Comparison Between Fetal Biometric Measurements (BPD, HC and FL) of Male and Female Fetuses in Population of Pakistan on Antenatal Ultrasound, A Multicentric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2080-2082
Author(s):  
Nuzhat Rafeeq ◽  
Ayesha Niaz ◽  
Lubna Noor ◽  
Anum Sultan ◽  
Durre-E-Shahwar Hayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Antenatal Ultrasound ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Insignificant Difference

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the fetal biometric growth measurements (Head Circumference, Bi-Parietal Diameter, and Femur Length) between male and female fetuses on antenatal ultrasound in our population. Methodology: This was an observational study carried out in the Department of Radiology CMH Malir, Karachi and Ziauddin hospital, Karachi from July 2016 till July 2018 using non-probability sampling technique. A total of 510 pregnant women with second and third trimester were enrolled for the study. The biometric parameters of fetus i.e., Bi-Parietal Diameter, Head Circumference, and Femur Length were established through two-dimensional ultrasound. Chi-square and t tests were used to analyze differences in biometric parameters in both genders. Results: The study results showed significant differences in the Bi-Parietal Diameter and Head Circumference between male and female fetuses (p=0.006 and p=0.003, respectively). Mean Bi-Parietal Diameter in males was 71.47±13.70 and in females it was68.30±11.90cm, mean Head Circumference in males was 264.23±47.87and in females it was 252.03±44.91cm. It has also been observed that there was an insignificant difference in the femur length between male and female fetuses (p= 0.605). Mean femur length was 52.74±12.39 in males and 52.19±11.38 in females. Conclusion: This study concluded that male fetuses have considerably larger bi-parietal diameter and head circumference as compared to female fetuses however, no variation in femur length is observed in both genders. Keywords: Fetal Gender, Bi-Parietal Diameter, Head Circumference, Femur Length.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PRE-MENOPAUSE DENGAN KEJADIAN HIERTENSI PADA WANITA DI RT 11 RW 05 KELURAHAN BANJARBENDO SIDOARJO

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Umamah ◽  
Aprillia Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Analytic Design ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between pre-menopause women with incidence of hypertension in RT 11 RW 05 Banjarbendo village Sidoarjo. Menopause women have increasing blood pressure is higher than pre-menopause women, it caused by decreasing of hormonal levels. Initial data showed in February 2015 in RT 11 RW 05 Banjarbendo village was obtained 6 out of 10 women or 60% women had symptoms of hypertension in pre- menopause women. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between pre- menopause women with incidence of hypertension in RT 11 RW 05 Banjarbendo village Sidoarjo.It use analytic design, with cross sectional approach. The population were 61 women. The sample were 52 respondents taken by simple random sampling technique. The independent variable was the incidence of hypertension and the dependent variable was the incidence of pre-menopause. Data were collected by using check list. Analyzed by chi square test ( α = 0.05 ) . Study results showed almost all pre–menopause women and most women them had hypertension. Results test ρ = 0.001 < α = 0.05. so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted . The conclusion of this study is there is relationship between Pre-menopause with incidence of hypertension In women In RT 11 RW 05 Banjarbendo village Sidoarjo. Suggested for women to understand and have knowledge about the signs of pre-menopause and the incidence of hypertension and Health staff to provide information to the women about the signs of pre-menopause and hypertension .

Workplace Spirituality with Nurse Anxiety During The Covid 19 Pandemic in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3204-3206
Author(s):  
Prestasianita Putri ◽  
Nurul Maurida ◽  
Firdha Novitasari ◽  
Wike Rosalini ◽  
M.Elyas Arif Budiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Workplace Spirituality ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Spirituality At Work ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
The Relationship

As the front line, nurses in carrying out their duties in services during the covid19 pandemic can increase the risk of anxiety. One of the factors that can affect anxiety is spirituality at work. This study aims to analyze the relationship between workplace spirituality and nurses' anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The research design is a correlation with a sample of 130. The study’s independent variable is spirituality at work, while the study’s dependent variable is nurse anxiety. This research uses a quota sampling technique. Data analysis using chi-square and has received a certificate of research ethics. The study results showed a relationship between workplace spirituality and nurses' anxiety during the covid 19 pandemic in Indonesia, p = 0.000. Based on the results of research, workplace spirituality affects the level of risk of anxiety events, especially during the covid19 pandemic, so this needs to get attention from organizations and leaders in the workplace to improve spirituality in the workplace, especially nurses, who are health workers on the front line during this period covid19 pandemic. Keywords: Workplace spirituality, anxiety, nurse

Assessment Of Knowledge Regarding The Dietary Practices Among Osteoarthritis Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maimoona Ashfaq ◽  
Bahisht Rizwan ◽  
Sana Farooq ◽  
Anum Raheem ◽  
Misbah Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Chi Square Test

