Valorization of Vineyard By-Products to Obtain Composted Digestate and Biochar Suitable for Nursery Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Production

Although compost and biochar received high attention as growing media, little information is available on the potential of vineyard by-products for the production and use of composted solid digestate (CSD) and biochar (BC). In the present study, two experiments are reported on CSD and BC mixed with commercial peat (CP) for grapevine planting material production. Four doses (0, 10%, 20%, 40% vol.) of CSD and BC were assessed in the first and second experiment, respectively. CSD mixed at a dose of 10% recorded the highest values of shoot dry weight (SDW) and a fraction of total dry biomass allocated to shoot (FTS), both cropping bench-graft and bare-rooted vine. On the other hand, CSD mixed at a dose of 40% displayed the highest values of SDW and FTS, cropping two-year-old vine. BC used at a dose of 10% improved SDW, root dry weight, total dry weight, FTS, shoot diameter, and height on bare-rooted vine. The present study shows that CSD and BC, coming from the valorization of vineyard by-products, can be used in the production of innovative growing media suitable for nursery grapevine production. Further studies are needed to assess the combined applications of CSD and BC in the same growing media.

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Polyphenols From Vitis vinifera Lambrusco By-Products (Leaves From Pruning): Extraction Parameters Evaluation Through Design of Experiment

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x19862906 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1986290 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Massimo Tacchini ◽

Ilaria Burlini ◽

Immacolata Maresca ◽

Alessandro Grandini ◽

Tatiana Bernardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Design Of Experiment ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Wine Industry ◽

Raw Material ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

By Products

Vitis vinifera L. leaves from pruning are by-products of the wine industry and represent an important source of secondary raw material, thanks to their polyphenols content. Optimization of the extraction processes is a key factor for their valorization, and Design of Experiment (DOE) could be a tool to obtain the most performing extract in terms of polyphenols quality/quantity and bioactivity. Vitis vinifera Lambrusco leaves were subjected to ultrasound-assisted extractions guided by a 23 factorial design. Three independent parameters (% solvent, time of extraction, and solvent:solid ratio) were considered to evaluate the extraction process by analyzing the extraction yield, the total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), and the antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay). Moreover, the content of the main molecules was identified and quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry. The DOE highlighted the best extraction conditions that showed slight changes considering the different evaluating parameters. The highest extraction yield was obtained by extraction with 100% water, 60 minutes of extraction time, and 30:1 solvent:solid ratio, but it was neither the richest in polyphenols nor antioxidant capacity. The latter 2 characteristics were associated with the extraction performed using 50% ethanol, 35 minutes of extraction time, and a 20:1 solvent:solid ratio. That extract also exhibited the highest quantity of flavonols.

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Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of semi-dwarf and tall varieties of winter wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600056604 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 31-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

I. Pearman ◽

S. M. Thomas ◽

G. N. Thorne

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Main Effects ◽

Dwarf Variety

SummaryEight amounts of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 210 kg N/ha were applied to two tall and one semi-dwarf variety of winter wheat in the spring of 1975 and 1976. The tall varieties were Cappelle-Desprez and Maris Huntsman; the semi-dwarf variety was Maris Fundin in 1975 and Hobbit in 1976. Interactions between varieties and nitrogen were few and small compared with the main effects. All varieties produced their maximum grain yields with 180 kg N/ha. The yield of the semi-dwarf varieties, but not the others, decreased slightly with more nitrogen.Cappelle-Desprez yielded less grain than the other varieties in both years. In 1975 the yields of Maris Fundin and Maris Huntsman were similar and in 1976 Hobbit yielded more than Maris Huntsman. The varieties had similar numbers of ears at maturity and similar patterns of tillering. The semi-dwarf varieties had most grains per spikelet, and hence grains per ear, and Cappelle-Desprez had least. The semi-dwarf varieties had the smallest grains. The semi-dwarf varieties had less straw than the other varieties and hence the largest ratios of grain to total above-ground dry weight. The decrease in dry weight of stem and leaves between anthesis and maturity was similar for all varieties. In 1975 the efficiency of the top two leaves plus top internode in producing grain was the same for all varieties, but in 1976 Hobbit was more efficient than the other two. There were some small differences between varieties in nutrient uptake that were not related to differences in growth. Maris Fundin tended to have a greater phosphorus and potassium content than the tall varieties. Hobbit contained slightly less nitrogen than the tall varieties at maturity, and had a smaller concentration of nitrogen in the grain.Applying 210 kg N/ha doubled grain yield in 1975. Applying nitrogen resulted in a largeincrease in number of ears and a small increase in number of grains per ear due to the development of more fertile spikelets per ear. Nitrogen decreased dry weight per grain, especially of the semi-dwarf varieties. With extra nitrogen, straw dry weight at maturity, shoot dry weight atanthesis and leaf area were all increased relatively more than grain yield, and stems lost moredry weight between anthesis and maturity than without nitrogen. The year 1976 was exceptionallydry and nitrogen had only small effects in that it affected neither straw dry weight nor numberof ears but slightly increased grain yield by increasing the number of spikelets and number of grains per spikelet. It also increased leaf area proportionately to grain yield. In 1975 nitrogen increased evaporation of water from the crop before anthesis but decreased it after anthesis, even though it continued to increase the extraction of water from below 90 cm.

