scholarly journals Hanseníase no brasil: breve revisão

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Iasmim Lima Menezes ◽  
Mayra Lucy de Macedo Targino ◽  
Laisa Patrícia da Silva Moreira ◽  
Ernani Canuto Figueirêdo Junior ◽  
Sandra A. Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Therapy Treatment

A hanseníase é uma infecção causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, sendo que o Brasil encontra-se no segundo lugar globalmente entre os países com os maiores números de casos. Seu tratamento poliquimioterápico tem duração de seis (paucibacilar) ou 12 meses (multibacilar). Utiliza as medicações  rifampicina, dapsona e clofazimina, combinadas com posologias de acordo com o tipo da doença e peso dos pacientes.   Leprosy is an infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and Brazil is in second place globally among the countries with the highest number of cases. Its multidrug therapy treatment lasts six (paucibacillary) or 12 months (multibacillary). It uses the medications rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine, combined with dosages according to the type of disease and weight of the patients.

scholarly journals Cutaneous leprosy in Central Florida man with significant armadillo exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e229287
Author(s):  
Christopher Michael Logas ◽  
Kathryn B Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Usa

Leprosy is a chronic infectious, granulomatous disease caused by the intracellular bacillusMycobacterium lepraethat infects macrophages and Schwann cells. While relatively rare in the USA, there is about 200 new cases of leprosy every year with the majority occurring in the southern parts of the country. It is believed to be linked to the region of the nine-banned armadillo in patients with no significant travel history outside of the country. In this case report, we encountered a 58-year-old Central Florida man that had extensive exposure to armadillos and presented with the typical symptoms of large erythaematous patches, numbness and peripheral nerve hypertrophy. Once diagnosed properly, patients are then reported to the National Hansen’s Centre who provides the multidrug therapy for 12–24 months. Due to its rarity and its ability to mimic other more common ailments, leprosy should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients that have significant exposure to armadillos, live in the southern part of the country or have recently travelled to countries that have a high prevalence of leprosy.

scholarly journals Drug Delivery Systems on Leprosy Therapy: Moving Towards Eradication?

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Luíse L. Chaves ◽  
Yuri Patriota ◽  
José L. Soares-Sobrinho ◽  
Alexandre C. C. Vieira ◽  
Sofia A. Costa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
The Status

Leprosy disease remains an important public health issue as it is still endemic in several countries. Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, presents tropism for cells of the reticuloendothelial and peripheral nervous system. Current multidrug therapy consists of clofazimine, dapsone and rifampicin. Despite significant improvements in leprosy treatment, in most programs, successful completion of the therapy is still sub-optimal. Drug resistance has emerged in some countries. This review discusses the status of leprosy disease worldwide, providing information regarding infectious agents, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, actual treatment and future perspectives and strategies on targets for an efficient targeted delivery therapy.

scholarly journals Successive Intramuscular Boosting with IFN-Alpha ProtectsMycobacterium bovisBCG-Vaccinated Mice againstM. lepraemuriumInfection

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Guerrero ◽  
J. Rangel-Moreno ◽  
S. Islas-Trujillo ◽  
Ó. Rojas-Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
No Production ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Ifn Alpha ◽  
Significant Health ◽  
Improve Treatment Efficacy

Leprosy caused byMycobacterium lepraeprimarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. As a human infectious disease, it is still a significant health and economic burden on developing countries. Although multidrug therapy is reducing the number of active cases to approximately 0.5 million, the number of cases per year is not declining. Therefore, alternative host-directed strategies should be addressed to improve treatment efficacy and outcome. In this work, using murine leprosy as a model, a very similar granulomatous skin lesion to human leprosy, we have found that successive IFN-alpha boosting protects BCG-vaccinated mice againstM. lepraemuriuminfection. No difference in the seric isotype and all IgG subclasses measured, neither in the TH1 nor in the TH2 type cytokine production, was seen. However, an enhanced iNOS/NO production in BCG-vaccinated/i.m. IFN-alpha boosted mice was observed. The data provided in this study suggest a promising use for IFN-alpha boosting as a new prophylactic alternative to be explored in human leprosy by targeting host innate cell response.

scholarly journals Lepromatous leprosy masquerading as rhinophyma

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Sowmyashree Krishna ◽  
Malcolm Pinto ◽  
Manjunath Mala Shenoy ◽  
Mahesh SG
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Global Health Problem

