scholarly journals Una Antropología de la Gratuidad: prácticas caritativas y políticas de asistencia social en la Argentina

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Social Assistance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social ◽  
La Caridad ◽  
Charity Organization

El presente articulo analiza las prácticas de caridad que desarrollan un conjunto de agentes sociales definidos como “voluntarias de Caritas” y analiza la asistencia social del estado, que se materializa en programas de “ayuda social” que ejecutan esas voluntarias, en una parroquia católica de una ciudad media de la Argentina. A diferencia de lo que proponen los enfoques estatalistas sobre el fenómeno de asistencia social, aquí propongo que la caridad y la asistencia social son hechos estructuralmente asociados y que se han desarrollado como los polos opuestos alrededor del fenómeno de la circulación gratuita de objetos. A través de la descripción etnográfica de la vida cotidiana de la organización caritativa por excelencia de la Argentina, Caritas, la de sus agentes, las voluntarias, y de los programas sociales que allí se desarrollan, pretendo mostrar, desde el punto de vista de las voluntarias, la conflictividad cultural que provocan los fenómenos ligados a la gratuidad, lo cual demanda una antropología especialmente referida a estos fenomenos. An Anthropology of Gratuitousness: charity practices and social assistance policies in Argentine Abstract This papers analyzes charity practices developed by a group of social agents that define themselves as “Charity volunteers” as well as social assistance practices of the state, that materialize themselves in programs of “social help” lead by these volunteers in a Catholic parish of a medium city in Argentine. In contrast with “state oriented” (“estatalistas”) approaches on the problem of social assistance, it is proposed here that charity and social assistance are structurally related facts and that they have developed themselves as opposite poles in relation to the phenomenon of free flow of things. In other words, charity and social assistance shape one type of social fact that rely on the principle that labels specific objects as free and as a consequence request an attitude towards them: the elimination of individual interest. The ambiguities of meaning attached to the phenomena framed within the logic of the gratuitousness often become “misunderstandings” and “double truths”, which suppose permanent conflicts attached to charity and social assistance. Through ethnographic description of everyday routine of the mayor charity organization of Argentine, Caritas, of their agents, volunteers, and of the social programs it develops, I aim to show, from the point of view of the volunteers, the cultural conflicts that spur from phenomena attached to gratuitousness, which demand an anthropology that specifically refers to these social facts.

scholarly journals Relational Versus Relationist Sociology: A New Paradigm in the Social Sciences

Stan Rzeczy ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 15-66
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Donati
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Relational Sociology ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social ◽  
In The Beginning

The paper presents a general outline of the author’s relational sociology, showing it to be different from other relational sociologies, which are, in fact, figurational, transactional, or purely communicative. Relational sociology is conceived as a way of observing and thinking that starts from the assumption that the problems of society are generated by social relations and aims to understand, and if possible, solve them, not purely on the basis of individual or voluntary actions, nor conversely, purely through collective or structural ones, but via new configurations of social relations. The social is relational in essence. Social facts can be understood and explained by assuming that “in the beginning (of any social fact there) is the relation.”Ultimately, this approach points to the possibility of highlighting thoserelational processes that can better realize the humanity of social agents and give them, as relational subjects, the opportunity to achieve a good life in a society that is becoming increasingly complex as the processes of globalization proceed.

scholarly journals Durkheim vu par les collectifs leplaysiens (1893–1926)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Antoine Savoye
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social ◽  
Travail Social ◽  
The Individual