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Growth of mango (Mangifera indica L.) rootstocks as influenced by pre-sowing treatments

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i1.1234 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 582-586

Author(s):

R. J. Patel ◽

T. R. Ahlawat ◽

A. I. Patel ◽

J. J. Amarcholi ◽

B. B. Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Root Length ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Survival Percentage ◽

Total Dry Weight

An experiment was carried out at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2014 to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing treatments on survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks. Mango stones were soaked in aqueous solutions of GA3 (100 and 200 ppm), Beejamruth (2 % and 3 %) and Thiourea (1 % and 2 %) for 12 and 24 hours. The trial was evaluated in Completely Randomized Design based on factorial concept and the treatments were replicated thrice. Imposition of treatments led to significant differences at 5 % level of significance for all parameters chosen in this study. Mango stones when treated with Thiourea at 1 % had the maximum shoot length (49.93 cm), root length (34.38 cm), shoot dry weight (21.08 g) and total dry weight (26.36 g). The highest number of lateral roots (10.90) and survival percentage (64.17) was observed in mango stones dipped in 100 ppm GA3. Between the two soaking duration, soaking mango stones for 24 hours recorded higher values for shoot length (45.03 cm), root length (32.79 cm), number of lateral roots (9.83), survival percentage (62.72), shoot root fresh weight ratio (4.30), shoot dry weight (21.33 g), total dry weight (26.28 g) and shoot root dry weight ratio (4.32). Thus, survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks can be substantially improved by soaking mango stones in aqueous solutions of 100 ppm GA3 or Thiourea at 1 % for 24 hours before sowing.

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INFLUENCE OF SOME ROOTSTOCK ON THE GROWTH AND QUALITY OF THE VINE PLANTING MATERIAL OF THE MAVRUD VARIETY

Trakia Journal of Sciences ◽

10.15547/tjs.2019.04.013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 371-374

Author(s):

M. Mihaylov

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

19Th Century ◽

Biological Characteristics ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Red Wines ◽

Planting Material ◽

The 19Th Century

The direction related with production of vine planting material originated from the 19th century, after the advent of Phylloxera vastatrix F. in which a large part of the vineyards in Bulgaria and the main wine-growing countries were destroyed. Only solution was proposed for grafting vine varieties from Vitis vinifera L. on resistant rootstocks. A number of biological characteristics of the vine influence both the nursery for scions and the rootstock nursery. One of them, which is main is the affinity of different rootstocks on the different vine varieties. In the southern Bulgaria, where the Mavrud variety is characteristic, high losses are observed due to the low yield of first-class vines. In Bulgaria, the Mavrud variety is highly valued due to its biological qualities, resulting in extracts and dense red wines that have glorified our country.

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Генетический полиморфизм редких и малораспространенных аборигенных донских генотипов L

Magarach. Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie ◽

10.35547/im.2019.21.3.002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 191-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena Ilnitskaya ◽

