scholarly journals Performance Improvement of Shallow Solar Pond using Nanoparticles

Countries are going through shortage of energy source; consequently the futures are looking for alternative source of energy. A very high potential Source of alternative source of energy is solar energy. Solar pond as one way to utilize solar energy and shallow solar pond (SSP) is one type of solar pond. Shallow solar pond can be built easily and at a comparatively low cost over large space, using and storing solar energy on a grand scale. They can’t pollute the air, and coupled with desalting units, they can be used to purify water. Shallow Solar ponds with nanoparticles give a great result. In this work two shallow solar ponds were constructed and installed side by side to study the effect of adding aluminum oxide AL2O3 nanoparticles on the performance of the ponds (one with nanoparticles , while the other one without ). It was found that the performance of the shallow solar pond in general was improved by addition of nanoparticles , with an increase in the temperature of the lower convective zone varies between 2.1oC to 11.3oC, with the maximum increase is obtained when 0.2% concentration of nanoparticles.

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Sogukpinar Haci ◽  
Bozkurt Ismail ◽  
Cag Serkan

Solar ponds are heat storage systems where solar energy is collected and stored thermally. Solar ponds were discovered during the temperature variations in the lower regions of existing saltwater pond in the area is found to be higher than their surface. Later, it was constructed artificially and started to be used. These systems have heat storage capacity at moderate temperatures. Solar pons are used in many areas such as electricity generation, heating the environment, meeting the need of hot water, drying food and obtaining fresh water from salty water. In this study, the studies about solar ponds were summarized, the construction of solar pond was explained, and the application areas were examined.


2018 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhandapani Sathish ◽  
M. Veeramanikandan ◽  
R. Thirunavukkarasu ◽  
R. Tamilselvan ◽  
T. Karthickmunisamy

Solar energy is being used in many ways, but the easiest to trap solar energy is solar pond. Solar Ponds absorb the solar energy and the absorbed solar energy will be taken away by a streaming fluid. A non-convective solar pond has been constructed to investigate the temperature variations of it, in the weather conditions of Pachapalayam, Coimbatore. Solar pond with a surface area of 1.7m2, a depth of 0.5m has been built-up and an inflexible surface is maintained at the bottom using a dark-colored (blackened) HDPE sheet, thermo styrene for capturing the heat in a good amount. Measurement of the temperature at depths of 0.05, 0.1. 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4 0.45, m from the base of the pond and ambient temperature were taken using washer type thermocouples. Solar radiations were taken during a period of 10 days of experimentation using a solar power meter. In this experimental work investigated the performance of solar pond with NaCl salt and coal cinder


2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1521-1524
Author(s):  
Chun Juan Gao ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Hai Hong Wu ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xi Ping Huang

The solar ponds with a surface of 0.3m2were filled with different concentration salt water and fresh water. The three layer’s structure of solar ponds was formed in the laboratory ponds by using the salinity redistribution. The performance and diffusion of salinity were xperimentally in the solar pond. The measurements were taken and recorded daily at various locations in the salt-gradient solar pond during a period of 30 days of experimentation. The experimental results showed that the salinity gradient layer can sustain a longer time when the lower convective zone is thicker, which is benefit to store solar energy. Therefore, properly increasing the height of LCZ is a good method to enhance the solar pond performance.


e-xacta ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Silva ◽  
Allan Douglas Martins ◽  
Camila C. S. Braga ◽  
Carolina Cardoso Franco ◽  
Dyeice Amélia Sales ◽  
...  

<p align="justify">Com a previsível escassez dos recursos energéticos, as preocupações com as questões ambientais se tornam cada vez mais evidentes. Com isso, houve um incremento na busca de recursos alternativos para a produção de energia elétrica, principalmente aqueles baseados em fontes limpas e renováveis, como a energia solar. Para a conversão de energia solar em energia elétrica são utilizadas, na maioria das vezes, células solares fotovoltaicas, que se baseiam na propriedade semicondutora de silício. Como o custo dessa tecnologia ainda é muito alto, são propostos novos materiais para a substituição desse cristal, com destaque para a célula solar nanocristalina de dióxido de titânio (TiO2), acrescida de moléculas orgânicas de corantes. Essa célula apresenta vantagens em relação às células convencionais de silício, pois, na sua fabricação, são utilizados materiais disponíveis no mercado e corantes extraídos de plantas, modelo proposto por Gratzël, além de ser preparada através de processos simples e não poluentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é recriar as células solares nanocristalinas de dióxido de titânio, otimizando-a para a utilização de materiais com baixo custo, de modo que se obtenha a maior eficiência energética possível.</p><p align="justify">Abstract</p><p align="justify">With the expected shortage of energy resources, the concerns about environmental issues are becoming increasingly evident. Thus, there was an increase in search for alternative resources for energy production power, especially those based on clean sources and renewable energies such as solar energy. Converting solar energy into electrical energy, in most cases, solar cells photovoltaics, which based on property semiconductor silicon are used. As the cost of this technology is still very high, new materials are proposed for substitution this crystal, with emphasis on the cell nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) solar plus molecules organic dyes. This cell has advantages compared to conventional silicon cells, because in his manufacturing, available materials are used in the market and extracted dyes from plants, the model proposed its by Grätzel, besides being prepared through Simple and clean process. The goal of this essay is to recreate the nanocrystalline solar cells titanium dioxide, optimizing it to the use of materials with low cost, so as to obtain the energy efficient as possible.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Bárbara Campos Ferreira ◽  
Camila de Andrade Carvalho Gualberto ◽  
Georgy Fourtaine ◽  
Hamilton Seron Pereira ◽  
Gaspar Henrique Korndörfer ◽  
...  

