scholarly journals Improvement of Tax Regulation Arrangements for the Russian Stock Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 556-570
Author(s):  
Andrei V Koren ◽  
Tatyana E Danilovskikh ◽  
Artem A. Pustovarov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Financial Transactions

The paper discusses various options for taxation of transactions with securities issued by Russian companies. The study aims to solve the problem of low investor activity in the Russian stock market by transforming the current tax legislation. An assessment of the factors restraining the development of the primary public offerings market is given. The problems of the existing methodology for the formation of the tax base when calculating income tax and personal income tax on transactions with exchange-traded financial assets are analysed. A methodology for providing tax benefits and tax incentives for investors is proposed. An assessment of the effectiveness of tax benefits using an individual investment account is given. A comparative analysis of the amount of taxes paid is carried out depending on the status of an investor and the type of securities. A detailed description of the methods for calculating taxes on stocks, bonds and futures is given. The results of the study consist in substantiating theoretical and practical provisions that allow us to develop an effective mechanism for taxing financial transactions in the securities market. The need is theoretically substantiated and the significance of state support in the stock market for citizens of the Russian Federation is determined. Mechanisms are proposed for cancelling separate accounting for several types of tax bases. The main problems are found and ways to improve the mechanism of taxation of transactions made on the Russian stock market are developed.

scholarly journals Accredited investor: legal status and problems of taxation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
I. V. Glazunova ◽  
К. I. Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tax Deductions

The subject of the research is the legal norms contained in legislation and other legal acts that regulate the grounds for the emergence and the mechanism for implementing the status of an accredited investor, requirements for individuals, as well as certain aspects of taxation of accredited investors. The experience of legal regulation of income from investment activities, used in foreign legislation, is also analyzed in the context of the topic.The purpose of the article is to confirm the need to revise the requirements for accredited investors, to clarify the legislative provisions of the personal income tax. The reason for this study was legislative changes that caused an ambiguous reaction among the entire legal community in Russia.The methodology. General scientific methods were applied in the framework of a comparative, logical and statistical study and analysis of law enforcement and judicial practice in the field of taxation of an accredited investors.The main results. The following issues were investigated. What was the reason for the introduction of the status of an accredited investor in Russian legislation? It was the need firstly to protect the rights of investors, and secondly to regulate and protect the stock market from unconsciously high-risk transactions. What requirements are specified in the law for obtaining this status, what requirements exist in foreign legislation and why does domestic legislation need to be revised? We can divide the requirements for obtaining the status into three general groups: experience, knowledge and risk. Investor is obliged to meet two criteria by European legislation, when only one criterion by Russian legislation. The problem of taxation of qualified investors was raised in the context of the progressive income tax rate. Taxation of qualified investors needs a thorough legislative review in terms of tax deductions.Conclusions. The ideas for the introduction of the status of an accredited investor, of a progressive personal income tax rate were implemented in Russian legislation from the legislation of foreign countries. Such Russian legal rules needs significant revision. The legislative term "accredited investor" should be introduced in legislation system. It is necessary to clarify the criteria for obtaining a status, as well as to consolidate the necessity for accredited investors to comply with two conditions instead of one. Such an initiative would allow investors themselves to approach investing more consciously and would remove risks from brokers. Tax legislation should be amended in part of tax deductions for persons whose main activity is investment, since the current state of affairs discriminates them against individuals in their rights. The revision of the fixed requirements as well as the clarification of the tax legislation will attract investors (both Russian and foreign) to the Russian stock market, while the economy will receive positive growth, intermediaries-brokers and issuing firms will be provided with protection from unconscious risks.

scholarly journals American Tax Considerations in the Drafting of Canadian Joint Operating Agreements

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
John F. Curran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Tax Laws ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tax Benefits

Many operators in Canada's oil and gas industry are subject to taxation under the United States Internal Revenue Code. In their Canadian activities, operations and agreements, these operators seek to preserve any tax benefits that they may have under the income tax laws of the United States. This article outlines the tax advantages which the United States operator wishes to preserve, such as avoidance of the status of an on Canadian operators not subject to United States tax laws, and suggests draft clauses that may be included in Canadian joint operating agreements to preserve United States tax benefits for the American operator.

scholarly journals Impact of Political News: Evidence from Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-287
Author(s):  
Sergey Nikolayevich Volodin ◽  
Gennadii Mladenovich Kuranov ◽  
Alexey Pavlovich Yakubov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
The Political ◽  
Garch Models ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Political News ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Proper Orientation

Abstract In recent times political events started to exert more and more significant impact on national financial systems due to sharpening of political problems in various countries. Undoubtedly, their influence can be followed in price dynamics of stocks which are trading in the securities market. The need to understand political news impact on the market as a whole and its separate industries is faced by investors and market agents for proper orientation in market environment. Since this issue provides rather controversial results in different studies, the authors set the aim to investigate the Russian market with the use of GARCH models. Such approach allowed determining precisely the political events’ influence on return and volatility of market assets as well as leverage and clusterization effects. The obtained results may be beneficial for investors, operating in the Russian stock market, other market agents and specialists in the field of financial science.

