scholarly journals ADULTERATION IN MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HERBAL DRUGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raviraja Shetty G. ◽  
Harsha R.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Vernacular Names ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Common ◽  
Effective Source

Medicinal plants are considered as an effective source of traditional and modern medicine. In 20th and 21st century due to side effects of synthetic drugs, there is an increasing interest in Ayurvedic proprietary medicines. In India, about 80% of the rural population depends on medicinal herbs and/or indigenous system of medicine for primary health care. Adulterants and substitutes are the common malpractices in herbal raw material trade. Adulteration is considered as an intentional addition of foreign substances to increase the weight of the product or to decrease its cost. It may be due to Confusion in vernacular names, Lack of knowledge about authentic plants, Non availability, Similarity in morphology, activity, aroma, Careless collection and other unknown reasons. So, understanding of all the ways of adulteration and substitution is necessary to rectify this illegal act and maximizing consumer's safety.

scholarly journals Controversy, Adulteration and Substitution: Burning Problems in Ayurveda Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneshwar Keshari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Ayurvedic Drugs ◽  
The Common

Ayurveda is an Indian traditional system of medicine. In present era, world is looking towards herbal medicine because of acceptability and safety. Medicinal plants constitute an effective source of Ayurvedic and other traditional system of medicines as well as modern medicine. In India, about 80% of the rural population depends on herbal medicines in primary health care level. A large percentage of plants used in herbal industries are subject of controversy. Non-availability of plants, poor understanding and parallel evolved knowledge systems are some of the reasons attributed to it. The existing practices of polynomial nomenclature system of Sanskrit, different perceptions in various communities, vernacular equivalents, all are cumulative factors for controversy, adulteration and substitution. “ Sandigdha Dravaya “ is a term used for that type of medicinal plants which are mentioned in Ayurvedic classics but their exact botanical source is not known. Adulterants and substitutes are the common practices in herbal raw material trade. Adulteration is a debasement of an article. The motives for intentional adulteration are normally commercial that which involves deterioration, admixture, sophistication, inferiority, spoilage and other unknown reasons. Substitution is a replacement of equivalent drugs in place of original drugs. The principles to select substitute drugs are based on similar Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka and mainly the Karma. At present the adulteration and Substitution of the herbal drugs is the burning problem in herbal industry and in Ayurvedic practices. So it is necessary to develop reliable methodologies for correct identification, standardization and quality assurance of Ayurvedic drugs.

scholarly journals Ethnobotany of medicinal plants used by the Zafimaniry clan in Madagascar

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-494
Author(s):  
Andriamalala Rakotondrafara ◽  
◽  
Roland Rakotondrajaona ◽  
Marrino Rakotoarisoa ◽  
Michel Ratsimbason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Vernacular Names ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Abdominal Colic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reported Data

During an ethnobotanical survey conducted among the Zafimaniry clan in the Amoron'i Mania region of Madagascar, 164 medicinal plants species from 138 genera and 73 families are recorded to be used by local people to treat 65 different types of human diseases. The most prescribed species belong to Asteraceae (30 species), Fabaceae (8 species), Rubiaceae (7 species) Poaceae (6 species) and Solanaceae (7 species) botanical families. Helichrysum was the most cited genus with 6 species. The main pathologies treated with medicinal plants are abdominal colic (10.5%) using 25 species, cough (7.2%, 23 species), intestinal parasites (6.3%, 20 species) and diarrhea (5.8%, 25 species). The vernacular names and the recipes of used plants are also reported. Data are collected by interviewing 191 informants aged between 16 and 100 using standardized questionnaires. The present study shows that the Zafimaniry people use a large number of medicinal plants for their primary health care. Some of the recorded plants are new in the Malagasy ethnopharmacopoeia

scholarly journals A study on the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of Diarrhoea and Dysentery in Khag tehsil of District Budgam of Jammu and Kashmir

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Tawseef Ahmad Mir ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Khare ◽  
Muatasim Jan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Primary Health

