scholarly journals Sewage Quality Assessment of Various Places in Bilaspur City

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Parashar
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
And Behavior

The quantity, strength and type of sewage depends upon the population, Life style of people and the existence of different types of industries respectively and the amount of treatment required to be given to sewage depends very much upon the source of disposal. In Bilaspur the source of disposal of municipal as well as industrial waste water is Arpa River (Non perennial) which is known as life line of Bilaspur city. The climatic change has already turned the perennial Arpa River into non Perennial River and at this time the Urbanization, Industrial growth and improved standard of living of people of Bilaspur have increased the strength and quantity of sewage in recent years to a point where dilution alone can no longer be relied upon to prevent the undesirable effect of pollution. Hence it is absolutely necessary to study the characteristics and behavior of sewage, to ensure its safe disposal. This study will help us in determining the degree and type of treatment required to a given sewage according to its characteristics and thus to avoid the pollution of the source of its disposal i.e. Arpa river so that the adverse effect of pollution on human health, aquatic life, animals and plants can be eliminated. For the present study we have selected 4 places in Bilaspur City for collection of sewage hence Sample 1 was collected at Vasant Vihar S.E.C.L. Colony, The sample 2 was collected from M/S Narmada Drinks Pvt. Ltd. Sirgitti, The sample 3 was collected at Pachrighat drain. The sample 4 was collected from Nalla near Bannak Chowk Sirgitti. The Chemical tests namely Suspended Solids, Dissolved Solids, Chloride Content, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Physical tests namely pH value, Temperature, Threshold Odour Number (TON) had been performed and the tests results were compared with Indian standards permissible limits. Priority of this journal is to provide our important and valuable information to all people who show interest. The test results indicated that the Sample-1Vasant Vihar is less polluted, Sample-2 Narmada Drinks only requires neutralization of Chloride Content, Sample-3 Pachrighat was polluted and required treatment in summer season for reducing Solids whereas Sample-4 Bannak Nalla was highly polluted and required throughout treatment of higher degree. Out of the four samples the Sample-4 (Nalla near Bannak Chowk) was found to be most polluted sample in terms of Suspended solids, Chloride content, C.O.D., B.O.D. & T.O.N. and the drain containing this sample is being used by local public and is being discharged untreated into Arpa River. This Wastewater must be treated to prevent the Environment and the water bodies.

scholarly journals Reduction of COD and TSS of waste effluents from a sugar industry through the use of air micro-nanobubbles

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Milagros Leyva ◽  
Jhonny Valverde Flores
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Waste Effluents ◽  
High Level

The sugar industry uses large volumes of water for its production process. The discharge of effluents is one of the main problems that affects mainly rivers, seas, resulting in the high level of pollution that captures plant and aquatic life. The objective of this research is to reduce the concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Suspended Solids by treating air nanobubbles. The experiment was carried out with a sample of sugar process effluent having as the initial concentration value of the Chemical Oxygen Demand of 412.15 mg O2/L. and Total Suspended Solids of 620 mg TSS/L. After treating the water in a time of 90 minutes it was obtained as final result the Chemical Oxygen Demand was 66.13 mg O2 /L and Total Suspended Solids 131 mg TSS/L, improving water quality as well as for reuse for another type of use.

Removal of organic impurities in waste glycerol from biodiesel production process through the acidification and coagulation processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1158-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao-guang Xie ◽  
Wirach Taweepreda ◽  
Charongpun Musikavong ◽  
Chaisri Suksaroj
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Organic Impurities ◽  
Ph Range

Treatment of waste glycerol, a by-product of the biodiesel production process, can reduce water pollution and bring significant economic benefits for biodiesel facilities. In the present study, hydrochloric acid (HCl) was used as acidification to convert soaps into salts and free fatty acids which were recovered after treatment. The pH value, dosages of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and dosage of polyacrylamide (PAM) were considered to be the factors that can influence coagulation efficiency. The pH value of waste glycerol was adjusted to a pH range of 3–9. The PACl and PAM added were in the range of 1–6 g/L and 0.005–0.07 g/L. The results showed best coagulation efficiency occurs at pH 4 when dosage of PACl and PAM were 2 and 0.01 g/L. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS) and soaps were 80, 68, 97 and 100%, respectively. The compositions of organic matters in the treated waste glycerol were glycerol (288 g/L), methanol (3.8 g/L), and other impurities (0.3 g/L).

