported for 3/21 patients in group I, 2/19 in group II, and 2/21 in group III. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings were observed in 4/21 patients in group I, 1/19 patients in group II, and 4/21 patients in group III. Vesicoureteral reflux in voiding cystourethrography was reported in 5/21 patients in group I, 8/19 patients in group II, and 10/21 patients in group III. The analysis of all the investigated parameters showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Renal scintigraphy should be performed in the youngest children with a history of urinary tract infection as it was not possible to identify patients with post-inflammatory renal scarring secondary to urinary tract infection based on the course of infection, its aetiology, ultrasound findings and the presence of vesicoureteral reflux. Ultrasonography was not sensitive enough to diagnose renal hypodysplasia in our group of children.

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Risk Factors in Diabetes and Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Compared to Younger Aged Female.

International Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32441/ijms.v1i3.99 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 26-38

Author(s):

Abdulghani Mohamed Alsamarai ◽

Shler Ali Khorshed

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Female Student ◽

Mean Value ◽

Infected Female ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection is common with health impact in women and characterised by failure to treatment and recurrent episodes. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors for the development of urinary tract infection in diabetic and pregnant women in comparison to student female. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted during the period from 1st of June 2015 to the end of January 2016. The population included in the study are 563 women, of them 425 were outpatients, and 138 were inpatients. Their age range between 18 and 80 years, with a mean age of 33.59±15.29 years. Urine samples collected and cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar by spread plate technique. Bacterial colonies with different morphology were selected, purified and identified according to their biochemical characteristics using conventional standard methods. Results: In diabetic women, there were no significant difference in mean age and BMI values between culture positive and culture negative groups. However, pus cell mean scale was significantly higher [P=0.000] in women with urinary tract infection [1.76±1.25] than in those with negative culture [0.69±1.00]. In pregnant women, BMI mean value was significantly [P=0.013] lower in pregnant women with UTI [26.14] as compared to those without infection [26.99]. Pus cell scale mean value was significantly [P=0.000] higher in pregnant women with UTI [1.55] than women with negative UTI [0.85]. While there was no significant difference in mean age between UTI positive and negative pregnant women. In female student, there was a significant difference between UTI infected and non-infected in mean age [P=0.041] and pus cell scale [P=0.000]. However, BMI was not significantly different between infected and non-infected female student. Other risk factors association are variables in the 3 groups when analysed using X2, while AUC and OR show different trends of association between risk factors and UTI. Conclusion: BMI, pus cell scale, child number, delivery method, operation history and hospital setting were significantly associated with culture positivity in the 3 studied groups as determined by AUC. While OR confirmed association with pus sale scale in the 3 groups.

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Infeções do Trato Urinário numa Coorte de Transplantados Renais

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.4959 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 364 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Bispo ◽

Milene Fernandes ◽

Cristina Toscano ◽

Teresa Marques ◽

Domingos Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Female Gender ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious complication following renal transplantation and its frequency is insufficiently studied in Portugal. The aim of this study was to characterize the incidence of urinary tract infections and recurrent urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort observational study, obtained from clinical files of all patients who received a renal transplant at the Hospital of Santa Cruz, from January 2004 to December 2005, with a mean follow-up period of five years or until date of graft loss, death or loss of follow-up. After a descriptive analysis of the population, we used bivariate tests to identify risk factors for urinary tract infections. Results: A total of 127 patients were included, with a 593 patients.year follow-up. We detected 53 patients (41.7%) presenting with at least one episode of urinary tract infection; 21 patients (16.5%) had recurrent urinary tract infection. Female gender was the only risk factor associated with the occurrence of urinary tract infections (p < 0.001, OR = 7.08, RR = 2.95) and recurrent urinary tract infections (p < 0.001, OR = 4.66, RR = 2.83). Escherichia coli (51.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.5%) and Enterobacter spp (9.9%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. Patients did not reveal an increased mortality or allograft loss. However, urinary tract infections were the most important cause of hospital admissions. Discussion: Female gender was the only risk factor for urinary tract infections in this population. Escherichia coli was the most frequent agent isolated. Conclusion: Despite preventive measures, urinary tract infections remain an important cause of morbidity and hospital admissions. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections; Postoperative Complications; Risk Factors; Kidney Transplantation; Portugal.