People are using medicinal plants to alleviate diseases since the time immemorial. The present paper enumerates a total of 25 medicinal plants belonging to 19 families used for the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery diseases in Khag tehsil of district Budgam, Jammu and Kashmir. Asteraceae was the dominant family. Leaves were found to be dominant plant used for the preparation of herbal remedies. It was found that in this era of modern medicine, people are still relied on traditional medicine to get their primary health care. It was also revealed medicinal plants are under serious threat and needs to be conserved as so as to enjoy this legacy in future too.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: History, Stages, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Fauzi Al-Rubaye ◽  
Mohanad Jawad Kadhim ◽  
Imad Hadi Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Natural Drugs

The pharmacological mechanisms of the medicinal plants traditionally used for RA in Persian medicine are discussed in the current review. Further investigations are mandatory to focus on bioefficacy of these phytochemicals for finding novel natural drugs. Rheumatoid arthritis is chronic, progressive, disabling autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation of joints, damaging cartilage and bone around the joints. It is a systemic disease which means that it can affect the whole body and internal organs such as lungs, heart and eyes. Although numbers of synthetic drugs are being used as standard treatment for rheumatoid arthritis but they have adverse effect that can compromise the therapeutic treatment. Unfortunately, there is still no effective known medicinal treatment that cures rheumatoid arthritis as the modern medicine can only treat the symptoms of this disease that means to relieve pain and inflammation of joints. It is possible to use the herbs and plants in various forms in order to relieve the pain and inflammation in the joints. There are so many medicinal plants that have shown anti rheumatoid arthritis properties. So the plants and plant product with significant advantages are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The present review is focused on the medicinal plants having anti rheumatoid arthritis activity

scholarly journals Herbal medicine use and its associated factors in the region of Sousse (Tunisia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Limam ◽  
J Sahli ◽  
I Khalfallah ◽  
M Mellouli ◽  
M Ghardallou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers ◽  
Health Care Centers

Abstract Background Patients use medicinal plants as the first-line treatment for many chronic and acute medical conditions. The lack of access to conventional health care, historical, cultural and economic considerations contributes to the important use of these plants. The purpose was to identify medicinal plants used by primary Health Care Centers' visitors in the region of Sousse (Tunisia) and to assess its associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among Primary health care centers' visitors of the region of Sousse (Tunisia) in 2018. We randomly selected 18 primary health centers and 50 participants were chosen from each center. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire, filled through a direct interview with participants which explores: socio-demographic variables and medicinal plants' use (name of plants, symptoms, methods of preparation, routes of administration, plant source, tolerance and side effects). Results 900 persons were included with a female predominance (72.4%). The median age of participants was 48 years ranging from 18 to 93. 65.2% (n = 587) of them report using medicinal plants to heal. The most common sources of information were family (90.5%), beliefs and traditions (56.4%). Fifty-three (53) plants were used to treat different disorders. The most used plants are: verbena (81.6%), rosemary (53.3%), mint (52%) and thyme (45.1%). The most reported treated symptoms were: flu and gastro-intestinal disorders. Plants utilization was associated to: lower age, female gender, marital status, high level of education and social existence of protection coverage. Conclusions Plants use should be based on well-conducted scientific results specifying the mechanism of action of plants, the therapeutic and toxic dose through researches on local plants samples and extracts. Key messages It seems essential to train health professionals on herbal therapy during their studies and practice. The further step after this picture of the herbal medicine use in the Region of Sousse, is to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of their use.

Indigenous Medical Plants: Of what Value to Primary Health Care in Rural Ghana?