scholarly journals Electroplating plant sewage technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
L. V. Belova ◽  
E. I. Vyalkova ◽  
E. S. Glushchenko ◽  
E. Yu. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ph Values

Electroplating plant sewage is characterized by high concentration of metals, suspended solids, acids, alkalis and other contaminants. The irregular inflows, low pH values and specific sewage composition complicate its treatment. The main treatment methods include chemical precipitation, ion exchange, chemical and electrochemical oxidation, flotation, filtration and membrane separation. The paper proposes a possible variant of wastewater treatment in a small electroplating plant. The proposed flow diagram includes sedimentation of polluting substances with sodium hydroxide and oxidation with anolyte. The method results in a 88.9 % reduction in chemical oxygen demand, 99.5 % reduction in suspended solids, 99.8 % reduction in iron, 95.7 % reduction in surfactants, and 99.9 % reduction in copper ions. The pH value of the treated water is 7.8 and matches the value of a slightly alkaline environment.

scholarly journals Reuse of effluent water obtained in different textile finishing processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazan ERDUMLU ◽  
Bulent OZIPEK ◽  
Goncagul YILMAZ ◽  
Ziynet TOPATAN
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Textile Finishing ◽  
Finishing Processes

Abstract: The use of clean water in textile finishing is both common and very expensive. Effluent water subjected to advanced methods of physical, chemical, and biological treatment could be used for this purpose. However, information obtained from industry and the literature shows that effluent water obtained from different finishing processes may be reused without being totally purified. In this paper, a method is proposed to determine the viability of reusing effluent water obtained from different textile finishing processes of cotton fabrics after just basic treatments. These treatments include; filtering, airing, pH regulating and ion exchange. Effluent water obtained in different textile finishing processes was analysed in terms of pH value, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), SS (Suspended Solids), colour, hardness and conductivity. Effluent water for treatment and the process where the treated water was reused were determined by means of the proposed method, based on a multiple criteria decision making approach. A laboratory scale trial was conducted to investigate the efficiency of treatment.

DIP quality influenced by process water quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
DENNIS VOSS ◽  
HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽  
SAMUEL SCHABEL
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Contamination Levels

The need for deinking mills to reduce their fresh water consumption has resulted in higher loads of various contaminants in the process water. Lower recovered paper quality also leads to higher contamination levels in the mills. This higher load has an influence on achievable target brightness. The objective of the work was to determine and explain the main reasons for relatively poor deinked pulp quality or poor deinking potential based on the influence of recovered paper composition and process water quality. The process water parameters significantly affect the deinking potential of recovered paper. The test results showed the negative effects of increased water hardness. For standard recovered paper mixtures, flotation selectivity is higher with increasing flotation pH-value. Good results were realized for standard recovered paper with low hardness, low surface tension, and high pH-value. The results for recovered paper containing flexo newsprint could be slightly improved with low hardness, low surface tension, and low pH-value. The results of the test program using design of experiments showed interacting effects of pH-value and surface tension on luminosity and flotation selectivity.

Aeration and Water Hyacinths in Waste Stabilization Ponds

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
P. R. Thomas ◽  
H. O. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Water Hyacinths

The investigation was based on two facultative stabilization ponds initially designed to operate in parallel, and now receive wastewater in excess of their capacities from a fast expanding housing estate in the Caribbean Island of Trinidad. Because of the deterioration of the effluent quality relative to acceptable standards, an attempt was made to upgrade the ponds using water hyacinths at the early stages. However, from the results, it was clear that the introduction of water hyacinths in the test pond did not lead to any substantial improvement in the effluent because of the high loading on the pond. Therefore the ponds were modified to operate in series with surface aerators installed in the first pond. Initially, the effluent quality was monitored in terms of total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform bacteria, pH and dissolved oxygen with aeration in the first pond and no aquatic plants in the second pond. Although there was a significant improvement in the effluent quality, the values remained above the standards. As a result, water hyacinths were introduced in the second pond and the effluent quality monitored together with aeration in the first pond. The effluent quality improved with total suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand values both as low as 10 mg/l in certain months, but additional treatment was needed to reduce faecal conforms.