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Risk factors of multidrug-resistant bacteria in community-acquired urinary tract infections

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v21i1.28 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 214-9

Author(s):

Ertugrul Guclu ◽

Fikret Halis ◽

Elif Kose ◽

Aziz Ogutlu ◽

Oğuz Karabay

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Usage ◽

Advanced Age ◽

History Of ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most seen infection among community. Objectives: In this cross-sectional study we aimed to investigate the risk factors of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria that caused community-acquired UTI (CA-UTI). Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to the Urology and Infectious Diseases policlinics with the diagnosis of CA-UTI were included in the study. A standard form including possible predisposing factors for MDR bacteria was applied. Results: In total, 240 patients (51.3% females) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of participants were 59.8 ± 18.3 years old. Escherichia coli (n =166; 69.2%)was the most frequently isolated bacteria and its incidence was higher in females than in males (p=0.01). In total, 129 (53.8%) of the identified pathogens were MDR bacteria. According to multivariate analysis, the use of antibiotics three or more times increased the risk of infection with MDR bacteria by 4.6 times, the history of urinary tract infection in the last 6 months by 2 times, being male and over 65 years old by 3 times. Conclusion: Doctors should consider prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics in patients with severe UTIs with a history of UTI, advanced age, male gender, and multiple antibiotic usage, even if they have a CA-UTI. Keywords: Urinary tract infection; community acquired; multidrug-resistant; male; multiple antibiotic usage; advanced age.

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TREATMENT OF OBJECTS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN OUTPATIENT (AMBULATORY CARE) SETTINGS

Likarska sprava ◽

10.31640/jvd.7-8.2018(19) ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 109-118

Author(s):

L.F. Matyukha ◽

T. A. Titova

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Outpatient Basis ◽

Results Of Treatment ◽

Group I ◽

Study Process ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Inflammatory Changes

The usage effectiveness of oral antimicrobial drug Flaprox was studied and the dynamics of clinical and laboratory indicators were compared versus with nitrofurans therapy in patients with exacerbation of chronic urinary tract infections on an outpatient basis were evaluated. Thеrе were investigated the results of treatment of 40 patients at the age (39.8 ± 8.9) years with exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis. Patients of the І group (26 persons) received Flaprox 500 mg twice a day 10 days long, group II (14 persons) – nitrofuran 0.1 g 4 times a day 10 days long. The clinical manifestations regression of urinary tract infection in the research/study process was noted in both groups. In the group I, the dynamics of reduction of symptoms of general intoxication and normalization of local symptoms and inflammatory changes in blood and urine has a more pronounced tendency from 5 days of treatment and persisted throughout the course of therapy. Flaprox useing for 10 days allowed to reliably reduce or eliminate dysuria, infection of the urinary tract (bacteriuria), and inflammatory process (leukocythria) without negative changes in the blood biochemistry analysis.

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Catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a surgical intensive care unit

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp140624078m ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (10) ◽

pp. 883-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jovan Mladenovic ◽

Milic Veljovic ◽

Ivo Udovicic ◽

Srdjan Lazic ◽

Zeljko Jadranin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Nosocomial Infections ◽

Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽

Control Group ◽

Surgical Intensive Care

Background/Aim. Because patients in intensive care units usually have an urinary catheter, the risk of urinary tract infection for these patients is higher than in other patients. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and causative microrganisms in patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) during a 6-year period. Methods. All data were collected during prospective surveillance conducted from 2006 to 2011 in the SICU, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia. This case control study was performed in patients with nosocomial infections recorded during surveillance. The cases with CAUTIs were identified using the definition of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The control group consisted of patients with other nosocomial infections who did not fulfill criteria for CAUTIs according to case definition. Results. We surveyed 1,369 patients representing 13,761 patient days. There were a total of 226 patients with nosocomial infections in the SICU. Of these patients, 64 had CAUTIs as defined in this study, and 162 met the criteria for the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified two risk factors independently associated to CAUTIs: the duration of having an indwelling catheter (OR = 1.014; 95% CI 1.005-1.024; p = 0.003) and female gender (OR = 2.377; 95%CI 1.278-4.421; p = 0.006). Overall 71 pathogens were isolated from the urine culture of 64 patients with CAUTIs. Candida spp. (28.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.3%) and Klebsiella spp. (15.5%) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. Conclusions. The risk factors and causative microrganisms considering CAUTIs in the SICU must be considered in of planning CAUTIs prevention in this setting.