The study evaluated the potential agricultural use of kamafugite as a multi-nutrient fertilizer in the cultivation of Urochloa brizantha. Two experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions, one using a Ferralsol and the other an Arenosol. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates, in a factorial scheme 4 &times; 2 + 2, comprising four doses of kamafugite (1667, 3334, 6668, and 13336 mg dm-3), two product forms (filler and powder), and two additional treatments, TSF + KCl and a control treatment without K2O and P2O5 application. The sources were incubated for 60 days on two soil types and, after the incubation period, Urochloa brizantha plants were grown and two consecutive cuts were performed. The kamafugite was efficient in increasing plant dry mass and the levels of P, K, Ca, and Mg accumulated in plants, mainly in the 2nd Urochloa brizantha crop. The granulometry filler was more efficient in the sandy soil and the form powder in the clayey soil. Kamafugite can be used as an alternative source of nutrients for the Urochloa brizantha crop, being a low-cost and a potential source to improve tropical soil fertility over time.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulghani M Ramadan ◽  
Khairy R Agha

Solar and renewable energies applications got a great interest and attention in the last few decades. Problems related to CO2 emissions, air pollution, Ozone layer depletion, global warming and environment issues raise the necessity for getting a clean and safe energy. For this purpose, the Center for Solar Energy Studies (CSERS) in Libya conducted a huge research work in different applications for solar and renewable energies. One of these important activities is the Solar Gradient Solar Pond technology. It is an effective solar energy collection and storage system which presents a relatively simple and economic method of providing low grade energy with the advantage of annual storage cycle.This paper presents a general review on researches and studies on solar ponds that were conducted by CSERS research team. Tajoura’s Experimental Solar Pond (TESP) is designed as an experimental facility enabling the investigation of various aspects of pond performance. It is constructed by the Center for Solar Energy Studies, in joint cooperation with a Swiss company, with a surface area of about 830 m2, and a depth of 2.5 m, coupled with an evaporative pond of 105 m2 area and 1.5 m deep, equipped with all necessary equipments and measuring control system.The paper also shows the experience of operating MSF desalination unit coupled with TESP solar pond. Finally, other factors affecting the solar pond’s thermal stability were also discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhandapani Sathish ◽  
R. Thirunavukkarasu ◽  
S. Jegadeeswaran ◽  
S. Periyasamy

On the increase of energy needs and rising environmental concern forces the use of renewable and to search the alternative source of energy for the polluting fossil fuels. The best alternative energy is solar which is being emitted by the sun and is collected and is stored in various thermal storage medium. Solar pond is one of the best ways to collect solar energy in that shallow solar pond is one of its type. From the name it implies the pond depth is small so the solar pond can be fabricated in a simple manner with very low cost covering large area. Previous research they have used baffle plates to find out the thermal performance, but this research brings out using CuO nano particles and has been examined experimentally. The shallow solar pond is built with a surface area of 1.7m2 with a depth of 0.5m. The experiment has been carried out during the month of April of 2016 under the climatic conditions of pachapalayam [Latitude 10.950N, Longitude 76.890E]. It was examined for the six successive sunny days and its temperature of lower convective zone varies from 1.3°C to 9.2°C, with the maximum rise in temperature is obtained when adding 0.8% concentration of nano particles.


Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.


Author(s):  
Femi Robert

Background: Switches are important component in electrical system. The switches needs to have the advantages of low ON-state resistance, very high OFF-state resistance, high isolation, no leakage current, less power loss, fast switching, high linearity, small size, arcless and low cost in bulk production. Also these switches have to be reliable and environmental friendly. Methods: In this paper, macro and microswitches for power applications are extensively reviewed and summarized. Various types of switches such as mechanical, solid-state, hybrid and micromechanical switches have been used for power applications are reviewed. The importance and challenge in achieving arcless switching is presented. Results: The use of micromechanical switches for power applications, actuation techniques, switching modes, reliability and lifetime are also reviewed. The modeling and design challenges are also reviewed. Conclusion: The applications of micromechanical switches shows that the switches can reduce the leakage current in battery operated systems and reduce the size of the system considerably.


Author(s):  
Cheng Tian ◽  
Chengcheng Li ◽  
Delun Chen ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
LEI XING ◽  
...  

Designing low-cost and efficient evaporation system to maximize solar energy utilization is of great importance for the emerging solar water purification technologies. Herein, we demonstrate a universal sandwich hydrogel by...


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