*Full article is in FrenchFrench abstract: En dépit de l’ostracisme de Durkheim à leur égard, les représentants de la science sociale issue de Le Play n’ont pas ignoré son oeuvre et l’ont commentée – même si laconiquement – dans leurs périodiques, d’une part, La Réforme sociale, d’autre part, La Science sociale et ses dérivés. Les leplaysiens restés dans l’orthodoxie du maître nourrissent – de la Division du travail social aux Fondements élémentaires de la vie religieuse – les mêmes griefs à l’encontre de Durkheim. Volontiers polémiques, ils refusent sa conception du fait social qui, « supérieur et antérieur à l’individu … s’impose à lui avec une force coercitive prépondérante » (Clément, 1915). Leurs critiques perdent cependant de leur virulence après la mort de Durkheim, au fur et à mesure que la sociologie s’avère une science durable dont le projet devient irréfutable. Du côté des partisans de la science sociale renouvelée par Henri de Tourville, l’appréciation de Durkheim est différente. Plus tardive, elle porte sur l’objet de la sociologie et sur la méthode prônée par l’auteur des Règles. Aux yeux des tourvilliens, celui-ci n’emprunte pas, à tort, la « voie royale » de la science sociale : l’enquête par observation directe, et néglige l’outil de coordination des faits sociaux qu’est la nomenclature mise au point par Tourville. Dès lors, les résultats auxquels aboutit Durkheim, par exemple dans les Fondements, sont sujets à caution (Descamps, 1912). La critique des tourvilliens est d’autant plus vive qu’elle se nourrit d’un dépit : Durkheim ne fait aucun cas de leurs travaux (Périer, 1913). Le débat qu’ils auraient souhaité engager n’aura lieu que post mortem, grâce à Bouglé et ses élèves du Centre de documentation sociale (Aron, Polin) qui joueront le jeu, dans les années trente, de la confrontation entre sociologie et science sociale.English abstract: Despite the ostracism he maintained towards them, Le Play’s social science continuers did not ignore Durkheim’s work and commented on it – even if laconically – in their journals. The LePlayists loyal to the master’s orthodoxy raised the same grievances against Durkheim throughout his academic life. They refused to accept his conception of the social fact as superior and prior to the individual, imposing itself on him with a coercive force. Their criticisms, however, were less virulent after Durkheim’s death, as sociology proved a sustainable science whose project had become irrefutable. With the dissident LePlayists, the view is different. Emerging later, it dealt with the object of sociology and the method advocated by the author of the Règles. From the Tourvillians’ point of view, Durkheim’s sociology does not adopt the best path for social science (investigation by direct observation), and neglects its process of coordination of social facts (the nomenclature developed by Tourville). Consequently, Durkheim’s results are questionable. The debate the Tourvillians wanted to have with Durkheim took place post mortem, thanks to Bouglé and his students from the Centre de documentation sociale, and their engagement, in the 1930s, with Durkheimian sociology and social science.

scholarly journals Universidades públicas como agentes de desenvolvimento urbano e regional de cidades médias e pequenas: uma discussão teórica, metodológica e empírica

GeoTextos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendel Henrique Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Regional Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economical Development ◽  
Urban And Regional Development

As universidades apresentam um importante papel social na promoção do desenvolvimento social, cultural e econômico. Em diversos países sua instalação está ligada também ao desenvolvimento urbano e regional, especialmente de cidades médias e pequenas, promovendo, com relativo sucesso, a modernização da estrutura urbana e econômica dessas cidades. A base empírica desse estudo são as cidades sede dos campi da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (instalados em 2006) e Passau (Baviera/Alemanha), sede da Universidade de Passau, desde 1978. Nosso objetivo é propor uma abordagem metodológica que dê suporte para pesquisas focadas na integração, na fragmentação e nos conflitos entre a cidade da população local e aquela das universidades. Nossas conclusões principais indicam uma grande dinamização do mercado imobiliário, diversificação das atividades comerciais e de serviços, ampliação do papel regional, mas também, do ponto de vista social, conexões fracas e pontuais com a cidade, gerando conflitos entre estudantes/professores e a população local. Abstract PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES AS AGENTS IN URBAN AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIUM AND SMALL-SIZED CITIES: A THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACH The universities have an important role in our society to promote social, cultural and economical development. In many countries universities has been installed in small and medium-sized cities since the 70’s to promote the development and ‘modernization’. Some of them are very successful and the economical development is visible and unquestionable. Our empirical study focuses the cities of the Federal University of Reconcavo da Bahia (installed in 2006) and Passau/Bavaria/Germany (University of Passau, installed in 1978). Our goal is to propose methodological approach to support a research based on the integration, fragmentation and conflicts between the city of the local population and city of the Universities. Our major conclusions are connected with the increase of the real estate market, diversification of commercial and service activities, intensification of regional role. From the social point of view, however, there are weak and punctual connections with the cities, promoting spatial and cultural conflicts between the students/professor and the local population.

