scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC CHANGES AND POST-PLANTING GROWTH AS A RESPONSE TO HARDENING ON Tabebuia roseo-alba SEEDLINGS

FLORESTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Danielle ACCO Cadorin ◽  
Ubirajara Contro Malavasi ◽  
Marlene De Matos Malavasi ◽  
João Alexandre Lopes Dranski ◽  
Pablo Wenderson Ribeiro Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Stem Bending ◽  
Test Treatments ◽  
Root Tissues

The essay evaluated morphometric changes in response to stem bending and jasmonic acid on Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl). Sand. seedlings. We tested 20 daily stem bendings and applications of 1 μmol L-1 of jasmonic acid for 4 or 8 weeks. Stem bending for 8 weeks resulted in seedlings with fewer leaves and smaller shoot dry biomass compared to seedlings subjected to the other treatments. The results of electrolyte leakage from root tissues of control seedlings showed higher value compared to results from seedlings subjected to the test treatments. After planting, we did not detect differences in height and diameter increments from seedlings subjected to the test treatments. Therefore, hardening methods did not improve post-planting seedling growth.

Phytotoxic effects of extract and essential oil of Eucalyptus saligna (Myrtaceae) leaf litter on grassland species

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane R. Silva ◽  
Diana C. Lazarotto ◽  
Joséli Schwambach ◽  
Gerhard E. Overbeck ◽  
Geraldo L. G. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Grassland Species

Under Eucalyptus plantations in the South Brazilian grassland region, few plants establish, and allelopathy may be involved in shaping this pattern. We aimed to assess the phytotoxicity of essential oil and aqueous extract of Eucalyptus saligna Sm. leaf litter on grassland species. We tested the effects of E. saligna pure oil and extract on germination, seedling growth, H2O2 levels and electrolyte leakage of seedling membranes of Paspalum notatum Flüggé, Eragrostis plana Ness (Poaceae), Trifolium repens L. and Lotus corniculatus L. (Fabaceae). Essential oil and aqueous extract of E. saligna affected all recipient species, even at the lowest amounts/concentrations, inhibiting germination and initial growth, and also increasing H2O2 levels and electrolyte leakage of seedling membranes. Essential oil consisted mainly of monoterpenes and presented α-pinene and 1,8-cineole as the major compounds. The extract contained phenolics, and lower levels of these compounds in the extract were associated with decreased phytotoxicity. We conclude that E. saligna contains phytotoxic compounds in leaf litter that generate oxidative stress and lead to membrane damage, affecting seeds and seedling growth. In addition, we relate E. saligna phytotoxicity to monoterpenes that may be released from leaf litter by volatilisation, and phenolics that may be leached by rainfall. Our study indicates that E. saligna has allelopathic potential on the tested grassland species.

Phytotoxicity of clove oil and its primary constituent eugenol and the role of leaf epicuticular wax in the susceptibility to these essential oils

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke D. Bainard ◽  
Murray B. Isman ◽  
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Leaf Epicuticular Wax

Herbicidal activities of clove oil and its primary constituent eugenol on broccoli, common lambsquarters, and redroot pigweed and the role of crystalline leaf epicuticular wax (LEW) in susceptibility and retention of these essential oils were studied. Clove oil (2.5%) and eugenol (1.5%) were applied to leaves of greenhouse-grown broccoli, common lambsquarters, and redroot pigweed seedlings and effects on seedling growth and leaf cell membrane integrity were studied. Compared with eugenol, clove oil caused greater inhibition of seedling growth in all species. Both eugenol and clove oil caused greater loss of membrane integrity and inhibition of seedling growth in redroot pigweed, which has no crystalline LEW, compared with common lambsquarters, which has a thick layer of crystalline LEW. In broccoli seedlings with LEW, clove oil caused greater inhibition of growth than eugenol. Both clove oil and eugenol caused greater electrolyte leakage from broccoli leaves without LEW than in the leaves with LEW. Removal of LEW increased electrolyte leakage, an indicator of cell membrane damage, by 97% in eugenol-treated and 26% in clove oil–treated broccoli leaves. Susceptibility of broccoli seedlings and possibly some weed species may, therefore, be affected by factors (e.g., genetic, environmental) that influence the amount of LEW. Although the presence of LEW greatly reduced the retention of the essential oil solutions, there was no significant difference between the retention of clove oil and eugenol solutions, indicating that differences in their phytotoxicity to broccoli leaves was not due to differential foliar retention.

