scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO PAISAGÍSTICA DE UM TRECHO DA RODOVIA PR-340, ANTONINA, PARANÁ, BRASIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Rezende Gomide ◽  
Epitágoras Rodson Oliveira Costa ◽  
Ana Paula Corrazza ◽  
Daniela Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
Information Process ◽  
The Road ◽  
Landscape Variation ◽  
Anthropic Action

O estudo teve como objetivo compreender os agentes que compõem uma porção da paisagem na Área Particular Protegida Morro da Mina, e discutir o padrão visual paisagístico de um trecho da rodovia PR- 340, na região de Antonina – PR. Utilizou-se o método direto de análise da paisagem com as seguintes variáveis: vegetação, conservação do solo, relevo, ação antrópica e singularidade. Foram amostrados 20 pontos amostrais, com 3 repetições por ponto, distantes 200 metros entre si, sendo avaliados o lado direito e esquerdo da rodovia. No processamento das informações contou-se com as técnicas de análise de componente principal e a análise de agrupamento, para discriminar as áreas de grande interesse visual paisagístico e a variação paisagística. Constatou-se que a vegetação foi a variável mais representativa no percurso, independente do lado que se trafega. A qualidade da paisagem no lado esquerdo da rodovia foi influenciada pela vegetação e conservação do solo. O mapa de qualidade visual paisagística do trecho foi formado com três classes. Conclui-se que a predominância da paisagem do trecho da rodovia PR -340 tem a classe média de qualidade visual. Comparando os dois lados do trecho analisado, verificou-se que o lado esquerdo apresentou melhor conjunto de qualidades visuais paisagísticas.Palavras-chave: Paisagem; RPPN; análise multivariada. AbstractLandscape evaluation of a sector of the PR-340 road, located in Antonina County, Paraná State, Brazil. The objective of this study was to understand the agents that compose a portion of the landscape from the “Protected Private Area Morro da Mina”, and to discuss the landscape visual standard of a PR-340 road sector, in the region of Antonina, PR. The direct method of landscape analysis, with the following variables was used: vegetation, soil conservation, relief, anthropic action, and singularity. Twenty observation points were sampled, with 3 repetitions for point, 200 meters distant from each other. Both sides of the road were evaluated. In the information process the principal components technique analysis and the grouping analysis, with the intention to discriminate areas of great visual interest, as well as explaining the landscape variation, were used. It was evidenced that the vegetation was the most representative variable in the analyzed sector, regardless the traffic direction. The road left side was influenced by the vegetation and soil conservation. The landscape visual map was composed by three groups. It was concluded that the analyzed sector was classified as an intermediate visual quality landscape. Comparing the two edges of the analyzed road sector, it was observed that the left side presented, as a whole, higher landscape visual qualities.Keywords: Landscape; conservation unit; multivariate analysis.

scholarly journals CONTROLE DE EROSÃO EM ESTRADAS RURAIS NÃO PAVIMENTADAS, UTILIZANDO SISTEMA DE TERRACEAMENTO COM GRADIENTE ASSOCIADO A BACIAS DE CAPTAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Donizete Casarin ◽  
Eduardo Luiz de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Unpaved Roads ◽  
The Road ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Anthropic Action