Removal of nitrogen from coal gasification wastewater by nitrosofication and denitrosofication

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxin Liu ◽  
Weiguang Li ◽  
Xiuheng Wang ◽  
Hongyuan Liu ◽  
Baozhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Test Results ◽  
New Process ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Coal Gasification Wastewater ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Bench Scale Test

In this paper, a study of a new process with nitrosofication and denitrosofication for nitrogen removal from coal gasification wastewater is reported. In the process, fibrous carriers were packed in an anoxic tank and an aerobic tank for the attached growth of the denitrifying bacteria and Nitrobacter respectively, and the suspended growth activated sludge was used in an aerobic tank for the growth of Nitrosomonas. A bench scale test has been carried out on the process, and the test results showed that using the process, 25% of the oxygen demand and 40% of the carbon source demand can be saved, and the efficiency of total nitrogen removal can increase over 10% as compared with a traditional process for biological nitrogen removal.

Management of Dairy Waste in the Sonoran Desert Using Constructed Wetland Technology

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Karpiscak ◽  
Robert J. Freitas ◽  
Charles P. Gerba ◽  
Luis R. Sanchez ◽  
Eylon Shamir
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Scirpus Validus ◽  
Surface Wetland

An integrated wastewater treatment facility, consisting of upper (solids separators, anaerobic lagoons, and aerobic ponds) and lower (wetland cells) subsystems, has been built to replace the lagoon at a dairy in Arizona, USA. The collection sump of the new waste treatment facility collects all dairy wastewater outflow. Wastewater is then pumped to solids separators, and flows by gravity to anaerobic ponds and aerobic ponds. The upper subsystem is expected to treat the water sufficiently so that the wetland cells may achieve further pollutant reductions. The lower subsystem, comprised of 8 surface wetland cells with an approximate surface area of 5,000 m2, receives outflow from the ponds. The cells are planted with cattail (Typha domingensis), soft-stem bulrush (Scirpus validus), and reed (Phragmites australis). After treatment is completed via the lagoons and ponds followed by the wetland cells, the wastewater can be reused to flush barns or to irrigate crops. Performance of the overall system is evaluated by measuring physical, chemical and biological parameters in water samples taken from selected locations along the treatment system. Chemical parameters studied include biochemical oxygen demand, pH, total suspended solids, nitrogen species. Biological monitoring included coliforms (total and fecal) and Listeria monocytogenes.

scholarly journals Study on Chromaticity Removal from Mineral Processing Wastewater with Salicylic Hydroxamic Acid by Granular Activated Carbon Catalyzed Ozonation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Shengnian Wu ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Ruihan Yao ◽  
Eryong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydroxamic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Removal Ratio

Salicylic hydroxamic acid is a novel flotation reagent used in mineral processing. However, it impacts the flotation wastewater leaving behind high chromaticity which limits its reuse and affects discharge for mining enterprises. This study researched ozonation catalyzed by the granular activated carbon (GAC) method to treat the chromaticity of the simulated mineral processing wastewater with salicylic hydroxamic acid. The effects of pH value, ozone (O3) concentration, GAC dosage, and reaction time on chromaticity and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal were discussed. The results of individual ozonation experiments showed that the chromaticity removal ratio reached 79% and the effluent chromaticity exceeded the requirement of reuse and discharge when the optimal experimental conditions were pH value 3, ozone concentration 6 mg/L, and reaction time 40 min. The orthogonal experimental results of catalytic ozonation with GAC on chromaticity removal explained that the chromaticity removal ratio could reach 96.36% and the chromaticity of effluent was only 20 when the optimal level of experimental parameters was pH value 2.87, O3 concentration 6 mg/L, GAC dosage 0.06 g/L, reaction time 60 min respectively. The degradation pathway of salicylic hydroxamic acid by ozonation was also considered based on an analysis with ultraviolet absorption spectrum and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

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