Securities Market Design and Stock Market Segments for Small Company Shares: Empirical Evidence from Initial Public Offerings in Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Bessler ◽  
Colin Schneck
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Small Company ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Neuer Markt ◽  
General Standard

AbstractIn 1997 the “Neuer Markt” was opened as a stock market segment for small companies in Germany and initially performed well by attracting 329 initial public offerings (IPOs). It was closed in 2003 and listed companies were forced to transfer to either the higher ranked “Prime Standard” or to the lower ranked “General Standard”. We analyze the valuation effects of these “new economy” IPOs and whether the segment transfer decision could have been predicted with information that was available at the time of the IPO. Companies are more likely to change to the higher ranked Prime Standard if they are larger, more profitable, and have more growth opportunities. Firms that switch to the lower ranked General Standard improved the subsequent performance, suggesting that they are now traded on a market segment that better matches the firm characteristics with the listing requirements. Hence, designing different market segments that fit best with the heterogeneous characteristics of small companies are one avenue for convincing more companies to go public. Insight from this study may help with regard to establishing efficient and successful securities market segments for small company shares, which currently is intensively debated in many countries. Interestingly, Deutsche Börse announced another re-segmentation on November 21, 2016. This includes the closing of the Entry Standard and the opening of a new market segment for SMEs and growth companies on March 1, 2017.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN STOCK MARKET

2022 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Vera Shumilina ◽  
Alexander Kochetov ◽  
Vitaliy Muradyan
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Research Analysis

The article is devoted to the research analysis of the current patterns of development of the domestic stock market. An assessment of the dynamics of the stock market volumes is given. The trends in the movement of the market value of shares of Russian companies and the influence of factors on this process are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the stock market in Russia and the USA is carried out. We also raised the issue of the development of economic relations in Russia characterized by the creation of an effective and transparent mechanism for the formation and distribution of financial resources between economic entities in accordance with market rules and laws. One of these generating and redistributing channels should be the securities market, as an integral part of ensuring the integrity and functioning of all elements of the economic system of the state. In conclusion, it was concluded that the main goal of the Russian market is its transformation into a productive mechanism for reducing the uncertainty of financial activity, which is based on the implementation of an appropriate active state policy

scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC COMPONENT OF PREFERENTIAL TAXATION OF INDIVIDUAL INCOME

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Plakhtii ◽  
Lidiia Fedoryshyna ◽  
Olena Tomchuk
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Individual Income ◽  
Taxable Income ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Individual Income Tax ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of the article is to study the socio-economic component of the preferential taxation of individuals. It is shown that the Tax Social Benefit is the ability of the taxpayer to reduce the calculated total monthly taxable income in the form of wages. Methodology. The object of taxation is determined according to the status of the payer. So, for a resident – is: the total monthly (annual) taxable income; income from the source of their origin, which are finally taxed when they are charged (payment, provision), and foreign incomes – income (profit) received from sources outside. The object of taxation of a non-resident is: the total monthly (annual) taxable income from the source of its origin and income from the source of their origin in Ukraine, which are finally taxed during their calculation (payment, provision). Results. The basis of taxation is the total taxable income – any taxable income accrued (paid, provided) in favour of the taxpayer during the reporting tax period. Imagine the structure of the aggregate resources of households, which in the overwhelming majority are subject to tax. Individual Income Tax is fiscally significant for budgets of all levels, since after the distribution through the budget system the lion’s share remains at the disposal of local budgets Practical implications. Although Ukraine is a market economy country, in our opinion, observance of these recommendations will have only a positive effect both on activating the regulatory function of the Individual Income Tax and on the level of income differentiation of the population as a result. Value/ originality. In view of a large number of studies of domestic scientists on this issue, it is necessary to systematize tax deductions from Individual Income Tax in accordance with the concept of tax expenditures, taking into account the specifics of tax legislation. The established indicators for the tax social benefit are calculated according to the following algorithm: the maximum amount for the application of the tax social benefit: the subsistence minimum for an able-bodied person on January 1 of the reporting tax year, multiplied by 1.4 and rounded to the nearest 10 hryvnias. The size of the tax social benefit is equal to 50% of the subsistence minimum for an able-bodied person (per month), established by law on January 1 of the reporting tax year.

scholarly journals Comparison of tax bonus as a tool of tax benefit for taxpayers in V4 countries and Austria

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 02018
Author(s):  
Renata Stanley ◽  
Zuzana Kubascikova
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Subsequent Comparison ◽  
Visegrád Countries

