scholarly journals Nutritional Management of Diabetes Mellitus: An appraisal of the role of Medicinal plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-27
Author(s):  
Dauda Muhammed ◽  
Yetunde H. Adebiyi ◽  
Bernard O. Odey ◽  
Jonathan Ibrahim ◽  
Opeyemi N. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with partial or total lack of insulin secretion and insulin resistance. The most common symptoms are polydipsia, polyuria, blurred vision, slow healing sore, nerve damage. Diabetes, being a metabolic, endocrine disorder is directly connected to carbohydrates, lipid, and protein metabolism. As a result, nutrition therapy forms an integral part of diabetes management. Daily caloric intake of 50% - 55% carbohydrates is recommended. Carbohydrate with low glycaemic index is preferred to those with high glycaemic index. Nonnutritive sweeteners are also encouraged for people with diabetes to add increased variety to their food choices. The protein requirement for persons with diabetes is not different from the general population, 15-20 % of total caloric intake. Both soluble and insoluble fibers are encouraged in amounts similar to the recommendations for the general population (20–35 g). Fibers are useful as they prolong gastric emptying, prevent constipation, lower serum cholesterol level, and reduce nutrients diffusion rates, thus reducing blood glucose response. A low-fat diet is advisable for diabetics in order to reach and maintain good weight and health. As part of a healthy diet, 30% of daily calories should come from fats, and of these less than 10% should be saturated fat, less than 10% polyunsaturated fat and 10- 15% monounsaturated fat. As the general population, people with diabetes have no need for vitamin and mineral supplementation when the dietary intake is adequate. Despite much research on nutritional factors in the etiology and management of diabetes, the risk associated with several individual nutrients is not entirely clear. In order to achieve maximum benefit from nutritional interventions in the management of diabetes changes in government policies and legislation will be needed in addition to individual and community-based programs.

scholarly journals Glycaemic index of conventional carbohydrate meals

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. V. Mani ◽  
S. N. Pradhan ◽  
N. C. Mehta ◽  
D. M. Thakur ◽  
U. Iyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Bengal Gram ◽  
Insulin Dependent

The glycaemic index (GI) and the triacylglycerol response were measured in thirty non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients given 50 g portions of five different conventional Indian meals containing semolina (Triticum aestivum) cooked by two different methods, or combinations of semolina and pulse (black gram dhal (Phaseolus mungo), green gram dhal (Phaseolus aureus) or Bengal gram dhal (Cicer arietum)). There were no significant differences among meals in mean GI except for meals based on roasted semolina or semolina-black gram dhal. Compared with the blood glucose response for a 50 g glucose load, only meals based on steam-cooked semolina and semolina-Bengal gram dhal elicited a significantly lower response at 1 h postprandially, and only meals based on semolina-black gram dhal at 2 h postprandially. No significant differences were found among the meals in the triacylglycerol response

scholarly journals Dietary treatment of the metabolic syndrome — the optimal diet

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (S1) ◽  
pp. S143-S148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Riccardi ◽  
A. A. Rivellese
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Total Fat