The Social Construction of Social Facts

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Townsley
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Introductory Sociology ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social

This article describes an exercise that explores how race categories and classifications are socially constructed scientifically. In an introductory sociology setting, students compare their perceptions of the size of minority populations with counts from the U.S. Census. In a series of debriefing sessions, students analyze both their perceptions and Census counts as social constructions of the moral phenomena we call race. In the process, students are introduced to Census data and the Census web site as well as to historical and theoretical literature on the social construction of race. Students are then asked to reflect critically about the scientific practices in which race is constructed as a social fact, and in particular, to consider their own roles in these practices as users and subjects of race categories. The larger goal is to help students to develop a critical sociological imagination that productively engages the analysis of race in contemporary society.

scholarly journals Nomes e sobrenomes dos guarani e kaiowá de Mato Grosso do Sul

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-66
Author(s):  
Andérbio Márcio Silva Martins ◽  
Neimar Machado de Sousa ◽  
Hemerson Vargas Catão ◽  
Fábio Conscianza
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Origin ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Nomes e sobrenomes guarani e kaiowá possuem uma origem histórica a partir do contato com os colonizadores europeus. Aos poucos, os nomes tradicionais estão entrando em desuso, do ponto de vista social, mas têm insistido a sua permanência do ponto de vista religioso, como uma espécie de proteção. Neste artigo, apresentamos um levantamento dos nomes civis de professores indígenas guarani e kaiowá que passaram pela Licenciatura Intercultural Indígena – Teko Arandu, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados – UFGD, Mato Grosso do Sul. O levantamento foi realizado a partir do Sistema de Controle de Turmas do Professor. Em seguida, à luz de fatos históricos e sociais, apresentamos as funções sociais dos nomes na atualidade e postulamos as possíveis origens dos sobrenomes, considerando o processo de colonização pelo qual passaram esses povos. Os resultados do estudo não abrangem a origem dos sobrenomes na sua individualidade, mas apresentam um panorama das condições históricas e sociais que puderam dar condições à existência dessa nova forma de nomear e de indicar pertencimento familiar entre os indígenas guarani e kaiowá do cone sul de Mato Grosso do Sul.First names and surnames of the Guarani and Kaiowá from Mato Grosso do Sul   AbstractGuarani and Kaiowá names and surnames have a historical origin from contact with European settlers. Gradually, traditional names are going into disuse from a social point of view, but their permanence from a religious point of view as a kind of protection remain. In this article, we present a survey of the civil names of indigenous guarani and kaiowá teachers who passed through the Indigenous Intercultural Degree – Teko Arandu, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Mato Grosso do Sul. The survey was conducted from the Teacher's Class Control System. Then, in the light of historical and social facts, we present the social functions of the names today and postulate the possible origins of surnames, considering the process of colonization that these peoples went through. The results of the study do not cover the origin of surnames in their individuality, but present an overview of the historical and social conditions that could give conditions to the existence of this new way of naming and indicating family belonging among the Guarani and Kaiowá indigenous peoples of the southern cone of Mato Grosso do Sul.Keywords: Guarani; Kaiowá; Anthroponomical, Socioanthropomonatic.

Establishing a "Knowledge Network" of Local and Regional Development Subjects

2005 ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
Olexandr Molodtsov
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Internet Networks

Efficiency of collective action, aimed at social development, in many ways depends on the level of being well-informed and the intensiveness of knowledge sharing between the social agents, which are the professional corporate communities in this domain. Modern information technologies allow influencing the social development by establishing of Internet networks for geographically separated social agents who collaborate on the basis of “horizontal” communications. From this point of view, the Internet can be considered a catalyst of inter-group communication and an instrument for decentralized projection of social development. There has been no sociological research conducted in Ukraine to find out the efficiency level of cooperation between social agents using an Internet network to share information and knowledge concerning local and regional development. But even a general overview of the Ukrainian Internet shows an unsatisfactory state of such cooperation. Indirectly, this is proved by the data regarding the Internet content for 2002, which demonstrates that scientific research and educational organizations represented only 4.4% of the Internet content (Bryzhko, , Tsymbaliuk, Orekhov, & Galchenko, 2002, p. 101). We have all the grounds to state that computer databases existing in Ukraine do not meet the requirements of the local and regional development. Further, they do not contribute sufficiently to the professional growth and development of the professional communities’ ethical standards.

