scholarly journals Controversy, Adulteration and Substitution: Burning Problems in Ayurveda Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneshwar Keshari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Ayurvedic Drugs ◽  
The Common

Ayurveda is an Indian traditional system of medicine. In present era, world is looking towards herbal medicine because of acceptability and safety. Medicinal plants constitute an effective source of Ayurvedic and other traditional system of medicines as well as modern medicine. In India, about 80% of the rural population depends on herbal medicines in primary health care level. A large percentage of plants used in herbal industries are subject of controversy. Non-availability of plants, poor understanding and parallel evolved knowledge systems are some of the reasons attributed to it. The existing practices of polynomial nomenclature system of Sanskrit, different perceptions in various communities, vernacular equivalents, all are cumulative factors for controversy, adulteration and substitution. “ Sandigdha Dravaya “ is a term used for that type of medicinal plants which are mentioned in Ayurvedic classics but their exact botanical source is not known. Adulterants and substitutes are the common practices in herbal raw material trade. Adulteration is a debasement of an article. The motives for intentional adulteration are normally commercial that which involves deterioration, admixture, sophistication, inferiority, spoilage and other unknown reasons. Substitution is a replacement of equivalent drugs in place of original drugs. The principles to select substitute drugs are based on similar Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka and mainly the Karma. At present the adulteration and Substitution of the herbal drugs is the burning problem in herbal industry and in Ayurvedic practices. So it is necessary to develop reliable methodologies for correct identification, standardization and quality assurance of Ayurvedic drugs.

scholarly journals ADULTERATION IN MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HERBAL DRUGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raviraja Shetty G. ◽  
Harsha R.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Vernacular Names ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Common ◽  
Effective Source

Medicinal plants are considered as an effective source of traditional and modern medicine. In 20th and 21st century due to side effects of synthetic drugs, there is an increasing interest in Ayurvedic proprietary medicines. In India, about 80% of the rural population depends on medicinal herbs and/or indigenous system of medicine for primary health care. Adulterants and substitutes are the common malpractices in herbal raw material trade. Adulteration is considered as an intentional addition of foreign substances to increase the weight of the product or to decrease its cost. It may be due to Confusion in vernacular names, Lack of knowledge about authentic plants, Non availability, Similarity in morphology, activity, aroma, Careless collection and other unknown reasons. So, understanding of all the ways of adulteration and substitution is necessary to rectify this illegal act and maximizing consumer's safety.

scholarly journals Medicinal and Aromatic plants: “Natural bio-chemicals and medicine factories”

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 691-698
Author(s):  
Vandana ◽  
Rajesh Lather ◽  
Sridevi Tallapragada ◽  
Gurnam Singh
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
The World

Since thousands years back approximately around 900 BC, medicinal plants are considered as a source of many biomolecules with therapeutic potential. Herbal medicines are considered as safer, better, physiologically compatible and costeffective. The oldest evidence of medicinal and aromatic plants depicts that with the emergence of human civilization, plants have been considered as the main source to heal and cure various serious ailments. It has been proven that the secondary metabolites e.g. alkaloid, glycosides, flavonoides, steroids etc present in the medicinal plants possesses ability to prevent occurrence of some of the diseases, means medicinal plants acts as a “preventive medicine”. Medicinal plants have a paramount importance and a great interest due to its pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutritional values. Some plants are also considered as an important source of nutrition and are known to have a variety of compounds with potential therapeutic properties. India is the principal repository of large number of medicinal and aromatic plants or we can say India is one of the rich mega-biodiversity countries of the world. Medicinal plants are “backbone” of traditional medicinal system (TMS). Crude drugs are usually dried parts of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) such as roots, stems, wood, bark, seeds, fruits, flowers, leaves, rhizomes, whole plant etc. that form the essential raw material for the production of medicines in various systems of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Tibatian, Tribal and Homeopathy. According to the survey of the World Health Organization (WHO), about 80% of the world population are using herbs and other traditional medicines for their primary healthcare and have established three kinds of herbal medicines: raw plant material, processed plant material, and herbal products. Now days, variety of available herbs are used throughout the world and they continue to promote good health. As the benefits from medicinal and aromatic plants are recognized, these plants will have a special role for humans in the future. The present review on medicinal and aromatic plants revealed similar combination of studies.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Nanosynthesis of Linum Usitassimum [Flax Seeds] Used in Hypothyroid Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-751
Author(s):  
Namita Bharadwaj ◽  
Naved siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Flax Seeds