CONTROLE DE EROSÃO EM ESTRADAS RURAIS NÃO PAVIMENTADAS, UTILIZANDO SISTEMA DE TERRACEAMENTO COM GRADIENTE ASSOCIADO A BACIAS DE CAPTAÇÃO  Rui Donizete Casarin1; Eduardo Luiz de Oliveira21Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, [email protected] de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP  1 RESUMO As estradas rurais de terra são estruturas viárias importantes para o desenvolvimento rural econômico e social da nação, sendo que a erosão provocada pelas águas das chuvas no seu leito e margens esta intimamente relacionada à má drenagem, tornando-se um dos principais fatores para sua degradação. Para que o sistema de drenagem funcione de forma adequada é necessário o conhecimento da erodibilidade, capacidade de infiltração de água no solo e adoção de práticas mecânicas de abatimentos de taludes com elevação do greide e interceptação de águas por meio de dispositivos de drenagem e captação. Neste artigo apresenta-se um modelo de drenagem por meio da construção de terraços embutidos com gradiente associados à bacia de captação em solos do tipo Argissolo Vermelho distrófico abrúptico de textura arenosa a média, com base em técnicas de abatimentos de taludes, elevando seu leito transversalmente das estradas com desviadores de fluxo. As frações granulométricas (areia, silte, argila) e a estabilidade de agregados indicam que esse solo sob ação antrópica pode apresentar processos erosivos resultando em escoamento superficial com arrastamento de solos, assoreando mananciais e cursos d’água localizados abaixo das estradas proporcionando grandes impactos ambientais nos corpos hídricos. A redução destes problemas de erosão nestas estradas de terra está na adoção de medidas que intercepte águas do próprio escoamento do seu leito, bem como as águas pluviais vindas de áreas adjacentes da contribuição, que são coletadas e conduzidas para terraços embutidos e bacias de captação. UNITERMOS: erosão em estradas rurais, infiltração de água no solo, práticas mecânicas de conservação de solo, contenção de águas pluviais.  CASARIN, R. D.; OLIVEIRA, E. L. CONTROL OF EROSION IN RURALUNPAVED ROADS UTILIZING A TERRACE  SYSTEM WITH GRADIENT ASSOCIATED TO CAPITATION BASIN  2 ABSTRACT             The agricultural unpaved roads are important road structures for the economic and social agricultural development of the Nation, and the erosion provoked by rain water in the road bed and sides are closely related to bad draining, one of the main factors for their degradation. In order to make the draining system adequate, it is necessary to know about  erodibility, infiltration capacity of water in the ground and adoption of mechanical slope abatement with grid elevation and water interception. This study presents  drainage model through the construction of terraces  with gradient  transversally associated to the capitation basin in  abruptic red dystrophic argisol soils, medium sandy texture, based on slops abatement  techniques, elevating the road bed and deviating flow. The grain sized fractions of this ground (sand, silt, clay) and the aggregate stability indicated that this ground, under anthropic action, presents erosive processes resulting in superficial draining with ground hauling, sanding sources and courses of water situation below roads, providing great environmental impacts in the hydric bodies. The reduction of erosion problems in these unpaved roads is in the adoption of measures that intercept waters from the draining of their stream bed itself, as well as pluvial waters comings from adjacent areas of contribution, that  are collected and conducted to inlaid terraces and capitation basis. KEYWORDS: erosion in agricultural roads, water infiltration in the soil, mechanical soil conservation practices, pluvial water containment.

scholarly journals Analysis of Traffic Noise in Taman Kota Lumintang Denpasar

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 20585-20591
Author(s):  
Adrian Pradana ◽  
I Made Tamba ◽  
I Ketut Widnyana
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
City Park

This research was conducted to analyze the level of traffic noise in Lumintang City Park, Denpasar. The measurement method is by using a direct method that is using an integrating sound level meter that has an LTMS measurement facility, namely Leq with a measuring time every 5 seconds. The examination is carried out by measuring for 10 minutes. The measurement time is carried out during the 24 hour activity (NGO) on December 3, 2018. The measurement distance ranges from 5-10 meters from the road, with a height of 1-1.2 m from the ground level. The results of the research on the level of traffic noise in Lumintang City Park Denpasar showed the noise level that exceeded the noise level quality standards of the green open space area of 50 dB, where in the first lane the traffic noise level was 92.52 dB at L3. While the noise research in lane 2 shows that the highest traffic noise level of 85.70 dB occurs at L5. For day and night (NGO) noise levels in lane 1 amounting to 70.13 dB and lane 2 of 67.95 dB has exceeded the quality standard of green open space, so that it can cause physical and psychological disturbances for visitors to the Taman Lumintang City of Denpasar..

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SCALE, PROPORTION, AND WALKABILITY TO VISUAL TROTOAR QUALITY UNDER THE TERAS CIHAMPELAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 182-195
Author(s):  
Arvin Tekadtuera ; Anindhita N. Sunartio
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
The Road ◽  
New Public ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Maximum Comfort ◽  
The City