Growth and Development of Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) Selections in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. Brecke ◽  
Piotr Tobola
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Dry Biomass

Wild poinsettia is a serious weed in several crops, including peanut, grown in the southeastern United States. A study was conducted over 3 yr at Jay, FL, to characterize the growth and development of wild poinsettia grown from seed collected at Plains, GA; Marianna, FL; and Baton Rouge, LA. Seedlings from each selection were transplanted to the field and were grown either alone or in competition with peanut. Observations made throughout the growing season indicated that the Louisiana selection flowered later, grew to a larger size, produced more leaf area and biomass, and caused greater light attenuation and peanut yield reduction than the other two selections. The Georgia selection produced the smallest plants, least leaf area and biomass, and was least competitive with peanut. The Florida selection was intermediate for these parameters. Wild poinsettia dry biomass production was reduced by 78 to 83% when grown with peanut compared with monoculture wild poinsettia.

scholarly journals Effects of Site, Genotype and Subsequent Harvest Rotation on Willow Productivity

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski ◽  
Michał Krzyżaniak ◽  
Dariusz Załuski ◽  
Józef Tworkowski ◽  
Stefan Szczukowski
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
High Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
Biometric Features

Perennial crops harvested in short rotations provide substantial amounts of biomass. This study determined the survival rate, biometric features and yield of fresh and dry biomass of 15 willow genotypes (including seven varieties and eight clones), cultivated at two different sites in two consecutive three-year harvest rotations. The study revealed the very high impact of the genotype (81% of the total variance) on the willow yield. The harvest rotation, along with the genotype, had a significant impact on the plant survival rate and the number of shoots per stool. Willow biomass was mainly affected by the plant height, its survival rate and shoot diameter. The significantly highest fresh (106 Mg ha−1) and dry biomass yield (54.0 Mg ha−1) was obtained from the Żubr variety of S. viminalis, which distinguished this variety from the other genotypes. The mean yield for the best three and five genotypes was 13% and 17% lower, respectively, and the mean yield for the whole experiment was 37% lower compared to the mean yield of the best variety (Żubr). Therefore, the choice of a willow genotype is of key importance for successful willow production.

scholarly journals Structural and Biochemical Changes in Salicylic-Acid-Treated Date Palm Roots Challenged withFusarium oxysporumf. sp.albedinis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhi Dihazi ◽  
Mohammed Amine Serghini ◽  
Fatima Jaiti ◽  
Fouad Daayf ◽  
Azeddine Driouich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Marked Cell ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Induced Proteins

Histochemical and ultrastructural analyses were carried out to assess structural and biochemical changes in date palm roots pretreated with salicylic acid (SA) then inoculated withFusarium oxysporumf. sp.albedinis(Foa). Flavonoids, induced proteins, and peroxidase activity were revealed in root tissues of SA-treated plants after challenge by Foa. These reactions were closely associated with plant resistance to Foa. Host reactions induced after inoculation of SA-treated plants with Foa included the plugging of intercellular spaces, the deposition of electron-dense materials at the sites of pathogen penetration, and several damages to fungal cells. On the other hand, untreated inoculated plants showed marked cell wall degradation and total cytoplasm disorganization, indicating the protective effects provided by salicylic acid in treated plants.

scholarly journals Valorization of Vineyard By-Products to Obtain Composted Digestate and Biochar Suitable for Nursery Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Production

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Enrico Francia ◽  
Giulio Allesina ◽  
Simone Pedrazzi ◽  
Massimo Zaccardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
By Products