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major public health issue, as it results in chronic pain, reduces physical function, and diminishes the quality of life. Awareness related to osteoarthritis is needed to improve the condition. Objective: To fnd out the knowledge regarding the dietary practices among osteoarthritis patients, visiting Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Orthopedic and OPD Departments of the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, for 4 months. The data were collected through a pretested questionnaire from 100 osteoarthritis patients using the non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data were tabulated and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 24.0. Frequencies were calculated, and the Pearson chi-square test was applied. Results: The analysis revealed a significant association between level of education, knowledge regarding the dietary practices and progression of the disease. Conclusions: Based on the current study results, patient's level of education had significant association with knowledge, dietary practices, and joints pain and progression of disease among osteoarthritis patients. Majority of patients due to low knowledge about osteoarthritis have poor dietary practices.  

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ASI EKSKLUSIF, POLA MAKAN, DAN VARIAN MAKANAN DENGAN PICKY EATERS PADA ANAK USIA 1-3 TAHUN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Ulva Noviana
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

                   Picky eaters is children who have behavior of refusing the type or group of food and difficultto accept new types of food so that children haveproblems of growth and development.Preliminary study results from 10 respondentsshowed that 6 people had low picky eaters and 4moderate picky eaters. The purpose of this studyis to analyze the relationship between exclusivebreastfeeding,diet, food variants with picky eater The design of this research is analytic withcross sectional approach. Independent variablesare Exclusive Breastfeeding,diet and foodvariants. Dependent variable is Picky Eaters. Thepopulation is 30 respondents.Taken samples are28 respondents. Sampling technique used in thisstudy was systematic random sampling.Instrument in this research is questionnaire andcheck list. Statistical test of diet and food variantsused Spearman Rank, exclusive breastfeedingused Chi Square with α ≤ 0.05. The result of statistical test using ChiSquare and Spearman Rank test for relationshipbetween exclusive breastfeeding ( ASI Exclusive)and Picky Eaters was obtained Pvalue equal to0,045 (0,045 <0,05). While dietary associationand picky eaters were obtained Pvalue equal to0,042 (0,042 <0,05). For the relationship betweenfood variant and picky eaters were obtainedPvalue equal to 0,040 (0,040 <0,05). All threeabove have lower significant than the degree of error. It can be concluded that Ho is rejected andHa accepted so there is relationship betweenexclusive breastfeeding ,diet, food variants with picky Eaters on children aged 1-3 years.

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI USIA PRODUKTIF (25-54 TAHUN)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riska Agustina ◽  
Bambang Budi Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chi Square Test

Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kedungmundu meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedungmundu tahun 2013. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Sampel berjumlah 30 orang pada masing-masing kelompok kasus dan kontrol yang diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan derajat kemaknaan (α) = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun)  adalah faktor genetik (p value=0,019, OR=4,125), obesitas (p value=0038, OR=3,5), kebiasaan merokok (p value=0,017, OR=6,0), konsumsi garam (p value=0,004, OR=5,675), penggunaan minyak jelantah (p value=0,009, OR=4,929) dan stress psikis (p value=0,002, OR=6,417). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah aktifitas fisik (p value=0,065), konsumsi alkohol (p value=0,148), jenis pekerjaan (p value=0,333), pendapatan keluarga (p value=0,531) lama kerja (p value=0,588). Saran bagi penderita hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun) di Kedungmundu supaya lebih meningkatkan status kesehatan dengan lebih teratur memeriksakan kesehatannya, khususnya tekanan darah. Bagi Puskesmas untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang hipertensi. Bagi peneliti lain untuk menambah faktor risiko lain yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi usia produktif. Hypertension  at Kedungmundu Puskesmas was ascending from year to year. The purpose of this study is to find risk factors which related to the Hypertension productive age (25-54 years) at working area health centers Kedungmundu Year 2013. This is a research of analytical survey with casecontrol approach. Sample of 30 people in each case group and controlgroup who were taken using accidental sampling technique. Data analysis using chi square test with degrees of significance (α) = 0,05. The study results show that the risk factor which related to the Hypertension productive age (25-54 years) genetic factor  (p value=0,019, OR=4,125), obesity (p value=0,038, OR=3,5), smooking habit (p value=0,017, OR=6,0), salt consumption (p value=0,004, OR=5,675), use jelantah oil (p value=0,009, OR=4,929) and psychological stress (p value=0,002, OR=6,417). The risk factor which are not related are physical activities (p value=0,065), alcohol consumption (p value=0,148), type of work (p value=0,333), family’s income (p value=0,531) and duration of employment (p value=0,588). The advice to patient hypertension productive age (25-54 tahun) at Kedungmundu to improve their health status by having themselves checked on more regular basis, particularly for their blood pressure. For the public health center to improve knowledge of the hypertension to the public. For the other researcher could find out another risk factors relate to the hypertension.