Abstract - The introduction the new infrastructures in the city of Bandung is being executed in order to tacklevarious urban problems, such as the lack ofpedestrian-friendly spacse and the lack ofpublic spaces throughoutthe city. In 2017, the Local Government of Bandung opened Teras Cihampelas, which is a skywalk-type ofinfrastructure that was built above Cihampelas Street in order to relocate the street vendors that had beenoccupying the pedestrianway in Jalan Cihampelas and to become a new public space. The new structure, in fact,affects the scale and proportion ofthe spaces between buildings along the road and reconfigurated the visualqualities ofthe existing street. Therefore, the visual experiences in the pedestrianway throughout CihampelasStreet had also affected by the changes of those factors.The method used in this research is a qualitative triangulation method which can be done by mappingthe typology of the space between buildings based on the existing buildings’ intensity for further analysiswhich consist ofscale and proportion analysis, and walkability analysis that was based on visual evaluation. Theanalysis of each typology will then be mapped and merged in each pedestrianways to provide the visualexperiences of the pedestrian in Cihampelas Street.The visual quality in Cihampelas Street appears to slightly exceed the minimum comfortability standardbut still far from the maximum comfort for a pedestrianway. This problem appears because there are lacks oflegibility and imageability that the pedestrian can grasp in most parts of the pedestrianway. But aside fromthose factors, other factors like transparency, complexity, and coherence in Cihampelas Street are highly achievedso that the pedestrianway can still be comfortably walkable by the pedestrian. sKey Words : scale, proportion, visual quality, walkabillity, visual experience, pedestrian, qualitativetriangulation method, Cihampelas Street

scholarly journals Monitoring and modeling the impact of soil conservation scenarios to limit overland flow and sediment supply from unpaved roads in a small catchment of Southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Dambroz ◽  
Jean Minella ◽  
Cristiano Silva ◽  
Alexandre Schlesner ◽  
Felipe Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Unpaved Roads ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
The Road ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
Steep Slopes

<p>Erosion processes are accelerated by the presence of unpaved roads in catchments with shallow soils and steep slopes, favoring overland flow and sediment connectivity between hillslopes and the river network. Soil erosion modeling studies conducted at the catchment scale focus primarily on the hydrological behavior of cultivated hillslopes. Few studies address unpaved roads and suitable practices to limit their impact on hydro-sedimentary transfers in a catchment system. This study simulates soil conservation measures on unpaved roads and hillslopes and their effect on the hydrological and erosive dynamics in a small order catchment. The rainfall events were monitored at Lajeado Ferreira’s creek, in Arvorezinha, Southern Brazil (1.2 km²). The catchment is characterized by shallow soils, steep slopes, intense agricultural activity and sediment yields (SY) of around 150 t km<sup>-2 </sup>y<sup>-1</sup>. Unpaved roads cover about 3% of the catchment surface area and supply 36% of the annual average SY. The Limburg Soil Erosion Model (LISEM) was used to simulate the roads’ impact on soil erosion. Eight rainfall events, monitored from 2014 to 2017, were calibrated. Rainfall ranged from 9 to 97 mm, total runoff volume (Q) varied from 1462 to 60765 m³ and SY from 0.6 to 81 tons. These events represent different precipitation and land use conditions, so that the road’s effects on the hydrological dynamics of this catchment may be investigated. Then, modeling scenarios consisting of three levels of intervention to mitigate sediment supply were tested.  The low intervention (LI) level was based on cost-efficient practices, applied to the road only through the installation of rockfill and energy-deflecting small reservoirs. The medium intervention (MI) included the sowing of grass for gutter protection on the road area and filter strips were installed near the drainage channels. For the high intervention scenario (HI), additional grass strips were installed on hillslopes. Their impact was evaluated by comparing the hydrosedimentological variables Q (m³), peak flow (L s<sup>-1</sup>) and SY (tons), modelled at the catchment’s outlet. Rockfill and energy-deflecting small reservoirs were not enough for reducing peak flow (Qp), on average. Indeed, the main proportion of overland flow originates from other landscape components, such as hillslopes. Under the MI and HI scenarios, Qp decreased by 2 and 46%, respectively. The LI and MI scenarios led to an average Q reduction of 12%, compared to 53% under scenario HI. For one event, HI promoted a reduction of 92% of calculated Q, representing 15,693 m³. HI also showed the most positive effects on limiting SY. It becomes evident that hillslope interventions are necessary, as they allow increasing infiltration, reducing both runoff volume and stream power when the flow reaches the roads. For rainfall events of higher magnitude, it was observed that HI was responsible for reducing Qp between 9 and 25%, while during smaller events, this reduction reached 61 to 93%. This indicates the importance of managing roads in order to reduce runoff energy and concentration, but also to take measures on hillslopes to limit overland flow and erosion inputs, as well as to delay peak Q.</p>

scholarly journals Multi-criteria analysis of road bitumen production processes by oxidation of refined petroleum products

