Study of Clinical Forensic Examination Reports and Alleged Offences in Sexual Assault Cases: Civil Hospital Sanghar

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2234-2235
Author(s):  
Nadia Aslam ◽  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Qasim Ahmed Khan Memon ◽  
Ejaz Ahmed Awan ◽  
Abdul Samad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Civil Hospital ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Anal Penetration

Background: Several factors influence the occurrence of genito-anal injuries in sexual assault victims. The occurrence of injuries aids in the future laying of accusations against the accused, making forensic examination, documenting of injuries, and report preparation difficult for healthcare personnel. Aim: To find out the pattern of genito-anal injuries and the circumstances that lead to charges being filed against the accused. Place and Duration of Study: Civil Hospital Sanghar from 1st January 2019 to 31st December, 2019. Methodology: This cross-sectional study Sixty sexual assault cases were incorporated all survivors of rape, paying little heed to age, who announced a background marked by rape to the police or straightforwardly to our tertiary consideration community. Result: Penile-anal penetration is the most common 82.4% and second most common was penile-oral penetration was 75%. Fifty percent of ano-genital bleeding was found in the sexual assault victims and 45.6% were physical assault during sexual assault. Mostly cases were based on incomplete investigation with the highest 47.1%. Conclusion: Although no single event will bring the victim's recovery to a close, the arrest and successful conviction of the offender can be a significant step forward. Contrary to popular assumption, genital damage is not the usual in the aftermath of sexual assault. Keywords: Sexual assault, alleged, offences

scholarly journals Patterns of Sexual Assault victims presenting to the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia: a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Eugine Kaunda ◽  
◽  
Yusuf Ahmed ◽  
Bellington Vwalika ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
The University ◽  
Genital Injuries

Background: Sexual assault, which encompasses defilement and rape, is a public health and public safety problem with the majority of victims being women and children. The consequences of sexual assault include physical injuries, psychological trauma, depression, suicide or suicide attempt and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a long-term consequence. Others are unwanted pregnancies and risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections including the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). There is little information about the conditions under which sexual assault occurs. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of sexual assault victims presenting to the University Teaching Hospital (UTH). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out on sexual assault victims who presented to UTH over a period of four months from December 2013 to April 2014. A total of 160 participants were recruited, 59 from the Gynaecology admission ward (C03) and 101 from the Paediatric Centre of Excellence Child Sexual Assault (PCOE-CSA). Participants were interviewed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire while some data was extracted from victims’ files including documented HIV status. Frequency tables were constructed and characteristics of sexual assault were compared between victims aged below 16 years and those aged 16 years and above. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: The age of 160 victims ranged from 2 to 34 years and the most affected age group was 11-15 years (n=91; 56.9%). Victims were mostly single (n=149; 93.1%), had attained primary education or none (n=102; 63.8%) were unemployed (n=149; 93.1%) and resided in high-density areas (n=144; 90%). Only 7.5% (n=12) of victims tested HIV positive. A positive HIV test occurred 14 times more frequently in victims aged 16 years and above (OR = 14.32, CI = 2.35 – 87.22, P-value < 0.01). Majority of the incidents took place in residential homes (n=110; 68.8%) and these were significantly less common among victims aged 16 years and above (OR = 0.33, CI = 0.11 – 0.98, P-value = 0.05). The majority of perpetrators were known to the victims (n= 119; 74.4%). Sexual assault perpetrated by strangers affected victims aged 16 years and above more than those aged below 16 years (50.0% versus 17.5%; P <0.01). About half of victims (n=84; 52.5%) reported to UTH within 72 hours of assault and these were 4.5 times more likely to be aged 16 years and above (OR = 4.53, CI = 1.23 - 16.73, P-value = 0.02). Genital injuries were present in 70% of victims. The absence of genital injuries was 8 times more in victims aged 16 years and above (OR = 8.46, CI = 2.78 – 25.77, P-value <0.01). Conclusion: The majority of sexual assault victims were younger (<16 years). Younger victims were mostly assaulted by perpetrators known to them, mainly in residential homes while older victims were mostly assaulted by strangers in isolated places. Compared to older victims, younger victims presented more to UTH later than 72 hours the following the assault and sustained genital injuries more. Patters of sexual assault are therefore different in younger victims compared to adults.

Doctor Retention in Ireland - What it may mean for the Global Health Workforce Reform Agenda Comment on "Doctor Retention: A Cross-sectional Study of How Ireland Has Been Losing the Battle"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Hope Taderera
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Medical Graduates

The study of healthcare personnel migration in Ireland reports that most medical graduates plan to leave the country’s health system. It may be possible to address this challenge by understanding and addressing the reasons why young doctors plan to leave. Future studies should contribute to the retention of early career doctors in highincome countries such as Ireland. This will help reduce the migration of doctors from low- and middle-income countries in order to address the global health workforce crisis and its impact on the attainment of universal health coverage in all health systems.