The treatment of the metabolic syndrome aims to improve insulin sensitivity and correct/prevent the associated metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities. Since many individuals with the metabolic syndrome are overweight, dietary treatment should be primarily focused on weight reduction. This approach can improve insulin sensitivity and exert beneficial effects on all the other abnormalities clustering in the syndrome. Insulin sensitivity can also be influenced by diet composition. In this respect, the specific effects of the quality of dietary fat are of great interest, given the considerable evidence in experimental animals that saturated fat in the diet may lead to insulin resistance. In man, there is indirect evidence that a higher saturated fat intake is associated with impaired insulin action. Human studies have also attempted to evaluate the relationship between total fat intake and insulin sensitivity. They are consistent in showing that fat intake is correlated with both plasma insulin values (positively) and insulin sensitivity (negatively). However, these correlations are largely mediated by body weight. Conversely, intervention studies are consistent in showing that when total fat intake is moderately increased (from 20 to 40 %), no major effect is observed on insulin sensitivity. We have recently undertaken a large, multicentre intervention study in 162 healthy individuals given either a high-saturated-fat or a high-monounsaturated-fat diet for 3 months. It shows that a high-monounsaturated-fat diet significantly improves insulin sensitivity compared to a high-saturated-fat diet. However, this beneficial effect of monounsaturated fat disappears when total fat intake exceeds 38 % of total energy. Independently of its effects on insulin sensitivity, diet composition can influence the factors clustering in the metabolic syndrome. Dietary carbohydrate increases blood glucose levels, particularly in the postprandial period, and consequently also insulin levels and plasma triglycerides. The detrimental effects of a high-carbohydrate diet on plasma glucose/insulin, triglyceride/HDL or fibrinolysis occur only when carbohydrate foods with a high glycaemic index are consumed, while they are abolished if the diet is based largely on fibre-rich, low-glycaemic-index foods. In conclusion, weight reduction is a powerful measure for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the diet for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome should be limited in the intake of saturated fat, while high fibre/low-glycaemic-index foods should be used without specific limitations. Moderate amounts of monounsaturated fat could be permitted as they do not induce detrimental metabolic effects.

scholarly journals Glycemic control as an important tool in the prevention of cardiovascular aging in patients with diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
O. A. Shatskaya ◽  
I. Z. Bondarenko ◽  
S. S. Kukharenko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the development of vascular complications leading to early disability and a decrease in the life expectancy of patients. Aging of the body inevitably leads to the occurrence of age-related diseases, including the cardiovascular system, and increases the risk of death. Metabolic and structural and functional disorders of the cardiovascular system arising in diabetes mellitus have common pathophysiological mechanisms with aging of the body. Chronic hyperglycemia can accelerate the aging process and play a decisive role in the occurrence and prognosis of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus. Achieving target glycemic values is an important step towards preventing vascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Improved models of glucometers, equipped with a number of additional functions, allow for structured self-control of glycemia, analyze the data obtained and carry out timely correction of therapy, actively involve patients in the process of diabetes management, which will significantly increase the efficiency of disease management, reduce the risk of complications in patients and improve the quality of life.

scholarly journals Formation and Validation of the Healthy Diet Index (HDI) for Evaluation of Diet Quality in Healthcare

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2362
Author(s):  
Jaana Lindström ◽  
Kirsikka Aittola ◽  
Auli Pölönen ◽  
Katri Hemiö ◽  
Kirsti Ahonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Counselling ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Quality In Healthcare

Lack of tools to evaluate the quality of diet impedes dietary counselling in healthcare. We constructed a scoring for a validated food intake questionnaire, to measure the adherence to a healthy diet that prevents type 2 diabetes (T2D). The Healthy Diet Index (HDI) consists of seven weighted domains (meal pattern, grains, fruit and vegetables, fats, fish and meat, dairy, snacks and treats). We studied the correlations of the HDI with nutrient intakes calculated from 7-day food records among 52 men and 25 women, and associations of HDI with biomarkers and anthropometrics among 645 men and 2455 women. The HDI correlated inversely with total fat (Pearson’s r = −0.37), saturated fat (r = −0.37), monounsaturated fat (r = −0.37), and the glycaemic index of diet (r = −0.32) and positively with carbohydrates (r = 0.23), protein (r = 0.25), fibre (r = 0.66), magnesium (r = 0.26), iron (r = 0.25), and vitamin D (r = 0.27), (p < 0.05 for all). In the linear regression model adjusted for BMI and age, HDI is associated inversely with waist circumference, concentrations of fasting and 2-h glucose and triglycerides in men and women, total and LDL cholesterol in women, and fasting insulin in men (p < 0.05 for all). The HDI proved to be a valid tool to measure adherence to a health-promoting diet and to support individualised dietary counselling.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR DIABETES THROUGH LIFE STYLE MODIFICATIONS AND YOGA: A CRITICAL REVIEW

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3028-3034
Author(s):  
Pooja Rani ◽  
Subash Sahu ◽  
Jai Singh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Characteristic Features