Lyudmila Naumova ◽

Valentina Ganich ◽

Sergey Tokmakov ◽

Marina Makarkina

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

The Other ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Separate Branch ◽

History Of ◽

The Difference ◽

Dna Profiles ◽

Basic Minimum

История виноградарства на Дону насчитывает несколько веков, местные сорта винограда многообразны и специфичны. Микросателлитные маркеры широко используются для генотипирования сортов и подвоев винограда, при изучении происхождения сортов и анализе их родословной. Целью исследования было изучение выборки редких и малораспространенных автохтонных донских сортов и сравнение их с другими аборигенными донскими генотипами на основе данных ДНК-анализа. В исследования включены 23 стародавних донских сорта. Генотипирование проводили методом микросателлитного профилирования. В исследовании использовали микросателлитные маркеры (SSR), рекомендованные в качестве основного минимального набора для ДНК-паспортизации сортов вида Vitis vinifera L.: VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VVS2, VrZAG62 и VrZAG79. По результатам проведенного анализа все изученные образцы показали сорт-специфическую комбинацию аллелей в идентифицированных ДНК-профилях. Количество выявленных аллелей составило в среднем 8 аллелей/локус. Наибольший полиморфизм в исследовании этой группы донских сортов был обнаружен в локусе VVMD5: идентифицировано 10 аллелей на локус, наименьшее - в локусе VrZAG62: 6 аллелей/локус. Основываясь на данных SSR-анализа, степень генетического сходства сортов оценивали с использованием метода UPGMA. Кластерный анализ матрицы генетических дистанций, созданный на основе выявленных значений аллелей в шести микросателлитных локусах исследуемых сортов, определил несколько групп генотипов. Сорт Красностоп золотовский выделился в отдельную ветвь, что указывает на различия между этим генотипом и другими сортами исследуемой выборки. Наивысший уровень генетического сходства наблюдался между следующими парами сортов: Крестовский и Бургундский, Шилохвостый и Мушкетный, Кумшацкий черный и Ефремовский.The history of viticulture on the Don goes back several centuries. Local grapevine varieties are diverse and peculiar. Microsatellite markers are widely used in genotyping grapevine cultivars and rootstocks, in grapevine origin and breeding background analysis. Our study aimed to examine samples of rare and less common autochthonous Don varieties, and compare them with the other aboriginal Don genotypes using DNA data. The study involved 23 traditional Don varieties. The genotyping was done by microsatellite profiling. The study used microsatellite (SSR) markers recommended as the basic minimum set for DNA-certification of the genotypes of Vitis vinifera L.: VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VVS2, VrZAG62 and VrZAG79. Based on the findings, all the studied samples demonstrated variety-specific combination of alleles in the identified DNA profiles. The number of detected alleles on average was 8 alleles/locus. The greatest polymorphism in the studied group of Don varieties was detected in VVMD5 locus: 10 alleles per locus were identified, the smallest in VrZAG62 locus: 6 alleles/locus. UPGMA method was used to assess the extent of genetic similarity of the varieties based on SSR-genotyping data. Based on determined allele values of the studied varieties, cluster analysis of the genetic distances matrix determined several groups of genotypes. ‘Krasnostop zolotovskiy’ variety stood out as a separate branch, which indicates the difference between this genotype and the other varieties of the studied sampling. The highest level of genetic similarity was observed between the following pairs of varieties: ‘Krestovskiy’ and ‘Burgundskiy’, ‘Shilohvostyi’ and ‘Mushketnyi’, ‘Kumshatskiy chornyi’ and ‘Efremovskiy’.

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Assessing Quantitative Criteria for Characterization of Quality Categories for Grafted Watermelon Seedlings

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae5010016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Filippos Bantis ◽

Athanasios Koukounaras ◽

Anastasios Siomos ◽

Georgios Menexes ◽

Christodoulos Dangitsis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Important Species ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Quality Categories ◽

Critical Limits ◽

Experienced Personnel

Vegetable grafting is a practice employed worldwide since it helps prevent biotic and abiotic disorders, and watermelon is one of the most important species grafted. The objective of this study was to set critical limits for the characterization of quality categories for grafted watermelon seedlings. Specifically, watermelon (scion) seedlings were grafted onto squash (rootstock) seedlings, moved into a healing chamber for 7 days, and then transferred into a greenhouse for seven more days. At 7 and 14 days after grafting, experienced personnel assessed grafted seedling quality by categorizing them. The categories derived were Optimum and Acceptable for both time intervals, plus Not acceptable at 14 days after grafting. Optimum seedlings showed greater leaf area, and shoot and root fresh and dry weights at both time intervals. Moreover, they had greater stem diameter, root-to-shoot ratio, shoot dry weight-to-length ratio and Dickson’s quality index compared to the other category at 14 days after grafting. Therefore, Optimum seedlings would likely develop into marketable plants of high quality, with better establishment in the field. Not acceptable seedlings showed considerably inferior development, while Acceptable seedlings were between the other categories, but were still marketable.

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Cycle de développement, croissance et production de Pisidium amnicum (Mollusca: Bivalvia) dans le Saint-Laurent (Québec)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z81-314 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 59 (12) ◽

pp. 2350-2359 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. Vincent ◽

G. Vaillancourt ◽

N. Lafontaine

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Sexual Maturity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

The Other ◽

Annual Production ◽

Bithynia Tentaculata ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

St Lawrence River

The population dynamics of Pisidium amnicum have been studied in one population of the St. Lawrence River over a 2-year period during which 19 samples were taken. The species can live up to 3 years and it is iteroparous; individuals generally attain sexual maturity after 1 year and they reproduce twice, once at 2 and once at 3 years of age. In adults, mortality is lower in winter than during the rest of the year and mortality rates are twice as high during the 1st year than during the 2nd year. Total dry weight (PT, in milligrams) is related to maximum length (L, in millimetres) according to the equation PT = 0.0283∙L3,80 and flesh dry weight (PC, in milligrams) is related to length as follows: PC = 0.007∙L3,18. The annual production to mean biomass (P/B) ratio is 1.4, the mean annual production being 1.298 mg/m2 of total dry weight and 107 mg/m2 of flesh weight. Comparing these results with those obtained for the gastropod Bithynia tentaculata in the same environment and at the same period of the year has shown that the growth of Pisidium amnicum is far less influenced by the temperature regime than that of the other species and that its production is at least 10 times lower.