scholarly journals WITH THE INCIDENCE OF DERMATITIS ON SCAVENGER AT PANGURAGAN KULON VILLAGE CIREBON DISTRICT

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Wanda Aldella ◽  
Jaenudin ◽  
Putri Mutiara Ramandani
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hazardous Waste Management ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Self Protection

Medical hazardous waste management is the process to reducing or eliminating the nature of hazards and toxic. Preliminary study results on scavenger workers which manages medical hazardous waste in Panguragan Kulon Village, Cirebon District were obtained 10 workers, 6 of them (60%), complained of itchy during managing waste, and only 4 workers (40%) who use self protection equipment mask and gloves. The purpose of this research to identify the relationship between medical B3 waste management with incidence of dermatitis on scavengers workers at Panguragan Kulon Village, Cirebon District in 2018. This study using correlation analytic survey, with cross sectional approach. The population is all scavenger workers who manage medical B3 waste in all warehouses at Panguragan Kulon Village, Cirebon District and sampling using a simple random sampling technique. Instrument used in the form of observation sheet. The results Chi-Square is a relationship between the management of medical B3 waste with the incidence of dermatitis in scavenger workers with (p-value = 0,000 < α = 0,05). The recommended implications are increase knowledge and awareness of waste management, especially medical B3 waste and use self-protection equipment and attention to hygiene during work.

scholarly journals Comparison of Selected Distraction Techniques to Alter Pain Responses among Children Receiving Immunization

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
. Lalzampuii ◽  
Archana Maurya
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pain Responses

Background: Immunization plays a vital role in global health for children. Children should have taken routine immunization universally for the prevention of diseases. While receiving immunization, most children are experiencing pain and show anxiety and sadness. In this study, the more effective distraction techniques between toys and music was compared which will also be necessary to apply to children in the forthcoming. Objectives: 1) To assess the alter pain response by toys as a distraction technique among children receiving immunization. 2) To assess the alter pain response by music as a distraction technique among children receiving immunization. 3) To compare the alter pain responses by toys and music as a distraction technique among children receiving immunization. 4) To associate the alter pain responses with selected demographic variables. Methods and Materials: An interventional research approach was used in this study with experimental research design. 60 samples were selected by Simple Random Sampling Technique. A structured demographic questionnaire and FLACC Pain Scale were used to collect the data. Follow-up period was not required as the response of the pain in both groups were immediately assessed during immunization. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software 22.0 and Chi square was used to find the association between the alter pain responses with demographic variables. Results: The finding shows that the mean score of music was 4.33 with SD of ±1.32 when compared to toys 3.70 with SD of ±1.36. The measured ‘t’ value i.e. 2.07 was less than the tabulated value at 5% level of significance. Therefore, toys were more effective when compared to music as a distraction technique (P<0.05) to alter pain responses among children receiving immunization. There were no association between the alter pain responses with demographic variables. Conclusion: As toys were found to be more effective to alter pain responses than music, a related study can be conducted to compare the alter pain responses between male and female children during immunization. This study recommends that a similar study can be replicated to compare and analyze the distraction techniques between male and female to alter pain responses among children. 

scholarly journals Relationship between Gender and Brand Loyalty: A Study with Special Reference to Soap, Noodles and Hair Oil in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Raju Bhai Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

The nature of the relationship between consumers and the brands to which they are loyal is, however, more wide-reaching than consumers’ behaviours and attitudes. Behavioral aspect of male and female may be different because of their choice and selection. Here, the main aim of this study was to identify the relationship between the gender and brand loyalty with reference to Soap, Noodles and Hair oil in Nepal. The study was conducted among the 200 student of private and public school of Kathmandu valley. The simple random sampling technique was used to select the students. Chi-Square Test was used to identify the relationship between the male and females to brand loyalty. The result indicates that there was significant association in brand loyalty of male and female in noodles whereas there was no significant association in brand loyalty in soap and hair oil. The future researcher can explore the factors affecting the brand loyalty of male and female.

scholarly journals Gender differences related to the health and lifestyle patterns of university students

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Jhalukpreya Surujlal
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