Research background: Tax legislation provides taxpayers some advantages which enable them to reduce their tax base in the tax statement. The amount of the tax advantage varies depending on the state and also the tax policy of the country. The tax bonus is one of the benefits, which can affect the amount of net income of taxpayers. The state’s efforts to mitigate the effects of covid-19 are currently even greater in order to sustain the functioning operations of taxpayers and at the same time to start the growth of economies again. All countries neighbouring Slovakia provide tax bonuses in certain amounts or other benefits for supporting families. The issue of tax bonuses is not given much attention by authors in the Slovak Republic or at the international level. So far, there is no article that deals with a comprehensive comparison of the tax bonus in several countries. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to present and characterize the tax benefits provided to taxpayers by the tax legislation of the Slovak Republic and subsequent comparison with similar tax benefits provided by the Visegrad countries and neighbouring Austria. Methods: The method used the most in the paper are analysis and comparison. Findings & Value added: The contribution of this article is a comprehensive overview and comparison of the rules for the application of the tax bonus among the V4 countries and Austria and an evaluation of the most advantageous system among these countries in 2021.

scholarly journals FISCAL COMPONENT OF CRYPTOCURRENCY LEGALIZATION IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Vasil Vorobets
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Financial Base

Introduction. The digitalization of the financial sector leads to the transition to blockchain technology, which opens up additional opportunities for expanding the financial base of the state through fiscal mechanisms, and generates additional risks. That is why the topic of taxation of the digital sector is now being addressed both at the governmental level and by a number of scientists and crypto enthusiasts.The relevance of the topic presented in the article is determined by the need to determine the legal status and legalization of cryptocurrencies in Ukraine in the system of modern payment and exchange transactions. Methods. Methods of analysis of foreign taxation practice and regulation of cryptocurrency circulation and determination of tax base are used in the process of preparing the article, as well as approaches to interpretation of cryptocurrency from the positions of goods, property, digital financial asset, intangible asset. Results. The results of the study showed that Ukraine has approaches that are based on domestic legislation, or rather its opportunities for expansion in order to conceptually adopt the cryptocurrency industry in the current legal field, and to study foreign experience and practice of leading countries that are already taxing transactions with cryptocurrencies on the general principles of tax legislation, or create privileged conditions in the form of reduced rates or a preferential tax period. Discussion. The difficulty is to find a balance of interests between the state and the user of cryptocurrencies, and it is essential to determine the status of legalization of digital financial assets and digital currencies for the digital economy, which will expand infrastructure and ecosystems in cryptocurrency projects. And scientific approaches will allow to integrate them into the economic system of the country. Keywords: blockchain, cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency, digital goods, taxation, legal status, tax norms

Urgent Problems of the Russian Stock Market Development

2003 ◽  
pp. 26-43
Author(s):  
Yu. Sizov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Stock Market Development ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Russian Stock Market

The article reviews the importance of a stock market as one of the key institutions of the advanced market economy. The author argues that the country will not be able to proceed to more mature phases of development until its securities market can perform its basic functions. Convincing arguments are put forward against the established views on the impossibility to overcome disadvantages of the market mechanism in today's Russia. The author substantiates recommendations for promoting investment orientation of the stock market and frames a new concept of its state regulation.

scholarly journals Specifics of Cryptocurrencies from an Accounting, Tax and Financial View in a Globalized Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 03014
Author(s):  
Ivana Kucharova ◽  
Daniela Pfeiferova ◽  
Enikő Lőrinczova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Digital Asset ◽  
Financial Transactions

Research background: With the advancing entrance of digital technologies into all areas of private and business life in the past 10 years a new digital asset referred to as virtual currency or cryptocurrency had been invented. This virtual currency is not yet regulated in most countries and there is a need to establish a legal framework for accounting, taxation and recording of financial transactions so the treatment of transactions with these digital assets is the same across the globalized environment, as different approaches may affect the decision-making of the management and investors or can alter the tax base for income tax purposes. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to compare and discuss the different possible approaches of recording and reporting of the virtual currencies for accounting and tax purposes and to compare the approaches among the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Germany to point out the need for a harmonized solution in a global environment, as dealing with cryptocurrencies is not included in the accounting and tax legal framework in many other countries. Methods: Methods of description, analysis, comparison and synthesis are used to achieve the set aim of the paper. Different approaches to the topic are demonstrated and compared in illustrative Tables. Findings & Value added: The paper highlights the need for a uniform approach for the accounting and tax treatment of virtual currency by comparing the level of legal definitions and different approaches. The most elaborate legal implementation of this topic is in the Slovak Republic where the treatment of virtual currencies is included in the Accounting Act and the Income Tax Act. The Czech Republic approaches cryptocurrencies only on the basis of recommendations from the Ministry of Finance, which is not legally binding to obey. Germany has included cryptocurrencies in the Banking Act, the accounting definition is missing and the tax solution is in the Income Tax Act.

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