Reported Cases of Sexual Assault in Civil Hospital Sanghar

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2251-2252
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qasim Ahmed Khan Memon ◽  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Nadia Aslam ◽  
Ejaz Ahmed Awan ◽  
Shabir Ahmed Cheena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Civil Hospital ◽  
Assault Victims

Aim: To evaluate the sexual assault against male and female. Study design: Retrospective study Place and duration of study: Civil Hospital Sanghar from 1st January 2020 to 31st December, 2020 Methodology: Forty two cases of sexual assault and recognize the associated factors were enrolled. The age between 6-35 years and either gender were included. Result: There were 28.6% females and 71.4% males, highest victims were among age between 6-18 years was 17(40.5%), illiterate was 23(54.7%), assaulted by a neighbour was 30 (71.4%) and time lapse <1-2 days was 19(45.4%) sexual assaults. Conclusion: Majority of victims were males, assailant relationships of neighbour and illiterate. Keywords: Sexual assault, Victims, Assailants

scholarly journals Women's birth beliefs and associated factors in an obstetrics clinic in the Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
Figen Alp Yilmaz ◽  
Yeter Durgun Ozan
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Consultation Services ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe impact of birth beliefs on pregnancy and delivery are universally recognized, but the factors that affect birth beliefs vary across regions depending on individual and cultural characteristics. This study aimed to determine women's birth beliefs and examine their associated factors.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 548 primiparas in the obstetrics clinic of a university hospital located in the Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey from February to June 2019. Descriptive characteristics, form and the Birth Beliefs Scale were used in data collection. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, T-tests and ANOVA analyses were used.FindingsIt was determined that factors such as age group, income level, any problems during pregnancy and preferred delivery mode statistically affected women's birth beliefs.Originality/valueBased on the findings from this study, healthcare personnel should provide training and consultation services to pregnant women starting from the prenatal period to help ensure a positive labor experience.

scholarly journals Patient Satisfaction in the Peruvian Health Services: Validation and Application of the HEALTHQUAL Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5111
Author(s):  
Fernando Barrios-Ipenza ◽  
Arturo Calvo-Mora ◽  
Félix Velicia-Martín ◽  
Fernando Criado-García ◽  
Antonio Leal-Millán
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

During recent years, public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the health sector have been an attractive alternative for improving healthcare services in developing countries such as Peru. Therefore, it is fundamental to consider a comprehensive set of healthcare qualities, like the HEALTHQUAL scale, when we measure dimensions of healthcare service quality. Currently, no studies have applied HEALTHQUAL in Peruvian hospitals. The purposes of this study were to (1) validate and evaluate the application of the HEALTHQUAL scale to measure user satisfaction in outpatient services at two PPP hospitals in Peru; and (2) test the relationship between user satisfaction, efficiency, and loyalty. A descriptive, cross-sectional study based on the HEALTHQUAL scale was carried out at the end of 2018. The measurement items were satisfaction with healthcare personnel, satisfaction with nonhealthcare personnel, satisfaction with facilities and equipment, perception of efficiency, and trust. The scale was administered to a nonprobability sample of 250 users who attended one of two PPP hospitals—Barton and Kaelin. The application of partial least squares path modeling significantly impacted on the perceived efficiency in the items of healthcare personnel, nonhealthcare personnel, and facilities and equipment. The HEALTQUAL scale demonstrated sufficient validity and thus can be applied for measuring user satisfaction in PPP hospitals.

scholarly journals Occurence of Genotypes of Hepatitis C Virus in Hepatitis C Patients at Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Ikram Ahmed Tunio ◽  
Rukia Farzana ◽  
Muhammad Siddique Rajput ◽  
Qararo Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N ◽  
Civil Hospital ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Hcv Genotyping

Objective: To evaluate frequency of Hepatitis C virus Genotypes in Hepatitis C patients reported at Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 223 hepatitis C patients who fulfilled the criteria at hepatitis OPD of Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. After taken Patient consent, blood sample were collected for HCV genotyping, which were performed by a qualified pathologist. The collected data statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 22 software. Result: Out of 223 patients, male patients were 167 and females patients were 56, rural patients were 130 where as 93 patients were from urban area, 30 patients were of age from 20-25 years, 41 were of age from 26-30 years, 60 were of 31-35 years, 54 were of 36-40 years, 16 were of 41-45 years, 13 were of 46-50 years, 7 were of 51-55 years, 2 were of 56-60 years, out of total n=11 patients have genotype1, n=4 have genotype2, n=204 have genotype3, n=3 have genotype4, n=1 have genotype5, whereas no any patient have genotype 6.     Conclusion: This study concluded that genotype 3 is most dominant among other genotypes in reported patients of hepatitis c virus infection at civil hospital Khairpur.

scholarly journals Injury amongst Medicolegal Cases in Department of Forensic Medicine of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (244) ◽  
pp. 1277-1282
Author(s):  
Arbin Shakya ◽  
Jenash Acharya ◽  
Sunil Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Threatening