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Yuliya E. Pleshivtseva ◽  
Artem V. Kazarinov ◽  
Мaksim Yu. Derevyanov
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
The Road ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
Mathematical Programming Problems

Based on the DEA method, an approach has been developed for the multivariate analysis of the road bitumen production processes, allowing obtaining integral comparative assessments that ensure the ranking of processes according to various heterogeneous criteria. The main quantitative characteristics, qualitative indicators, and technological parameters of the oxidation processes are selected to form target functions when solving mathematical programming problems. Based on the CCR and Super Efficiency models of the DEA method, the problems of multivariate analysis of the efficiency of road bitumen production processes for the actual values ​​of the characteristics of raw materials and parameters of technological processes were formulated and solved, a comparative analysis of the estimates obtained for 64 bitumen samples was carried out. The results of the studies carried out make it possible to significantly expand the scope of the DEA method application and create on its basis a software package for multivariate analysis and optimization of bitumen production processes by improving the quality of the final product, reducing the resources for its production and reducing the negative impact on the environment.

Impact of Chinese Expressway on the Ecological Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuo Gong Wang ◽  
Hui Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Lead Pollution ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
The Road

Expressway has a deep, irreversible influence on the ecological environment. Through assessment and evaluation on several expressways in the territory of China, this paper shows that the main source of air pollution caused by expressway is motor vehicle exhaust and dominated by lead pollution; noise pollution caused by expressway is mainly traffic pollution along the road during operation. However, the noise pollution is seriously overweight; the construction and operation of expressway has an impact on water environment, water and soil conservation and living environment for animals and plants. At the same time, the closure of expressway operation has impeditive functions to residents living along the road.

scholarly journals Land Consolidations as an Effective Instrument in Soil Conservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Kadlec ◽  
Daniel Žížala ◽  
Ivan Novotný ◽  
Darina Heřmanovská ◽  
Jiří Kapička ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
Landscape Ecological

AbstractKadlec V., Žížala D., Novotný I., Heřmanovská D., Kapička J., Tippl M.: Land consolidations as an effective instrument in soil conservation. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 33, No. 2, p. 188-200, 2014.In the Czech Republic, more than 50% of agricultural land is threatened by water erosion, which is tremendously increasing during last couple of years. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with soil conservation as soon as possible. Land consolidations (LCs) are thus an important tool for implementation of soil, water and landscape conservation measures. It is possible to arrange land ownerships by them. They also arrange land spatially and functionally, provide availability of parcels and their land use in public interest. Besides that, environmental improvement, soil conservation, water management and increase in landscape ecological stability supplement the use of LCs. The results of soil consolidations serve for renewal of cadastral records and for the backgrounds for landscape planning. The aim of the research was to evaluate the selected site (district Plzeň - South) with regard to the amounts and limits of proposed and implemented measures in LC process. The research was processed on the basis of detailed analysis regarding erosion risk and runoff conditions in GIS compared with the previous data (before LC).

scholarly journals Studi evaluasi kualitas visual lanskap koridor Jalan Sumbersari – Gajayana Kota Malang

2021 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Irawan Setyabudi ◽  
Debora Budiyono ◽  
Fedrich Pernandes
Keyword(s):  
Visual Quality ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Scenic Beauty ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
The Road ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Road Corridors

The corridor landscape that is on a commercial road with a lot of user activity can affect the visual quality of the road corridor landscape. The Sumbersari-Gajayana road corridor is one of the commercial roads that has centers of education to economic activities and services. The problem is the large number of community activities that are not supported by the width of the road resulting in congestion, the number of shop houses for businesses, the lack of parking space, narrow and disconnected pedestrians, the number of banners and billboards, so the combination of these facts disturbs the visual quality of the road corridors, however, some point is precisely the potential that must be preserved. This study used the analysis technique of Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) and Semantic Differential (SD) with 30 respondents who were students of Landscape Architecture. The evaluation results show that the corridor landscape of Jalan Sumbersari-Gajayana has high (T), medium (S), and low (R) aesthetic qualities which have a relationship between SBE and SD analysis techniques on the aesthetic elements of the road corridor landscape.

Statistical analysis of classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
T. J. Deeming
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

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