Education policy-making in Hong Kong : the political exchange relationship between the government and interest groups

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sze-sze Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The Political ◽  
Exchange Relationship ◽  
The Government

scholarly journals Changing the heart and soul? Inequalities in Finland’s current pursuit of a narrow education policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-661
Author(s):  
Tuomas Tervasmäki ◽  
Mari-Anne Okkolin ◽  
Ilkka Kauppinen
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Political ◽  
Educational Equality ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Nordic Welfare State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
Government Change

The Finnish educational system is well known for its excellent learning results, highly trained teachers and egalitarian values. However, when the political leanings of the government change, its policies are usually altered as well. In this policy report we give an account of the recent changes and current trends in Finnish education policy. We analyse the characteristics of the Sipilä Government’s current education policy since 2015 and compare it to the Nordic welfare-state ideals of universalism, equality and social justice which have traditionally been the key building blocks of the Finnish education system. The Government’s policy appears to be narrow-minded and ignorant of issues related to educational equality, stressing instead the importance of a flexible workforce and national competitiveness. We will reflect on the characteristics of Finnish education policy in light of the debate regarding academic capitalism and as part of an overarching trend of social inequality in Europe.

The Influence of Interest Groups on Government

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
Nicolás Cherny
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Exchange Rate Regime ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Tradable Goods ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

Interest groups’ influence on government affects economic policy making and has an impact on economic crises. Under Argentina’s convertibility exchange-rate regime until its collapse in 2001, tradable-goods entrepreneurs’ preferences depended on the degree to which the government offered them trade-offs either to offset the loss of competitiveness stemming from the currency peg or to exempt them from the costs of devaluation. For the nontradable sector and investors the costs of maintaining the peg to the dollar were always less than those entailed in abandoning the regime. While the fiscal and external inconsistencies of convertibility reduced the preference of the International Monetary Fund for maintaining convertibility, the cost of changing it induced the Fund to continue financing the Argentine government. Moreover, the influence exerted on the IMF by the governments of countries whose businesses had been affected by the distribution of the cost of abandoning the convertibility discouraged financial collaboration by the foreign assistance organizations during the collapse. La influencia de los grupos de interés sobre el gobierno afecta la orientación de la política económica y tiene su impacto en las crisis económicas. Durante el régimen de convertibilidad en Argentina hasta su colapso en 2001, las preferencias de los empresarios de bienes transables dependían del grado en que el gobierno les ofrecía compensaciones, sea para moderar la pérdida de competitividad derivada de la fijación o para sustraerlos de los costos de la devaluación. Para los empresarios del sector no transable y los inversores financieros los costos de mantener la fijación con el dólar resultaron siempre inferiores que los de salir del régimen. Si las inconsistencias fiscales y externas de la convertibilidad desalentaban la preferencia del FMI por mantener la convertibilidad, los costos de cambiarla indujeron al Fondo a sostener el financiamiento al gobierno argentino. Asimismo, la influencia que ejercieron sobre el FMI los gobiernos de los países cuyas empresas habían sido afectadas en la distribución de los costos del cambio de régimen cambiario desalentó la colaboración financiera de los organismos proveedores de ayuda externa durante el colapso.

scholarly journals Swiss Consensus Democracy in Transition: A Re-analysis of Lijphart's Concept of Democracy for Switzerland from 1997 to 2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Vatter
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Political System ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
The Political ◽  
Consensus Democracy ◽  
European Consensus ◽  
The Government ◽  
Number Of Parties ◽  
The Relationship

The present article addresses the question of whether Switzerland can continue to be seen as an extreme case of federal consensus democracy, as illustrated by Arend Lijphart (1999). A re-analysis of Lijphart's (1999) study of the Swiss political system from 1997 to 2007 clearly demonstrates that due to recent political-institutional changes (a decreasing number of parties, growing electoral disproportionality, increasing decentralization and deregulation of the relationship between the state and interest groups), a consensus democracy with strong tendencies toward adjustment and normalization of the original exceptional Swiss case to meet the rest of the continental European consensus democracies has emerged. This development has been further strengthened by intensified public political contestation, rising polarization between the political camps in parliament, and the weakening of the cooperative search for consensus as the dominant mode of negotiation within the government. From the perspective of international comparison, Switzerland can thus be seen henceforth as a typical example, not an extreme case, of consensus democracy.

Hong Kong government cannot ignore protester demands

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
The Political ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Independent Judiciary ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Selection Of

Subject The demands set out by anti-government protesters in Hong Kong. Significance Mass protests have forced the government to withdraw an unpopular bill allowing extradition to mainland China. However, the protesters’ agenda has broadened to include four more demands: repudiation of the government’s designation of the protests as ‘riots’; amnesty for all protesters; an independent probe into the police’s use of force; and universal suffrage for the selection of Hong Kong’s chief executive. Impacts Investigations, trials and lawsuits will drag on for years, poisoning the political atmosphere and hindering cooperation between camps. Hong Kong’s independent judiciary may be a moderating influence. Replacing Lam would not be a fresh start; the process would spotlight Hong Kong’s lack of democracy.