Introduction: Victim of injuries presenting to a hospital is a medico-legal issue. So, with medical management, proper documentation of injuries should be done as a legal duty by all physicians attending such cases. The study aims to find the prevalence of injury amongst medicolegal cases inthe Department of Forensic Medicine in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done amongst 328 medicolegal cases presenting at a tertiary center, from January 2019 to February 2021. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 2603202101). Convenience sampling was used to select study samples. After detailed history regarding the incidence, injuries were examined and documented in a performa. The data were entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentagefor binary data. Results: Among 328 cases presenting to hospital for medicolegal issues, 237 (72.25%) (67.40-77.09 at 95% Confidence Interval) had injuries, out of which 170 (71.73%) cases were due to physical assault, 64 (27%) cases due to accident; 2 (1.26%) were undetermined. Majority of victims of injury were adult males, with mean age of 32.41±13.96 years. In most accidental injuries internal organs were also injuries and life-threatening. Conclusions: The prevalence of injuries amongst medicolegal cases was found to be higher in our study in comparison to other studies done in similar settings. Most of the injuries were due to physical assault; however, the majority of road traffic injuries were life-threatening. These road traffic injuries could have been prevented by following a safe system approach to road safety.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sexual Assault and Use of Emergency Contraceptives Among Female Commercial Sex Workers in Dodoma city, Central Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIHURUMA ELIUFOO ◽  
Yohana Swebe Masubho ◽  
Fabiola Vicent Moshi ◽  
Stephen Methew Kibusi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Female Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives

Abstract Background Female Commercial Sex Workers (FCSW) are in a constant risk of being abused by their customers or community. With the increased rate of unwanted pregnancies signify the problem in preventive measures and emergency contraception. This study aimed on assessing prevalence of sexual assault and use of emergency contraceptives among female commercial sex workers in Dodoma city, Tanzania. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 326 female commercial sex workers with a snow ball sampling technique in 10 administrative wards of Dodoma city where by selection of 10 wards from 41 total wards was performed systematically through excel. Results Majority of study respondents 58% were aged between 21 to 31 years. More than a half (51.8%) had experienced sexual assault and majority (64.4%) had never used emergency contraceptives. There was significant relationship between use of emergency contraceptives with variable like ever being pregnant (p = 0.002), ever used drug (p < 0.001), level of education (p = 0.009) and ever heard about emergency contraceptives (p < 0.001). After adjusting for the confounders, the determinants of emergency contraceptives use among female commercial sex workers were level of education; ordinary secondary education (AOR = 0.373 at 95% CI = 0.158–0.878, p = 0.024), College level of education (AOR = 0.131 at 95% CI = 0.036–0.469, p = 0.002), ever used drug (AOR = 0.197 at 95% CI = 0.197–0.608, p < 0.001) and ever heard about emergency contraceptives (AOR = 6.2 at 95% CI = 3.443–11.17,p < 0.001). Conclusion FCSW suffer a significant sexual assault which most of them are afraid to report these assaults basing on the nature of worker being illegal. Most of them heard about emergency contraceptives but few of them are consuming them in their protection against unwanted and unplanned pregnancy.

Sexual victimization, PTSD, depression, and social support among women survivors of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti: a moderated moderation model

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (15) ◽  
pp. 2587-2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Mary Cénat ◽  
Kevin Smith ◽  
Catherine Morse ◽  
Daniel Derivois
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Received Social Support ◽  
Moderation Model ◽  
Peritraumatic Distress

AbstractBackgroundIn 2010, an important earthquake devastated Haiti and caused thousands of deaths. In a social context where women are particularly vulnerable, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between sexual assaults experienced by women before the earthquake, the earthquake exposure, the traumatic consequences, and their satisfaction of social support received.MethodsA total of 660 women aged 18 to 86 completed questionnaires assessing exposure to the earthquake, sexual assault victimization, peritraumatic distress, Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and social support. A moderated moderation model was computed to examine associations between exposure to the earthquake, sexual assault, social support, and traumatic consequences.ResultsResults showed that 31.06% of women were victims of sexual assault before the earthquake. They presented higher prevalence of peritraumatic distress, PTSD, and depression symptoms, compared to non-victims. The moderated-moderation model showed that sexual assault and exposure to the earthquake were positively associated with traumatic consequences (respectively, B = 0.560, p < 0.001; B = 0.196, p < 0.001), while social support was negatively associated with them (B = −0.095, p < 0.05). Results showed a triple interaction: women victim of sexual assault who were satisfied with received social support are less likely to develop traumatic consequences after being exposed to the earthquake(B = −0.141, p < 0.01).ConclusionsBy demonstrating the role of sexual assault in the development of mental health problems after the Haitian earthquake, this study shows the importance for clinicians to investigate interpersonal trauma experienced before or following natural disasters among survivors. Results also indicate the key role of family and communities to help survivors build resilience and coping strategies with their social support.

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