Medicinal plants are the richest biosource of drugs of traditional system of medicine. Flax seeds (Linum usitastassimum L) is a multipurpose crop and its consumption is beneficial for health. Flax seeds is a abundant spring of healthy fat, antioxidant and fibre. The nutrient in flax seeds may help under risk of diabetes, cancer, cardiac disease and thyroid. The present study deals with qualitatitive analysis of phytochemicals by the standard method of Harbone .followed by the extraction of seed oil by sohxlet apparatus using petroleum ether as solvent. Quantitative analysis were also done to determine the amount of such phytochemicals. Phytochemicals analysis of flax seeds showed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids and flavonoids in varying amounts which can be used in future for preparation of herbal drugs. Nanosynthesis of flax seeds were also done by using silver nitrate and silver nanoparticle were prepared. Characterisation of silver nanoparticle by U.V Spectroscopy,SEM and EDX Analysis And FTIR Analysis.

scholarly journals Standardization of Herbal Drugs – A Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Umamaheswari ◽  
R. Muthuraja ◽  
M. Kumar ◽  
B.S. Venkateswarlu
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Herbal Formulations ◽  
Dosage Formulation

The medicinal plants are important source for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Medicinal plants & herbal medicines account for a significant percentage of the pharmaceutical market. As the side effects of Synthetic medicine have started getting more apparent, majority of formulation are prepared from herbs. The herbal medicines however, suffer from lack of standardization parameters. The main limitation is the lack of standardization of raw materials, of processing methods and of the final products, dosage formulation, and the non existence of criteria for quality control. Herbal formulations have reached extensive acceptability as therapeutic agents for several diseases. The development of authentic analytical methods which can reliably profile the phytochemical composition, including quantitative analyses of marker/bioactive compounds and other major constituents, is a major challenge to scientists. Standardization is an important step for the establishment of a consistent biological activity, a consistent chemical profile, or simply a quality assurance program for production and manufacturing of herbal drugs.

Recent Advances in Standardization of Herbal Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjoo Kamboj ◽  
Ishtdeep Kaur ◽  
Narinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Hyphenated Techniques ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Metabolic Fingerprint

Background: Herbal drugs play a significant role to maintain the human healthiness and to treat the ailments since the dawn of civilization. Moreover, these plants have provided many lead compounds that culminated in modern medicine. A single herb is regarded as mini-combinatorial library of phytoconstituents hence the quality control of herbal drugs in an herbal formulation is not an easy task because a number of factors impact their pharmacological efficiency and consistent therapeutic effects. Hence, to provide consistent beneficial therapeutic effects, standardized herbal products of consistent quality and purity are required. Methods: This review is based on publications obtained by a selective search in PubMed using the keywords “Standardized herbal products”, “fingerprinting”, “authentication”, “chemometric, hyphenated techniques”, “quality control of herbal drugs”, “identification”. Results: In the era of modernization, chromatographic techniques coupled with sophisticated spectroscopic analytical methods are used in estimating the authenticity, identity and characteristic of herbal products. Further, with the advancement of computer technology, chemometrics methods have become a leading tool with an unsupervised pattern recognition technique for handling multivariate data without prior knowledge about the studied samples and mines more beneficial and valuable information about the chemical entities from the raw data. Conclusion: Standardization of HDs chromatographic fingerprint is not always a perfect way to present all compounds. To assess the quality of medicinal plants, new ways are regularly being explored such as combination chemical fingerprint with biological methods, biofingerprint and metabolic fingerprint quality metrology, pharmacodynamics and export system of medicinal plants have been researched in some groups but still a significant amount of work is required to achieve a perfect system for quality evaluation of herbal drugs. Further, novel chemometric techniques have been unfolded that mines more beneficial and valuable information about the chemical entities from the raw data. So this review emphasis mainly on hyphenated techniques associated with chemometric method used in herbal drugs for identifying more valuable information and various methods for providing data, among which most commonly used techniques are chemometric resolution method and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method.

scholarly journals A Review on Ethnomedicinal Plants of Nimar Area in Madhya Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragati Jaiswal ◽  
Bharti Jain
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Central India ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Different Parts