Desacralization of Marriage in the Islamic Community of Javanese Farmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Sardjuningsih Sardjuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Social Process ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Ideal

<p><strong><em>Field research with a phenomenological approach, in the District of Kabuh-Jombang. The barren rural socio-geographical setting makes tradition basics a reference and measure of norms of action. The uniqueness of this study with previous research is the process of reducing the sacredness of marriage by placing the status of Widower or Widow better than the status of an old spinster or old age. Research with a Phenomenological approach with Robert Merton's Structural-Functional analysis knife rests on deep interview techniques of 20 informants consisting of couples who experience young and divorced couples, families, and community leaders. produce conclusions that the tradition of underage marriage is a social fact, a habit that still continues to this day, constructed with noble and sacred meaning. In the social process the Nobleness of meaning is not supported by other social facts, that being a widower or widow is better than being an old woman or old woman. This puts divorce better than maintaining marriage. This pragmatic outlook is contrary to the ideal ideals of a sacred marriage. The result of a complex divorce is a negative new social fact that is neglecting the rights of children to be paid by their parents. This negative social fact is due to the dysfunctional social control and social structure of the process of adaptation to change.</em></strong></p>

scholarly journals Japanese women singer-songwriters of the 1970s: female agency, musical impact and social change

Popular Music ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-138
Author(s):  
Lasse Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Female Agency ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Japanese Female ◽  
Musical Embodiment ◽  
Creative Artists

AbstractWith the debuts of highly popular artists such as Matsutōya Yumi, Nakajima Miyuki and Takeuchi Mariya, Japanese popular music of the 1970s saw a rise of young female singer-songwriters. Not only were they notably successful commercially but they were also respected as creative artists. This recognition and valuation of female professional creativity was extraordinary from a gender point of view. Furthermore, their position as active social agents defied the social expectations for women in Japan at that time. In this respect, they can be conceptualised as a musical embodiment of the movements pursuing female emancipation in the 1970s. While the musical significance of these female singer-songwriters has been recognised in previous studies, the gender point of view has remained largely unaddressed. By drawing from theories about female musicians and canon formation, this article re-assesses the social significance of Japanese female singer-songwriters of the 1970s.

FUNCTIONING OF SOCIAL WELFARE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF ŁAZY

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Radosław Wolniak
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

The aim of the publication is to analyse the functioning of social assistance on the attachment of the municipal office in Łazy and to determine the level of involving of this city in the social welfare activities. The work assumes the hypothesis that the municipal office in Łazy is strongly involved in welfare activities. Social assistance is an important element of the proper functioning of local self-government. It is very important from the point of view of all kinds of groups of people excluded, for example the disabled, who are unable to function without this kind of help. The research methods adopted at work were critical analysis of the subject literature and analysis of documentation from the office.

scholarly journals Memahami Keputusan Meninggalkan Zona Nyaman Karyawan “X” BUMN

MANAJERIAL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Mirza Dwinanda Ilmawan ◽  
Feisal Ala'i
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Receive

Background – Leadership and organizational culture is one of the keys for someone deciding to leave or maintain their work comfort zone. BUMN companies are taken in this case because of the social fact that these companies are able to provide adequate compensation and even tend to be abundant. However, whether these social facts are in line with the facts in the field will be the focus of this study to reveal these things that are juxtaposed with organizational culture and leadership in it. Purpose – This study aims to obtain an empirical picture in the field in order to find the justification for someone leaving the comfort zone of BUMN. Design / Methodology / Approach – This research uses explanatory principles by digging up information related to the decision to leave the comfort zone of BUMN, an interesting phenomenon in which BUMN employees are known to receive better compensation than other companies and have secured prestigious positions in the company but choose to leave. The selected subjects are BUMN executive employees who choose to leave their positions before entering retirement. Result and Discussion – The results of this study reveal an interesting fact where respect for company executives is a very important thing that must be given by the CEO/ President Director and if there is any neglect of this, the risk faced is the loss of potential employees. Other findings may be that further study is the best option to reduce work stress. Conclusion – Organizational culture factors that are too dynamic have a positive influence on leaving the comfort zone of work. Researh Limitations – This study uses a limited subject, therefore the picture described follows the limitations of the number of subjects taken.

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