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kofi P. Quan-Baffour
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Health Care Delivery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Government

Ghana was colonised in 1482 when Europeans, accompanied by a number of missionaries, arrived at a small coastal town called Edina in the present day Central Region. Colonialism brought with it Western education, religious values, and medical care. The missionaries opened schools, clinics, and hospitals in several parts of the country but these facilities were not available in many remote areas. Before colonisation Ghanaians made medicines from plants to cure sicknesses and diseases. Although the missionaries and the colonisers regarded African medicine as fetish and attempted to annihilate it—Ghanaians—especially those living in areas without hospital facilities, continued to rely on local medicines for curing illnesses. Medicinal plants such as the neem tree, lemon, moringa, ginger etc., are used as concoctions to alleviate the symptoms of malaria, headaches, boils, diabetes, high blood pressure, and stomach pains. When the government recently introduced primary health care, indigenous medicines became a de facto partner in health care delivery, particularly in the rural areas where hospitals and medical facilities are inadequate. This study employed qualitative methods to explore the value of indigenous medicinal plants in the country’s primary health care programme. The study found that indigenous medicine plays an important role in health care delivery because it is accessible and affordable. Even people who visit hospitals still use indigenous medicines side by side with the pharmaceutical drugs offered by medical practitioners.

Gambaran Farmakoterapi Pasien Common Cold Di Puskesmas Pekanbaru

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Dimas Pramita Nugraha ◽  
Inayah Inayah
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Primary Health Center ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Common

Common cold is still a disease with the most number of cases in Indonesia and the province of Riau in out patientswho visited the primary health center (Puskesmas). However, in primary health care, like Puskesmas and privatepractice physicians are expected pharmacotherapy common cold is not rational. Medication errors is a common problem.The purpose of this study was to determine how the use of pharmacotherapy in patients with the common cold inPuskesmas Pekanbaru. This study was an observational descriptive , with a total sample 4602 people who meet thespecified criteria .The results showed that the percentage patients common cold using symptomatic analgesic-antipyreticdrugs 70.2%.However, the percentage of patients that using antibiotics in common cold is still quite a lot (36%), alsothe use corticosteroid (17,9%) that showed medication error. The patterns pharmacotherapy of common cold inPuskesmas Pekanbaru was relatively good, but need improvement .

Recent Advances in Standardization of Herbal Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjoo Kamboj ◽  
Ishtdeep Kaur ◽  
Narinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Hyphenated Techniques ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Metabolic Fingerprint

Background: Herbal drugs play a significant role to maintain the human healthiness and to treat the ailments since the dawn of civilization. Moreover, these plants have provided many lead compounds that culminated in modern medicine. A single herb is regarded as mini-combinatorial library of phytoconstituents hence the quality control of herbal drugs in an herbal formulation is not an easy task because a number of factors impact their pharmacological efficiency and consistent therapeutic effects. Hence, to provide consistent beneficial therapeutic effects, standardized herbal products of consistent quality and purity are required. Methods: This review is based on publications obtained by a selective search in PubMed using the keywords “Standardized herbal products”, “fingerprinting”, “authentication”, “chemometric, hyphenated techniques”, “quality control of herbal drugs”, “identification”. Results: In the era of modernization, chromatographic techniques coupled with sophisticated spectroscopic analytical methods are used in estimating the authenticity, identity and characteristic of herbal products. Further, with the advancement of computer technology, chemometrics methods have become a leading tool with an unsupervised pattern recognition technique for handling multivariate data without prior knowledge about the studied samples and mines more beneficial and valuable information about the chemical entities from the raw data. Conclusion: Standardization of HDs chromatographic fingerprint is not always a perfect way to present all compounds. To assess the quality of medicinal plants, new ways are regularly being explored such as combination chemical fingerprint with biological methods, biofingerprint and metabolic fingerprint quality metrology, pharmacodynamics and export system of medicinal plants have been researched in some groups but still a significant amount of work is required to achieve a perfect system for quality evaluation of herbal drugs. Further, novel chemometric techniques have been unfolded that mines more beneficial and valuable information about the chemical entities from the raw data. So this review emphasis mainly on hyphenated techniques associated with chemometric method used in herbal drugs for identifying more valuable information and various methods for providing data, among which most commonly used techniques are chemometric resolution method and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method.

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