The political decision on Portugal’s entry into PISA: A research note

2020 ◽  
pp. 147821032097153
Author(s):  
Teresa Teixeira Lopo
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
National Education ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Government

In this article we carry out a preliminary reconstitution of the genealogy of the political decision to integrate Portugal in PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), promoted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, made in 1999 and implemented in 2000. For this we used a comprehensive analysis of newspaper articles, legal texts and documents on education policy as well as of interviews with relevant political actors. The first results of this analysis suggest that the decision, which was not unanimous among the government members with responsibilities in the education field, was taken by normative emulation, and aimed to consolidate a particular direction of the national education policy.

Surfing and trying to keep afloat: The political communication process in a highly fragmented coalition led by a ‘Great Mediator’

Modern Italy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Roncarolo ◽  
Marinella Belluati
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
The Third ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Public Approval ◽  
The Government

This article analyses the experience of the second Prodi government from the standpoint of its political communication. The opening part contextualises the case by placing it within the broader framework of coalition governments generally, and briefly outlines the critical elements that, in Italy, prevent any majority from making a genuinely strategic use of communication in the policy-making process. The second part focuses on Prodi's poor communication, highlighting both its limits and the attempts at improvement made by the leader and his staff in 2007. Finally, the third part examines the journalistic coverage of the centre-left majority and considers the trend in public approval for the premier and the government, emphasising the problems that emerged on each side.

Bringing the Bosses Back in: The Irish Political Machines and Urban Policy Making

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Erie
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Political Machines ◽  
Political Machine

Recently historians have ventured a multifaceted critique of boss rule, suggesting that the very existence of the political machine has been exaggerated, that machines did not materially affect patterns of political mobilization, had only a limited role in the making of public policy, and (contrary to pluralist theory) did little to improve the welfare of the ethnic working class. For these revisionists the boss was really a bit player in the era when he allegedly held center stage. As Terrence McDonald argued the case in the last installment of this annual, “ethnicity, patronage, and the machine” represent unduly narrow ways of viewing urban political development. According to Jon Teaford and David Thelan, urban political history needs to replace the party boss and his ethnic clientele with interest groups—business, labor, taxpayers, and consumers of municipal services—and their impact on local policies concerning economic development, taxation, and service delivery. In their view, the study of public policy making must take precedence over the allocation of party patronage.

scholarly journals State Civilisation: The Statist Core of Vladimir Putin’s Civilisational Discourse and Its Implications for Russian Foreign Policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Linde
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Fault Line ◽  
The West ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Abroad

Abstract The essay examines Vladimir Putin’s civilisational discourse, which arose in earnest with the publication of his presidential campaign articles in 2012. It argues that what makes Putin’s rendering of Russia’s civilisational identity distinctive is its strongly emphasized Statism, understood as a belief in the primacy of the state. This suggests that while his endorsement of a distinct civilisational identity represents an important conceptual turn as regards how national identity is articulated, there are also significant lines of continuity with previous presidential periods, given that state primacy has been at the heart of Putin’s political agenda since the very beginning of his presidential career. This detail also reveals a great deal about the political rationale behind Putin’s commitment to a Russian civilisational identity. It provides the government with a theoretical justification of an illiberal political course. There are important implications for foreign policy-making as well. In relation to the West, there is an attempt to limit its normative reach by depicting liberal values as less than universal. In regional affairs, Russia is attempting to legitimate its involvement in the near abroad on civilisational grounds. The loose definition of ‘co-patriots’ as foreign nationals experiencing some affinity with Russia gives it plenty of leeway in this regard. Lastly, Russia has petitioned for Ukraine’s neutrality based on the argument that the country is straddling a civilisational fault line.

scholarly journals Merebut Kursi Impian Partisipasi Perempuan di Tengah Intervensi Negara dan Dinasti Politik

Intizar ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Adek Risma Dedees
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Political ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Face ◽  
Positive Discrimination ◽  
The Government

Kebijakan affirmative action merupakan bentuk diksriminasi positif bagi perempuan di Indonesia untuk terlibat langsung dalam proses pembuatan dan pengambilan kebijakan di parlemen. Dengan kebijakan ini kesadaran gender di parlemen pelan tapi pasti memberikan harapan bagi perjuangan dan keadilan perempuan. Kebijakan affirmative action diharapkan mampu mengubah wajah parlemen yang bias kepentingan patriarki menuju kebijakan-kebijakan yang lebih ramah kepada perempuan. Sementara itu, partisipasi perempuan melalui dinasti politik sebagai sandaran tidak bisa disebut jelek atau tidak memiliki modal atau pengetahuan berpolitik. Sebagai tahap awal dan lewat jalur apapun, lebih baik rakyat melihat perempuan di posisi paling tinggi di pemerintahan, perusahaan, dan organisasi daripada tidak sama sekali. Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif interpretatif dengan kajian pustaka perihal persoalan partisipasi perempuan dalam ranah politik.Affirmative action policies are forms of positive discrimination for women in Indonesia to be directly involved in the manufacturing process and policy making in parliament. With this policy of gender awareness in parliament, it slowly but surely gives hope to women's struggle and justice. Affirmative action policies are expected to change the face of parliament biased towards the interests of patriarchal policies that are more friendly to women. Meanwhile, the participation of women through political dynasty as the backrest cannot be called bad, or does not have the capital or knowledge of politics. As an early stage and through any path, it is much better people's view of women is in the highest positions in the government, companies, and organizations than nothing at all. This type of research is qualitative interpretive literature review regarding the issue of women's participation in the political sphere.

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