One of the transitions from adolescence to adulthood is the admission of students to a university setting. Accompanying this transition is a new-found independence which results in university students having more autonomy over their lifestyles and behaviours. The assumption in this setting is that many students are likely to engage in unhealthy and risky lifestyle behaviours which include alcohol abuse, tobacco use, physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary practices which may adversely affect their health in the long-term. In South Africa, research with regard to health and lifestyle patterns amongst both male and female young adults remains limited. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate whether male and female students differed in relation to their health and lifestyles, as well as the related consequences thereof. A convenience sampling technique was used, where questionnaires were administered to 400 students at three university campuses in the Gauteng province of South Africa. An exploratory data analysis for health factors was used in order to retrieve relevant factors from a factor and regression analysis. Differences in gender were tested by using cross-tabulation for descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis. The study found no statistically-significant differences between genders relating to the three emerging health factors, namely Gastrointestinal, Upper Respiratory Infections and Total Health Problems. However, descriptive statistics of lifestyle habits revealed that more female students exercised, smoked and binged on food than their male counterparts. It was also found that female students reported a higher incidence of stress than male students. It was concluded that university students do indeed engage in behaviours and lifestyles that place them at risk for serious health problems.In die oorgang van adolessensie na jong volwassene, bevind studente hulself binne ’n universiteitsomgewing. Gepaartgaande met hierdie oorgang word nuutgevonde vryheid verkry, wat veroorsaak dat universiteitstudente meer beheer oor hul lewenstyl en gedrag uitoefen. Die waarskynlikheid bestaan dat baie studente in hierdie omgewing betrokke sal raak by ’n ongesonde en gewaagde lewenstyl, wat alkohol misbruik, tabak gebruik, fisieke onaktiwiteit en ongesonde eetgewoontes insluit. Bogenoemde is faktore wat student se gesondheid oor die langtermyn nadelig sal beïnvloed. Navorsing in Suid-Afrika oor gesondheid en lewenstylpatrone van verskillende geslagsgroepe onder jong volwassenes is skaars. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om ondersoek in te stel aangaande geslagsverskille in gesondheid en lewenstyl van studente, asook die betrokke nagevolge daarvan. ’n Gerieflikheids-steekproeftegniek is gebruik waartydens 400 vraelyste aan studente by drie verskillende universiteitskampusse in die Gauteng provinsie in Suid-Afrika versprei is. ’n Ondersoekende data analiese vir gesondheidsfakore is gebruik om toepaslike faktore te verkry vanuit ’n faktor- en regressie analiese. Geslagsverskille is getoets deur gebruik te maak van kruis-tabulering vir beskrywende statistiek asook ’n ‘Chi-square’ analiese. Die studie het geen statisties-betekenisvolle verskille tussen geslagte getoon ten opsigte van die drie gesondheidsfaktore naamlik Gastro-intestinale, Boonste Asemhalingstelsel en Totale Gesondheid Probleme nie. Nietemin het beskrywende statistiek ten opsigte van lewenstyl gewoontes egter onthul dat meer vroulike studente aan fisieke aktiwiteit delneem, rook en hul vergryp aan kos. Daar is ook gevind dat vroulike studente meer gevalle van spanning gerapporteer het as manlike studente. Die gevolgtrekking is dus dat universiteitstudente wel betrokke raak by gedrag en lewenstyle wat hul in gevaar stel vir ernstige gesondheidsprobleme.

scholarly journals Chances of Pneumothorax and Malpositioning of Central Venous Catheters in Internal Jugular Vein Versus Subclavian Vein Routes

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Riffat Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Subclavian Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Central Venous Catheters ◽  
P Value ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: Central venous catheterization (CVC) is being done all over the world. It has specific indications and should be reserved for the patient who has the potential to benefit from it. Catheter related infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. All complications and side effects are dependent on vascular access route. International data shows malpositioning and pneumothorax related to malpositioning to be the most common complications of central venous cannulation. However there is paucity of local data regarding which of the two, IJV or SCV routes are more prone to develop these complications. Aims & Objectives: To compare the incidence of pneumothorax and malpositioning with internal jugular vein (IJV) and subclavian vein (SCV) routes of central venous catheters. Place and duration of study: This randomized control trial was conducted at Department of Anesthesia, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, from 8-12-2014 to 7-6-2015. Material & Methods: The non-probability purposive sampling technique was used in this study. After the approval of Hospital Ethical Committee, 290 patients were included in this study and informed consent was obtained. Demographic profile was also obtained. Patients were randomly divided in two groups by using lottery method. In Group A, CVC was inserted through internal jugular vein while in Group B, CVC was inserted through subclavian vein. During the procedure, malpositioning and pneumothorax were monitored immediately and after 36 hours and were labeled. Patients were shifted to the ward after procedure and were followed-up there. During first 36 hours, chest x-ray for placement of tip of catheter and development of pneumothorax was carried out. Chi-square was used to compare complications in both groups taking p value <0.05 as significant. Results: Malposition was found in 18 cases, (6 from IJV group and 12 from SCV group) (p-value 0.144). Pneumothorax was seen in 12 cases (3 from IJV and 9 from SCV group) (p-value 0.077). Conclusion: Our study results concluded that IJV showed fewer incidences of pneumothorax and malpositioning than SCV technique. However, the difference was not statistically significant.

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