Diabetes mellitus is defined as multiple etiological disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbed of metabolism leads into defective insulin secretion, action or both. Research showed 150 million people have diabetes mellitus worldwide, which can be doubled by the year 2025. This tremendous sudden increase is due to population growth, ageing, unhealthy diets, obesity and sedentary lifestyles. In contemporary science diabetes management includes uses of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin injections still blood sugar level remains uncontrolled and may leads to further complications. In Ayurveda characteristic features of diabetes has been described under Madhumeha in which treatment principles have been explained beautifully in detail which includes Shodhana therapy, Shamana therapy, diet and Yogic exercise. Through various studies we come across that there have been lots of research works done on role of Ayurveda and yoga in diabetes mellitus. In this article an attempt has been made to collect various data published by CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, ICMR and CSIR has. Along with data available on PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, AYUSH research portal and various online journals based on some clinical studies. So, that a multidimensional approach can be made through these resources and apply to cure the patient and improve quality of life.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge related to diabetes mellitus among patients attending a dental college in Salem city-A cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharath C ◽  
Saravanan N ◽  
Venkatalakshmi S
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with a global prevalence rate of 8.3%. Diabetes not only affect general health but also oral health leading to periodontitis. Low level of knowledge about diabetes and lack of awareness regarding preventive options will ultimately impact self-care behavior. To assess diabetes related knowledge among patients attending Vinayaka Mission’s Sankarachariyar (VMS) Dental College outpatient department in Salem city, Tamilnadu. <strong>Materials And Methods: </strong>A cross sectional study was carried out for about two weeks which encompassed a convenient sample of 400 subjects aged 18-80 years. Knowledge of respondents regarding diabetes was measured using 15 item self-administered modified Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ).<strong> Results: </strong>When knowledge regarding cause of diabetes was considered, only 40% of subjects were aware that diabetes is not a communicable disease. Almost half (57.5%) of the participants believed that sweet consumption causes diabetes. Furthermore, 55% participants knew that diabetes can damage kidney and around 54.5% agreed that diabetes can also affect dental health. The higher mean knowledge scores was observed among males compared to females and the difference was statistically insignicant (p=0.37). Significantly higher mean knowledge scores were dissipated by subjects with graduation education (p=0.01), those with professional occupation (p=0.02) and participant from urban location (p=0.00). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed significantly lower level of awareness regarding diabetes among rural respondents compared to urban residents. Gap related to diabetes mellitus knowledge should be abridged between rural and urban province in order to reduce disease burden and to yield positive health outcomes in the society.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes management; Knowledge; Oral self-care.</p>

Wogonin Alleviates Hyperglycemia Through Increased Glucose Entry into Cells Via AKT/GLUT4 Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2602-2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Khan ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Main Factor

: Insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes mellitus resulting in chronic hyperglycemia is a major health problem in the modern world. Many drugs have been tested to control hyperglycemia which is believed to be the main factor behind many of the diabetes-related late-term complications. Wogonin is a famous herbal medicine which has been shown to be effective in controlling diabetes and its complications. In our previous work, we showed that wogonin is beneficial in many ways in controlling diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we mainly explained wogonin anti-hyperglycemic property through AKT/GLUT4 pathway. Here we briefly discussed that wogonin increases Glut4 trafficking to plasma membrane which allows increased entry of glucose and thus alleviates hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Wogonin can be used as an anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycemic drug and works via AKT/GLUT4 pathway.

A Critical Review on Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus) with its Preventive Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anagha Gosavi ◽  
Ram V. Ramekar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

Prameha is disease of Mutravaha Srotasa having Kapha dominancy which can be correlated with diabetes mellitus. The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Madhumeha is considered as a subtype under the Vatika type of Prameha and it is characterized by passage of urine with sweet taste like honey along with sweetness of whole body. With appropriate use of Ayurvedic preventive measures such as Dincharya, Ritucharya, Aharvidhi and therapeutic measures Madhumeha (DM) can be prevented.

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