Medicinal plants are a boon for disease. Nature has provided a rich botanical wealth with diverse plantation in different parts of India. Medicinal plants are useful for human ailments because of the presence of bioactive constituents or phytochemicals which are secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponin, glycosides, lactones, steroids etc. Due to the rapid extension of side effects of allopathic medicines, Herbal medicines are becoming popular day by day as Herbal drugs are safe, cheaper and easily available with therapeutic properties. In Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh, lots of common medicinal plants are available that are used by Nimari people and tribes as remedy to cure diseases. Nimar is the south western region of Madhya Pradesh state in west central India. The present paper provides information on 52 medicinal plants of Nimar area.

scholarly journals Herbal Drugs Used in Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Rana ◽  
Ramandeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Main Complication

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common of the endocrine disorders. It is an important human ailment, afflicting many, from various walks of life in different countries. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is expected to reach up to 4.4% in the world by 2030. Among all type of diabetes, type 2 diabetes is main complication. Currently available treatment option in modern medicine have several adverse effects. Therefore, there is a need to develop safe and effective treatment modalities for diabetes. Medicinal plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus especially in developing countries where resources are meager. This article presents a review on some reported anti-diabetic medicinal plants

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and Gene Expression Research on Kras Gene in Lung Cancer Cell Line of A549 Treated with Tinospora Coridifolia Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 295-297
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Lung Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Kras Gene ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

There has been global resurgence of interest in herbal drugs in the recent past. Though herbal medicines are effective in the treatment of various ailments very often these drugs are unscientifically exploited or improperly used. Therefore, these herbal drugs deserve detailed studies in the light of modern medicine. In spite of synthetic drugs, herbal drugs have their place in therapy. Their effectiveness, low-cost and comparative freedom from serious toxic effects makes these medicines not only popular but also an acceptable mode of treating diseases even in modern times. Medicinal plants are those plants that are used in treating and preventing specific and human has been using herbs for generations around the world, due to charm needed to cure the disease, many people have come to the conclusion that even chemical drugs their answers may already be sick of these medications may be harmful for health them in the future. Still, the use of plants as a source of medicine is very much important for human beings. Identify medicinal and how to use them is so important.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cytotoxic and Gene Expression of KRAS Gene in Lung Cancer Cell Line of A549 Treated with Tinospora Coridifolia Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S3) ◽  
pp. 1149-1152
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Lung Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Lung Cancer Cell ◽  
Kras Gene ◽  
Medicinal Properties

There has been global resurgence of interest in herbal drugs in the recent past. Although herbal medicines are very often efficient in treating different ailments, these medications are either unscientifically utilized or misused. Thus, in the light of modern medicine, these herbal drugs deserve thorough research. Medicinal properties consist of those plants that are used in treating and preventing specific and human has been using herbs for generations around the world, due to charm needed to cure the disease, many people have come to the conclusion that even chemical drugs their answers may already be sick of these medications may be harmful for health them in the future. Still, the use of plants as a source of medicine is very much important for human beings. Identify medicinal and how to use them is so important.

scholarly journals Optimasi Metode 1H-NMR Profiling pada Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Caroline Dwiseptianti ◽  
Febri Adi Susanto ◽  
Yekti Asih Purwestri ◽  
Tri Rini Nuringtyas
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Natural Medicine

The use of medicinal plants is increasing due to the lack of side effects caused and the number of bioactive compounds that cannot be represented by synthetic chemical synthesis compounds. However, the management and use of natural medicines for the main handling of diseases are often hampered by the quality of the ingredients which are low and unstable. The standardized quality control system of OAI (Indonesian Natural Medicine) is the main key to improve clinical assurance and safety of the use of herbal medicines in Indonesia. One of the medicinal plants known to the public is Curcuma longa L. (turmeric). The main active components contained in turmeric are curcumin, demetoksikurkumin, bis-demetoksikurkumin, and ar-turmeron. Information about the quality of turmeric is needed in its use as a raw material for drugs so we need an analytical technique that is able to identify the diversity of metabolite profiles of active compounds. In this research, an optimization method is used to improve efficiency in the extraction of turmeric rhizome metabolites so that the best solvent concentration is known for the analysis of fingerprinting secondary metabolites with 1H-NMR 500 MHz spectroscopy in turmeric rhizomes. The results were analyzed with MNOVA software and chemical shift obtained compared with the reference. From the results obtained a concentration of methanol-d4 (CD3OD) 100% able to extract curcumin better than other solvents. The solvent is able to extract saccharide (sugar) compounds in the form of sucrose, amino acids and fatty acids in the form of methionine, glutamine, acetate, and glycero phospho choline.

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