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Assessment of risk factors contributing to urinary tract infections in women

International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention ◽

10.18535/ijmsci/v5i3.02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 3577-3579

Author(s):

Dr. Vishal Mishra ◽

Dr. Alok Pratap Singh ◽

Dr. Lal Mani Singh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Sexual Activity ◽

Study Data ◽

Lower Middle Class ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction : Urinary tract infection is a common contagion among men and women but incidence is quite high among women due to their anatomy. The incidence of the infection is higher among sexually active women and the possibilities of encountering the infection after a sexual intercourse is higher. Identified risk factors for such infections include sexual activity, spermicide-based contraception, delayed postcoital micturition, and a history of previous UTIs. OBJECTIVES : To assess socio demographic factors among patients of urinary tract infection. To assess risk factors contributing to urinary tract infection. Material and methods : Total 91 female patients, who were diagnosed to have urinary tract infection were selected in our study. Data regarding socio-demographic and various risk factors was collected and frequency distribution tables were prepared. RESULTS : Majority females (68%) were between 18-45 years old. About 64% patients belonged to rural area, and 90% patients belong to lower, or lower middle class. About 68% patient’s education was below high school and about 74% patients were married. Among risk factors for UTI, we found that sexual activity (in 83%) was most common risk factor for UTI. CONCLUSION: Patient who are exposed to risk factors, should be given special attention by the visiting clinicians, so that early diagnosis can be made and early treatment can be started. Early diagnosis and treatment leads to less complications, morbidities and mortality.

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Evaluation of Serum Metalloprotinase-9 (MMP-9) in Iraqi Men with urinary tract infection

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2017.6.12.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 5558

Author(s):

Hanan D. Abbas

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

United States Of America ◽

Prognostic Biomarker ◽

The United States ◽

Control Group ◽

Strong Relation ◽

Tract Infections

Objective: The inflammation of the urinary tract and its various causes is one of the important diseases, which neglect and non-treatment lead to many amplifications, therefore, many countries including the United States of America has given urinary tract infection ″UTI″ a great interest. Since the disease is sometimes without obvious symptoms and because of research lacking that are using MMP-9. The aim of this work is to study the alterations in the Metalloprotinase-9 (MMP-9), and its role in pathogenicity of urinary tract infections ″UTI″ in serum of men who are initially diagnosed with this disease.Methods: This study was applied in educational Alsader hospital in Najaf city by using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) on serum taken from 42 men infected with UTI, and other 38 healthy considered as a control group to detect MMP-9.Data analysis: SPSS computerizing system has been used for statistically analysis of data. Results: The results revealed a highly significant (P<0. 05) level of ″MMP-9″in serum of patients in comparison with the control group. The result also demonstrated the strong relation between MMP-9 and other parameters such as age and smoking.Conclusion: It was concluded from the results of the present study thatMetalloprotinase-9″MMP-9″ was good prognostic biomarker for ″UTI″ in men, and these results significantly correlate with the early stages of disease.Recommendation: 1-It may be recommended that using MMP-9 to predict and diagnosis the urinary tract infection. 2-It may be also recommended to measure MMP-9 in women to establish its role in this disease

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Associated Risk Factors for Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection among Internally Displaced Pregnant Women in Niger Delta Camps, Nigeria

International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention ◽

10.18535/ijmsci/v8i03.04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (03) ◽

pp. 5275-5281

Author(s):

Faith Diorgu ◽

Maynard Ehianu ◽

Anacletus Francis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Tract Infections

Associated Risk Factors for Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection among Internally Displaced Pregnant Women in Niger Delta Camps, Nigeria Abstract This study investigated associated risk factors for bacterial urinary tract infection among internally displaced pregnant women in Niger Delta camps. The objectives of the study were to determine the association between age, parity, trimester of pregnancy, religion and the incidence of bacterial urinary tract infection among internally displaced pregnant women. The population of the study comprised 108 internally displaced pregnant women who also formed the study sample as no sampling method was adopted due to the limited number of study participants. The tools for data collection was midstream urine samples collected using sterile screw-capped universal containers, the instruments used in isolating the bacterial uropathogens, include Cysteine-Lactose Deficient (CLED) agar, MacConkey and Nutrient agar plates as well as a structured checklist in socio-demographic characteristics of the pregnant women. Descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage were used for data analysis and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was employed in the analytical process. Results from the study showed there was no significant association between age, parity, trimester of pregnancy, and the incidence of bacterial urinary tract infection among internally displaced pregnant women (P>0.05). However, religion was significantly associated with the incidence of bacterial urinary tract infection among internally displaced pregnant women (P<0.05). The study concluded that there is an increasing incidence of bacterial urinary tract infections among internally displaced pregnant women linked to religious beliefs. Based on the study findings, early routine screening of all internally pregnant women presenting or not presenting with clinical symptoms of urinary tract infection is recommended. The need for good personal and environmental hygiene to be encouraged in internally displaced persons’ camps. Keywords: Associated risk factors, Bacterial urinary tract infection, Internally Displaced Women, Camps, Niger Delta

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