<p>Leprosy a major global health problem, especially in the developing world, is an infectious disease caused by <em>Mycobacterium leprae</em>. Leprosy has a predilection to with cooler areas of the body. Lepromatous leprosy presents with varied manifestations like nodules, cervical lymphadenitis, hyperpigmented patches and other presentations which can mimic various other diseases and pose a diagnostic challenge in endemic areas. We report a case presenting with nodular infiltration of the nose mimicking rhinophyma who presented with faint reddish swelling over the nose which progressed to nodular infiltration. There was bilateral symmetrical thickening of nerves following which diagnosis was confirmed by slit skin smear and the patient was started on multibacillary multidrug therapy. The importance of rightly diagnosing cases presenting as nodules that mimic rhinophyma is important because of the infectious nature of the disease which pose a threat to the community.</p>

scholarly journals High relapse rate among lepromatous leprosy patients treated with rifampin plus ofloxacin daily for 4 weeks.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1953-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ji ◽  
P Jamet ◽  
S Sow ◽  
E G Perani ◽  
I Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
High Relapse Rate ◽  
Leprosy Patients

Fifty-one lepromatous leprosy patients, all of whom had relapsed after previous dapsone (DDS) monotherapy, were treated between 1990 and 1991 with 600 mg of rifampin (RMP) plus 400 mg of ofloxacin (OFLO) daily for 4 weeks, and the great majority of the patients were followed up at least once a year after completion of the treatment. After only 173 patient-years of follow-up, 5 relapses had been detected; the overall relapse rate was 10.0% (confidence limits, 1.7 and 18.3%), or 2.9 relapses (confidence limits, 0.4 and 5.4) per 100 patient-years. The unacceptably high relapse rate indicated that 4 weeks of treatment with daily RMP-OFLO was unable to reduce the number of viable Mycobacterium leprae organisms to a negligible level. In addition, the M. leprae from one of the relapses were proved to have multiple resistance to DDS, RMP, and OFLO. To avoid further relapses, the follow-up was terminated and the great majority of the patients were retreated with the standard 2-year multidrug therapy from 1994. No further relapse has been diagnosed since the beginning of retreatment.

scholarly journals Clofazimine in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections: A Growing Niche

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A McGuffin ◽  
Paul S Pottinger ◽  
James P Harnisch
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
High Virulence

Abstract Infection secondary to rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in individuals with underlying structural lung disease or immune compromise. Such infections, particularly those caused by the Mycobacterium abscessus group, are challenging to treat due to high virulence, antibiotic resistance, and the lack of effective and tolerable therapies. Although novel antimycobacterials are under development, clofazimine—a drug historically administered as part of multidrug therapy regimens for Mycobacterium leprae—holds promise as a chemotherapeutic for the treatment of RGM. The history, pharmacologic properties of clofazimine, as well as in vitro and in vivo studies against RGM are described here and highlight a potential new niche for an old drug.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF LEPROSY INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
MUHANAD MOHAMED HABIBALLA AHMED ◽  
ANURADHA ◽  
PANKAJ WADHWA
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacterium ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Leprosy is an ancient disease which is caused due to bacterial infection while curable but endures to be a substantial health problem in numerous parts across the world. It is an extremely contagious disease that is caused by any of 3 strains of bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nontuberculous Mycobacterium; and Mycobacterium leprae. In several regions of Brazil, leprosy is a health issue which is still an endemic. Mainly skin, peripheral nerves, eyes, and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract are affected due to this chronic infection. As per the data shared by WHO across 159 countries globally, there were around 208,619 new leprosy cases reported. The global prevalence of leprosy is overcome with the aid of multidrug therapy which remains to be the chiefly targeted for treatment. The multidrug therapy gets attention as they show tremendous potential in fighting this disease. This review briefs about the different drugs and strategies which are used in treatment and superintendence of leprosy.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium leprae Is Naturally Resistant to PA-824

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 3350-3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjini H. Manjunatha ◽  
Ramanuj Lahiri ◽  
Baljit Randhawa ◽  
Cynthia S. Dowd ◽  
James L. Krahenbuhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Phase I Clinical Trials ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Axenic Cultures

ABSTRACT Leprosy responds very slowly to the current multidrug therapy, and hence there is a need for novel drugs with potent bactericidal activity. PA-824 is a 4-nitroimidazo-oxazine that is currently undergoing phase I clinical trials for the treatment of tuberculosis. The activity of PA-824 against Mycobacterium leprae was tested and compared with that of rifampin in axenic cultures, macrophages, and two different animal models. Our results conclusively demonstrate that PA-824 has no effect on the viability of M. leprae in all three models, consistent with the lack of the nitroimidazo-oxazine-specific nitroreductase, encoded by Rv3547 in the M. leprae genome, which is essential for activation of this molecule.

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