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Profiling of primary metabolites in grapes of interspecific grapevine varieties: sugars and organic acids

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/257/2010-cjfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 361-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P. Pavloušek ◽

M. Kumšta

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Hplc Method ◽

The Other ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Primary Metabolites ◽

Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽

The Individual

The quality of grapes is determined above all by the contents of the primary and secondary metabolites. The primary metabolites involve sugars and organic acids, and just these compounds are dealt with in this study. Its objective was to analyse and critically evaluate the primary metabolites in new interspecific varieties and, based on a comparison with European varieties of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), to find out the similarities and also possible differences between them. The study evaluates and compares 4 conventional varieties of Vitis vinifera with 11 new interspecific cultivars. The contents and compositions of the individual sugars and acids were estimated by means of the HPLC method. Most of these varieties belong to the group with either medium or low content of malic acid, i.e. with a medium to high β ratio. This corroborates the similarity of interspecific varieties to those of V. vinifera. The cluster analysis identified the existence of two interesting groups of varieties: the first one involved the varieties Riesling, Nativa, Marlen, and Kofranka while the other group consisted of varieties Blaufränkisch, Blauer Portugieser, and Laurot. This observation also indicates similarity between Vitis vinifera L. varieties and interspecific cultivars and demonstrates that the contents of the primary metabolites (i.e. sugars and organic acids) are also comparable.

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Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Salak (Salacca Zallaca) terhadap Dosis Spora Endomikoriza pada Media Pembawa Pasir Kuarsa dan Zeolit

Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science ◽

10.24843/ajoas.2020.v10.i01.p03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

NI KADEK ARYANI ◽

I NYOMAN RAI ◽

NI NYOMAN ARI MAYADEWI

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Quartz Sand ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Root Infection ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Leaf P

Response of Salak Seedlings (Salacca Zallaca) Growth to Dosage of Endomycorrhizal Spore in Quartz Sand and Zeolite Carrier Media. This study aimed to study the effect of endomycorrhizal spore dosage and carrier media that were applied directly to the roots of salak plants. The research designed as factorisl by using Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was number of endomycorrhiza spores consists of 4 levels i.e 0, 75, 150, and 225 spores per 500 g carrier media per polybag, while the second factor was the type of carrier media consist of 2 levels i.e zeolite and quartz sand. The results showed that interaction between endomycorrhizal spore dosage with carrier media did not significantly influence the growth of salak seedlings. Endomycorrhizal spores in doses of 75, 150 and 225 spores per polybag increased root infection and leaf P nutrient content compared to control, but seed height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight of seedlings not significantly difference. The zeolite carrier media caused root infection by mycorrhizal was higher than quartz sand media, but the P nutrient uptake and seedling growth were not significantly different. Based on the results of this study it is necessary to make a longer observation of the effect of endomycorrhizal spore doses and carrier media on the growth of salak seedlings.

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MINIATURE POTTED ROSE PRODUCTION USING COMPOSTED POULTRY LITTER AS A MEDIA COMPONENT

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.3.432e ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 432e-432

Author(s):

Garry V. McDonald ◽

H. Brent Pemberton ◽

Marvin L. Baker ◽

Jo Mondier

Keyword(s):

Poultry Litter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Flowering Plants ◽

The Other ◽

High Quality ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Short Cycle ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

The Poor ◽

Media Component

Liners of Rosa `MEIrutral' (=Red Sunblaze) were potted in 11.5-cm pots using Fison's Sunshine Mix no. 2 amended with 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% composted poultry litter (PL) by volume. Plants were grown for 3 weeks before cutting back to 5 cm for final forcing (short-cycle) and were fertilized with 200 mg N/liter from 20N–8.9P–16.6K on a three feed and one leach schedule for the duration of the experiment. By flowering, plants growing in the 30% PL media were dead or stunted. However, there was little difference in total number of flowers, days to flower, and root and shoot dry weight between the other treatments. Media pH rose from 6.6 to 7.4 and EC rose from 0.7 to 6 millimhos with increasing PL content. This result alone could explain the poor growth in the highest PL rate treatment. However, tissue N levels were supraoptimal for the 20% and 30% PL rates, and tissue P levels were excessive for all PL rates. If a high-quality source of composted PL is available, it could be used as a media component for potted rose production at rates <20%, but monitoring of pH and EC and modifying fertilization techniques may be necessary to ensure success.

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