Although compost and biochar received high attention as growing media, little information is available on the potential of vineyard by-products for the production and use of composted solid digestate (CSD) and biochar (BC). In the present study, two experiments are reported on CSD and BC mixed with commercial peat (CP) for grapevine planting material production. Four doses (0, 10%, 20%, 40% vol.) of CSD and BC were assessed in the first and second experiment, respectively. CSD mixed at a dose of 10% recorded the highest values of shoot dry weight (SDW) and a fraction of total dry biomass allocated to shoot (FTS), both cropping bench-graft and bare-rooted vine. On the other hand, CSD mixed at a dose of 40% displayed the highest values of SDW and FTS, cropping two-year-old vine. BC used at a dose of 10% improved SDW, root dry weight, total dry weight, FTS, shoot diameter, and height on bare-rooted vine. The present study shows that CSD and BC, coming from the valorization of vineyard by-products, can be used in the production of innovative growing media suitable for nursery grapevine production. Further studies are needed to assess the combined applications of CSD and BC in the same growing media.

ASEPTIC BROOMRAPE INFECTION OF TOMATO ROOT CULTURE

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Losner-Goshen ◽  
Graham Ben-Hod ◽  
M. Alfred Mayer ◽  
Daniel Joel M.
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Root Culture ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Host Root ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Root Tissues

The parasitic plants of the genus Orobanche (broomrape) are important pathogens of numerous agricultural crops throughout the world. The understanding of biochemical mechanisms involved in the penetration of Orobanche haustorium into host root tissues faces difficulties due to the presence of microorganisms. Here we describe an aseptic in vitro system, in which normal broomrape seedlings infect host roots grown in culture, instead of the previously reported infection of intact host plants by Orobanche calli. This system is based on divided Petri plates with two different culture media: one part of the dish contains a rich medium suitable for the support of host root culture, the other part contains a medium with no organic nutrients and no hormones and is therefore suitable for infection of host roots by Orobanche. Roots that are supported by the first medium pass to the other side of the petri dish where they stimulate broomrape seed germination and are infected by the emerging broomrape seedlings.

IMPACT OF SEASON AND HARVEST FREQUENCY ON BIOMASS AND ESSENTIAL OIL YIELDS OF ARTEMISIA HERBA-ALBA CULTIVATED IN SOUTHERN TUNISIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEDI MIGHRI ◽  
AHMED AKROUT ◽  
JOSEPH CASANOVA ◽  
FELIX TOMI ◽  
MOHAMED NEFFATI
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

SUMMARYArtemisia herba-alba Asso has been successfully cultivated in the Tunisian arid zone. However, information regarding the effects of the harvest frequency on its biomass and essential oil yields is very limited. In this study, the effects of three different frequencies of harvesting the upper half of the A. herba-alba plant tuft were compared. The harvest treatments were: harvesting the same individual plants at the flowering stage annually; harvesting the same individual plants at the full vegetative growth stage annually and harvesting the same individual plants every six months. Statistical analyses indicated that all properties studied were affected by the harvest frequency. Essential oil yield, depended both on the dry biomass and its essential oil content, and was significantly higher from plants harvested annually at the flowering stage than the other two treatments. The composition of the β- and α-thujone-rich oils did not vary throughout the experimental period.

scholarly journals Allelopathy in two species of Chenopodium -inhibition of germination and seedling growth of certain weeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash C. Datta ◽  
Kaasi N. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Field Soils

The activity of washed leaf and inflorescence material of <em>Chenopodium ambrosioides</em> and <em>C. murale</em>, decaying leaves and inflorescences, and field soils collected beneath <em>Chenopodium</em> plants were examined in terms of the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of five weeds, viz. <em>Abutilon indicum, Cassia sophera</em> var. <em>purpurea, C. tora, Evolvulus numularius</em> and <em>Tephrosia hamiltonii</em>. The allelopathic pattern varied in each of the two test species and this depended on the type of test matter. However, the germination as well as the root and hypocotyl growth of <em>A. indicum</em> and <em>E. nummularius</em> were more hampered by phytotoxins or inhibitors from <em>Chenopodium</em> than were the other weeds. Since the leaf and inflorescence of Chenopodium formed the source of inhibitors, the respective plant-parts from the two species were chemically analysed and the presence of three terpenes (p-cymene, ascaridole and aritazone) from <em>C. ambrosioides</em> and an organic acid (oxalic acid) from <em>C. murale</em> were implicated in the allelopathic effect.

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